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我国家庭学前教育投资行为的发生是家庭对学前教育的预期成本和预期收益进行权衡之后的结果。目前我国家庭学前教育的预期成本和预期收益包含着多方面的内容。一方面,家庭学前教育的预期成本包括了直接成本和间接成本,另一方面,学前教育的预期收益包括了个人收益、家庭收益和社会收益。最后,家庭学前教育的投资行为是否发生是由投资倾向度决定的,投资倾向度跟预期成本呈反比,跟预期收益呈正比。 相似文献
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《Contemporary educational psychology》2001,26(3):382-399
This study explored the extent to which student interest and grading leniency were predictive of teacher ratings. Unlike other teacher rating research, however, this study measured student interest at the beginning and end of seven sections of two courses; further, grading leniency was explicitly defined and measured, not inferred from expected grade and workload. Data indicate that precourse interest was positively associated with expected grade, but was not predictive of ratings, nor did it moderate the expected grade–rating association. Rather, interest change was positively associated with expected grade and predictive of ratings. Further, interest change and grading leniency provided incremental variance in ratings, beyond that provided by expected grade. 相似文献
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Six classes of first-grade children were given a sociometric question asking them with which classmates they would prefer to work. The children were classified by their reading groups, and their in-group and out-group choices were analyzed. Each class was naturally trichotomized into three reading groups; top, middle, and lower. The reading groups were the only enduring groups of the classes. It was found that the lower reading group members chose fewer than expected children from their own groups (p < . 025) and more than expected children from the top reading groups (p < . 001). Members of the middle reading groups made fewer than expected choices from the lower reading groups (p < . 01) and more than expected choices from the top reading groups (p < . 001). The top reading group members made fewer than expected choices from the lower reading groups (p < . 001), f ewer than expected choices from the middle reading groups (p < . 06), and chose within their own groups more than expected (p < . 001). The results were discussed in terms of group cohesiveness and possible group effects upon learning. 相似文献
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Grade inflation over the past few decades has been a concern for many universities. Course evaluation scores are known to be positively correlated with students’ expected grades, and this paper tests whether or not there is an incentive for the instructor to “buy” higher evaluation scores by inflating grades. To test this hypothesis, I use unique data from the University of Washington's Office of Educational Assessment that includes a measure of each student's relative expected grade in the course. I find that there is an incentive for instructors to grade leniently after accounting for the potential endogeneity of the relative expected grade variable due to unobserved teacher productivity and unobserved heterogeneity of instructors and departments. Instructor fixed effects account for a significant part of the measured effect of relative expected grade on evaluations, and by not including them, the estimated impact of relative expected grade on evaluations is biased upwards. 相似文献
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郑晓静 《延安教育学院学报》2008,22(4):42-44
新建本科院校外语专业的教学管理工作应将教学管理的一般性同新建本科院校外语教育的特殊性相结合,从教学管理的管理理念、管理者同被管理者之间的关系、教学管理的管理方式等方面入手全面改革,在新的形势下培养复合型、创新型的本科人才。以适应新的教学管理趋势。 相似文献
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通过对300名大学生在校期间个人成本与个人经济预期收益的调查和分析,认为大学生个人成本中机会成本大于直接成本,直接成本中学费和生活差距费所占比重较大;移民,转换职业,提高收入是学生的三大主要收益预期;大学生的专业和个人经济成本直接影响学生的收益预期。 相似文献
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《Journal of College Student Psychotherapy》2013,27(2):118-134
Many counseling centers have session limits to accommodate the increasing number of clients who seek treatment. The current study explored clients' expectations for the number of sessions over the course of one year at a large university counseling center. In contrast to previous research that has suggested clients want ten or fewer sessions, our results suggest that over 60% of clients wanted 20 or more sessions. Moreover, clients who expected 20 or more sessions reported therapy was less effective than clients who expected less than 20 sessions. While actual number of sessions was related to expected number of sessions, termination status appeared to be related to clinical factors and not clients' expected number of sessions. Implications for clinical practice and agency session limit policies are discussed. 相似文献
