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1.
While access to higher education has reached gender parity in Taiwan, the phenomenon of gender segregation and stratification by fields of study and by division of labor persist. In this article, we trace the historical evolution of Taiwan's education system and data using large-scale educational databases to analyze the association of institutional factors and educational outcomes. Grouping in the college entrance examinations in the 1950s led to grouping in the high school curriculum, which, in turn, seems to have enlarged the mathematics performance gap between the natural sciences group and the social studies group, and extended to a performance gap between the two groups on the college entrance examination. Because men concentrate in science and engineering and women concentrate in humanities, the superiority of the former disciplines over the latter was consolidated along with the stereotype that male fields were better than female fields. 相似文献
2.
高等教育阶段是与劳动力市场衔接最紧密的阶段,高等教育的学科专业直接决定了人们日后所从事的职业。从社会性别的角度看,女性倾向于选择女性密集型学科专业,男性倾向于选择男性密集型学科专业;男性密集型学科专业对应的职业领域收入往往高于女性密集型学科专业。学科专业的性别隔离导致职业性别隔离和职业分层,改善高等教育学科专业的性别隔离状况有助于解决性别收入差距问题。 相似文献
3.
近期各地频发的校车事故并不是孤立事件,这是长期的城市中心论、教育资源不公平配置、社会阶层分化的必然结果,也是农村阶层固化在教育领域的反映。校车事件表明农村阶层分化与教育分化循环累积因果效应已经形成,处于社会最底层的农村贫困家庭子女的发展环境持续恶化,已经造成严重的社会危害。只有尽快废除不合理的城乡二元体制,纠正不公平的教育投资机制,大幅增加教育经费投入,提高农村地区贫困家庭的教育补助,我们才能确保基础教育阶段教育机会的相对公平,促进阶层之间的合理流动,缓解社会危机,实现和谐发展。 相似文献
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5.
Advocates argue that vouchers can make improved educational opportunity available to disadvantaged students. Critics contend that vouchers increase the risk of stratification. Researchers have found that Chile's voucher program has lead to increased socioeconomic school segregation. What has been overlooked, however, is segregation between schools within a sector and variation within private for-profit and non-profit school sectors. I find that public schools are more likely to serve disadvantaged students than private voucher schools. I also find that disadvantaged students are more segregated among private voucher schools than among public schools. While between and within sector segregation levels vary across private voucher school types, the differences are not always consistent with theory. The data also suggest that policies can either mitigate or exacerbate the stratifying effects of educational vouchers. 相似文献
6.
In the field of Chinese higher education, gender is still a significant issue, as is a general ignorance of gender discrimination
against women. Issues related to gender can be observed throughout the process of education: at the time of entering an institution,
during the educational process and as an outcome of education. The following seven aspects of sexual discrimination occur
in Chinese higher education system: (1) Fewer opportunities for women in higher education than for men; (2) within disciplines
and specializations there exists the phenomena of gender segregation and diffluence; (3) considerable gender difference exists
in the distribution of school resources; (4) teaching materials and teaching content are gender discriminatory; (5) within
higher education institutions, student organizations have a degree of gender imbalance; (6) campus culture has a hidden agenda
of gender discrimination; and (7) employment prospects for women tend to be unequal and discriminatory. 相似文献
7.
社会分层对农民家庭子女受教育机会的影响研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
改革开放以来,农民阶层发生了分化.教育可能是改变其家庭和子女命运的惟一可行途径,但我国目前基础教育阶段分层的现实和高中教育以及高等教育收费的政策严重影响了普通农民子女,特别是农村贫困家庭子女进一步接受教育的可能性.教育内部的不平等又会反过来造成社会的不平等,进而影响社会稳定与和谐发展. 相似文献
8.
In many industrial nations, the processes of transition from education or training to employment are very important. Using Japan as a case study, this article considers these processes from an external perspective. The main criterion used is the issue of stratification within the education and training system. A detailed analysis of the transition process demonstrates that there is little differentiation between school students in Japan, making Japan's a very homogeneous education system by comparison with its international competitors. However, a type of indirect and/or informal stratification results from a ranking system for educational establishments and employers, reinforced by cooperation between individual educational establishments and specific employers. 相似文献
9.
近年来许多美国学者的研究均指出,院校分层和学生隔离及其相互渗透已成为美国高等教育领域不公平现象的重要特征。基于不同种族、社会阶层,以及在某种程度上不同性别的学生在获得高等教育机会,尤其是在获得优质高等教育机会上存在着差别,是美国高等教育中存在的最不公平的现象之一。在我国高等教育日益大众化的今天,美国高等教育中存在的不公平现象及其变化特征值得我们关注和重视。 相似文献
10.
Xavier Bonal 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(3):401-421
This article shows how the Catalan government has not developed an agenda to tackle school segregation despite the growing number of migrant pupils who arrived over the course of the last decade. Education policy has explicitly disregarded the possibilities of improving the regulatory framework for tackling segregation; it has exercised insufficient control over the effective application of education regulations on the balanced schooling of pupils with specific educational needs; and it has taken decisions on education policy which have even accentuated school segregation. This article provides empirical evidence on the characteristics of school segregation in Catalonia and on the education policies developed by the Catalan government in the domain of the schooling of migrant pupils. The study illustrates how the absence of an explicit school desegregation policy is an example of the politics of non-decision-making and a case which clearly manifests the need to overcome behavioural analysis in policy decision-making. 相似文献
11.
Policies to expand higher education (HE) in the UK have emphasised the importance of widening participation by under-represented groups. However, the attention has shifted from who participates in HE (and who does not) to the different institutions attended by students from different backgrounds. Researchers have typically investigated this issue by comparing rates of entry to different types of university. This paper proposes an alternative approach; it uses concepts of social segregation, hitherto applied mainly to secondary schools, to analyse UCAS data on the social and demographic characteristics of entrants to HE. It estimates indices of segregation between HE institutions, and between subject areas within institutions, for selected cohorts of entrants to full-time undergraduate courses between 1996 and 2010. Levels of segregation during this period have been relatively high in relation to ethnicity and independent schooling, lower in relation to age and lowest in relation to gender, disability and social class. Most indices show stability over time, with a decline in the segregation of non-white ethnic groups and a small increase in segregation of independent school students. Levels of segregation differ across the four UK home countries, and tend to be highest in England. 相似文献
12.
大学生思想政治教育应立足于我国社会阶层分化、大学生呈现阶层分化等客观社会现实。家庭阶层状况、学校同辈阶层群体交往、社会阶层分化以及大众传媒等影响着大学生思想政治教育。因此,新时期大学生思想政治教育应加强相应的环境建设,如营造合理的社会阶层分化环境;增强不同阶层大学生间的相互理解及共识,形成大学生阶层和谐;加强各阶层家庭思想政治教育环境以及互联网等的建设、管理,营造良好的大众传媒环境。 相似文献
13.
Sacrificial girls: a case study of the impact of streaming and setting on gender reform 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Emma Charlton Martin Mills Wayne Martino Lori Beckett 《British Educational Research Journal》2007,33(4):459-478
This article reports on research funded by the Australian Research Council to investigate school responses to gender equity. It addresses the efforts of a disadvantaged school to tackle what they perceived to be gender inequalities, but in the process of constructing a top‐set and bottom‐set/stream class they are developing new forms of old inequalities and new forms of inequalities. This research indicates that despite popular assertions that girls' education has become the priority of schools and education systems, girls are being further disadvantaged through attempts to implement market strategies coupled with gender reform agendas grounded in liberal notions of equity and relying on unsophisticated notions of affirmative action. In addition, this study highlights the extent to which a media‐driven debate about boys' education has influenced the constitution of boys as the ‘new disadvantaged’ with the capacity to determine the nature of gender reform agendas and programmes in schools. 相似文献
14.
Hetty P.J.M. Dekkers Roel J. Bosker Geert W.J.M. Driessen 《Educational Research and Evaluation》2013,19(1):59-82
It is well documented that stratification in education precedes social stratification. Many authors hypothesise that the stratification patterns in education may be related to background characteristics of students in a more complex way than researched so far in this field. Therefore, in this article the interactive effects of social class, ethnicity and gender on various indicators for school success are analysed and discussed. A large-scale longitudinal database offered the possibility to establish the complex relations between the three student background variables and school careers, measured by educational attainment 6 years after entering secondary education and by technical or science related choices. Results show that school success is not always predicted by expected additive or multiplicative effects of the different background variables. For example the situation of girls from ethnic minorities is better than expected, while that of indigenous boys from low socio-economic backgrounds is worse when compared to similar boys from ethnic minorities. Inequalities arising from different choice patterns regarding technical and science subjects can only partly be deduced from differences present at the age of 12, whereas in terms of general educational attainment secondary schools even reduce arrears of ethnic minority female students as these can be observed at the age of 12. 相似文献
15.