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运用经济学原理，从预防违约和信任投资两个方面对预期损失赔偿进行研究，认为这一制度蕴含着一个悖论：它不能同时实现合同双方当事人的社会效率，不能同时实现一方作出承诺时的有效预防与另一方作出反应时的有效信任。采取锁定赔偿额度，以完全预期损失赔偿替代预期损失赔偿可以克服这一悖论。 相似文献
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郭玉云 《乌鲁木齐职业大学学报》2009,18(2)
文章运用调查法和访谈法对新疆大学生的"择业心态、择业信息的获取方式、择业方式的选择、收入期望、就业单位、地区选择、去基层工作的愿望、影响择业的因素"等择业心理倾向进行了调查研究,总结出当前大学生的择业现状及存在问题,对现状和存在问题进行了原因分析,提出了解决问题的对策与建议。 相似文献
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Michael Yost 《科学教学研究杂志》1973,10(4):317-322
The investigator completed a content analysis of the astronomy portion of science texts at three grade levels (4th, 5th, and 6th) that were produced by five different publishers. The analysis used an operant paradigm and compared the responses expected of students who used one science text to those expected of students using other science texts. The response comparisons were made both within and across grade levels. Using similarity of the responses expected of students as a basis of comparison, elementary school science texts produced by different publishers had more in common across grade levels than within grade levels. Less than 50% of the responses expected of students at one grade level were common to other science texts at the same or different grade levels. 相似文献
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秦敬 《宜宾师范高等专科学校学报》2008,(8):80-82
在当代文学诗歌教学中,“期待视城”每一环节的转换、倒错、阻塞都会形成“期待受挫”,从而导致学生的诗歌文本解读欣赏活动无法进行。因此,教师帮助学生克服受挫,是调整其既定心理图式,重建宽阔、动态发展的期待视域,以便其能更深入地解读文本的开始。而“期待受挫”及其克服需要从三个层次即文体期待、意象期待、意蕴期待上逐层展开。 相似文献
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Using detailed data from a unique survey of high school graduates in Germany, we document a gender gap in expected full-time earnings of more than 15%. We decompose this early gender gap and find that especially differences in coefficients help explain different expectations. In particular, the effects of having time for family as career motive and being first-generation college student are associated with large penalties in female wage expectations exclusively. This is especially true for higher expected career paths. Resulting expected returns to education are associated with college enrollment of women and could thus entrench subsequent gaps in realized earnings. 相似文献
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针对属性权重完全未知且属性值为模糊变量的模糊多属性决策问题,提出了一种基于离差最大化模型的决策方法.该方法运用模糊变量的期望值、模糊变量之间的距离等概念,建立了一个模糊期望值模型,然后结合模糊模拟技术求解此模型得到属性的权重,再根据模糊综合评价值的期望值对方案进行排序.最后把该法应用于信息系统投资项目的评价问题. 相似文献
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高中生高等教育需求的经济动因分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文通过估计高中生期望的高等教育回报率及其高等教育需求的影响,检验了人力资本理论的基本假设。研究表明,高中生对高等教育的市场回报率有比较准确的预期,他们的高等教育需求也受其期望的高等教育回报率的显著影响。个体的高等教育需求与人力资本理论的解释是一致的,即个体对高等教育的需求,受高等教育的经济回报所激励。 相似文献
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Kenneth D. Hopkins 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(4):352-355
Formulas are derived for computing the chi-square statistic from proportions or percentages, both for tests of goodness of fit and association. The advantages of the new formulas are: (1) computation is conceptually more congruent with the hypothesis being tested; (2) interpretation is facilitated (expected frequencies and discrepancies in frequencies are a function of sample size, whereas expected proportions and corresponding discrepancies are not); and (3) computation is facilitated in contingency tables since expected proportions do not need to be determined separately for each cell. 相似文献
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Marjorie Rhodes 《Child development》2012,83(6):1900-1916
Four studies examined children’s (ages 3–10, Total N = 235) naïve theories of social groups, in particular, their expectations about how group memberships constrain social interactions. After introduction to novel groups of people, preschoolers (ages 3–5) reliably expected agents from one group to harm members of the other group (rather than members of their own) but expected agents to help members of both groups equally often. Preschoolers expected between‐group harm across multiple ways of defining social groups. Older children (ages 6–10) reliably expected agents to harm members of the other group and to help members of their own. Implications for the development of social cognition are discussed. 相似文献
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张卫国 《宁夏师范学院学报》1997,18(6):6-10
本文建立了二次效用极大的证券组合优化模型，研究了各种优化模型的算法，得到了最好证券组合的期望收益率，风险，期望效用及投资比例计算公式。 相似文献
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余意梦婷 《南宁职业技术学院学报》2015,(1):97-100
桂林红色旅游外宣资料汉英翻译的相对落后,在某种程度上阻碍了其国际市场的发展。为了解决这一难题,译者应针对其外宣资料的特点,采取以异化为主、归化为辅的翻译原则,尽可能地保留中国历史文化的特色。同时,要考虑到外国游客的期待视野和接受程度,适当运用增译、删译和加注等翻译方法。另外译者还要把握好自己的政治立场,力争用平实、客观、公正的语言向外国游客传递中国的红色文化。 相似文献