特许学校改革是美国择校运动发展到近期出现的教育改革运动,是美国公立教育改革的重要组威部分.然而从美国第一所特许学校诞生的那天起,特许学校就受到来自各方面的争议,其中最大的担忧就是改革可能造成教育的分化与不公.本文从社会学视角出发,指出经过近20年发展,特许学校一方面促成了基于不同教育理念的社会分化,另一方面也更好地满足了不同社会群体的教育需求.特许学校改革的复杂性和未来的不确定性对我国教育改革有一定的启发意义. 相似文献
16.
The role of educational choice in occupational gender segregation: Evidence from Trinidad and Tobago
We analyse the role of educational choice on the degree of occupational segregation in Trinidad and Tobago during a period in which educational policies intent on equating gender opportunities in education were implemented. To this end we utilize waves of the Trinidad and Tobago labour force survey over the period 1991–2004. Our results show that while educational segregation has fallen substantially over our sample period, this has not translated into less occupational segregation. This suggests that the educational policy has not been sufficient to combat occupational segregation. However, results at a more disaggregated level show that experiences have been heterogeneous across educational and occupational groups. 相似文献
17.
Jim Gallacher 《Higher Education Quarterly》2006,60(4):349-369
Widening access to higher education (HE) has been an important policy objective in Scotland over the last twenty years. While there is evidence that high levels of participation have been achieved, and some evidence of reduction in inequalities in participation rates among young people entering higher education, there is also evidence of persisting inequalities, and of patterns of differentiation and stratification. As a result there is evidence that, with the development of mass higher education in Scotland, a stratified system of higher education has emerged. Furthermore there is evidence that these patterns of stratification are being maintained over time, despite the policies which are designed to widen access. This paper will review the evidence regarding the nature and extent of these patterns of stratification, and briefly consider the policies which are designed to tackle this issue. 相似文献
18.
Gender,sexuality and schooling: Everyday life in junior secondary schools in Botswana and Ghana 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In this paper, the focus is upon daily school practices in Junior Secondary Schools in Ghana and Botswana. The data from 12 ethnographic case studies have been used to explore how the institution of schooling is gendered. The analysis focuses predominantly on the informal practices of the hidden curriculum through a theoretical perspective that highlights these institutional processes as significant to the production of gender/sexual identities. Remarkable similarities in the pervasive and inequitable gender/sexual practices within schools across country contexts are discussed in three key areas: school management and duties, gender space and gender violence. These discussions of everyday school life illustrate the ways in which both normative institutional practices and human agency produce and regulate gender/sexual identities. This micro-level analysis provides important substantive and methodological insights into what goes on inside schools and into the contexts and experiences of schooling that are significant to policy discourses of gender, education and development. 相似文献
19.
David J. Corson 《Gender and education》1992,4(3):229-254
Since the mid‐1970s studies of language and gender have been increasingly concerned with social justice issues. One aim of these studies has been to identify the role that language plays in the location and maintenance of women in a disadvantageous position in society. This article looks at the role that education plays in creating unjust gender arrangements in society through its language policies and the discursive practices that it legitimates. It begins by critically reviewing many of the studies that have found differences in the respective discourses of men and women. It then reviews the smaller corpus of studies that describe differences in the discourse of preschool and school‐age girls and boys. It then reviews the language policies and discourse practices that schools often adopt which seem to create and reinforce disadvantages for girls and women, suggesting how unjust power is exercised through the medium of school discourse and through taken‐for‐granted school language policies. The article concludes with recommendations for school language policy action. 相似文献
20.
入学机会在香港虽早已普及,但这并不代表香港中小学教育是公平的。为了检视香港教育公平的实践,本文回顾了香港回归后与教育公平有关的教育政策争议,从学童的性别、贫穷家庭子女、特殊学习需要学童、少数族裔学童、新来港与跨境学童等几方面剖析了香港中小学在教育公平方面的实施情况,并就探讨香港教育公平课题提出了进一步的建议。 相似文献