共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 578 毫秒
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刘卓雄 《宁德师专学报(自然科学版)》2011,23(1):1-3
对数学解题研究的相关成果进行了综合、归纳和梳理,揭示数学解题以及数学解题过程的本质;总结出影响数学解题的五大要素为：知识、思维方法、经验、元认知和非智力因素.并围绕影响数学解题的五要素展开进一步的探讨.文章列出数学解题研究的纲目,以探索数学解题及其过程的规律. 相似文献
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安建平 《山西师大学报(社会科学版)》2004,(Z1)
本文在初步研究相关理论的基础上,基于高职数学解题教学的现状分析与高职一年级学生数学解题的现状,提出数学解题思维模式及有效的思维策略.以高职数学教材为材料,采用适当的教学措施,在高职一年级数学解题教学中进行思维策略训练,探讨结合数学解题教学进行解题思维策略训练的可行性和有效性,培养学生学习数学的兴趣,从而提高学生的数学解题能力. 相似文献
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数学解题思维是解题者对特定数学问题及其求解过程由感性到理性的认识活动.作为特定的数学思维,数学解题思维由解题者基于解题实践活动将其所拥有的数学知识与个人经验予以充分的融合、内化,产生新的认知结构并据此凝结成一种有助于解题理论和解题实践相互促进的一种复合性思维,这种思维是解题者数学素养中高阶能力的表征.中小学数学解题教学所出现的若干问题本质上都与学生数学解题思维训练不足或不当有关,深化中小学数学课程与教学改革,应当注意分析数学解题思维的深层内涵,充分挖掘其作为数学解题教学的本体功能. 相似文献
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解题教学历来是数学教学的中心,解题作为数学教学的主要手段备受国内外专家、学者和教师的青睐,解题能够加深对数学概念的理解,解题能够提高学生对数学定理、公式的应用能力,解题能够培养数学思维,有助于解决实际问题能力的形成,通过对解题思维方法的分析还能够形成和掌握正确的数学思想方法,它是学习数学、研究数学的金钥匙． 相似文献
5.
数学解题的有意义学习 总被引：17，自引：5，他引：17
解决数学问题的学习是寻求解决数学问题方法的一种心理活动，是一种高级形式的学习活动，数学解题学习是有意义发现学习的数学解题认识观，数学的解题认知结构由解题知识结构，思维结构和解题元认知结构组成，“理解题意和解题回顾”是数学解题有意义学习的最重要环节。 相似文献
6.
李祎 《教育研究与评论(中学教育教学版)》2009,(8):79-79
解题是数学学习的中心。在单先生看来,学习数学主要就是学习解题。需要说明的是,单先生所谓的"解题",是广义上的数学解题,即不仅包括常规意义上的解题训练,也包括以问题形式而开展的公式、定理的教学。解题是一门实践性的学问。要想有效地学会解题,提高解题能力和数学水平,就必须亲自进行解题实践。当然,强调数学解题实践,重在强调解题者的思维参与,意在凸显解题的过程 相似文献
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数学解题经验的学习,是数学学习的重要内容。教师应当引导学生对解题过程、解题方法、解题规律进行归纳和总结,才能使数学解题经验变为学生自己的知识财富。 相似文献
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数学抽象是数学核心素养的重要组成部分，是学生理解数学知识、提炼数学问题、解决数学问题的关键.在初中数学教学中，教师需认真学习新课程理念，立足数学抽象素养和解题的内在联系，优化和完善解题教学模式，不断提升学生的数学解题能力.为此，文章通过基于“探索三角形全等条件”的解题教学实践，从融入数学思想解决问题、巧妙搭建辅助线解题、加强数学思维训练、强化数学符号转化训练、强化学生数学审题能力等方面入手，探索数学抽象下的解题教学策略，以此强化学生的数学抽象素养，提升学生的数学解题能力. 相似文献
9.
汤晓燕 《中学数学研究(江西师大)》2011,(4):13-16
著名数学教育理论家波利亚曾经强调：数学教学的本质在于使学生学会解题．他结合自己数十年的教学与科研经验,提炼出了分析和解决数学问题的一般规律和方法,明确了“怎样解题”的4个步骤：弄清问题、拟订解题计划、实现解题计划、回顾反思等。为了经由解题提高数学素养,数学解题教学中不能忽视解题“回顾反思”这个环节． 相似文献
10.
解题是学生学习和掌握数学知识的主要方式和途径.本文将就初中数学解题策略进行探索,以为广大初中数学教师提供有益的借鉴.数学解题策略是在元认知的作用下,根据数学解题变量、变量间的关系及变化安排、执行、修正与达到解题目标相关的一系列步骤与过程,它既包括内隐的数学解题规则系统,也包括外显的数学解题方法与技巧, 相似文献
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儿童数学认知障碍不仅涉及到多项认知成分和心理过程的作用机制,还涉及到诸如前额叶皮层等认知神经机制。执行功能是对个体的意识和行为进行监督和控制的各种操作过程,与数学认知能力的发展有着密切的联系。执行功能可以从认知神经机制、工作记忆机制、抑制控制机制以及问题解决等方面对儿童数学认知障碍进行预测和解释。 相似文献
12.
Jean Julo 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1990,5(3):255-272
The concept of instability of representation, which has developed from observing pupils who experience difficulties whilst performing complex tasks, is used to measure the impact of a certain number of hints given in order to help solve mathematical problems. The purpose of these hints is to neutralize the effect of superficial elements of information and to anchor the representation which the subject forms of the problem to be solved. The hints used in the experiments fall into two categories: the simultaneous presentation of several variants of the problem, and the accomplishment of recognition tasks in the course of the solving process. The possibility of intervening during the cognitive functioning of the pupil by allowing him maximum autonomy in his choice and application of the solving process is questioned both from a didactic and a psychological point of view. 相似文献
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Foong Pui Yee 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》1993,13(1):61-69
The taxonomy described in this paper was developed to investigate the process of mathematical problem solving in terms of definable behaviours. It was also used as an instrument to classify and encode behaviours in their sequence of observed occurrence during the process of mathematical problem solving. It is a behavioural analysis framework formulated to examine the “thinking-aloud” protocols of individuals for comprehensive information about the problem solving process itself, the individual differences in the behaviours of subjects and the strategies applied by each in dealing with non-routine mathematical problems. 相似文献
15.
This paper reports on a qualitative study in which three third grade students were presented with a mathematical challenge related to the volume of a cuboid. The task required the construction of containers and the enumeration of the multi-link cubes1 held by each of the containers. The study videotaped and investigated the students working as a group through potentially seven different problem solving categories, and how they dealt with the student-generated mathematical dilemmas that surfaced during their exploration of the original problem. The tapes were examined for the problem solving actions that the students demonstrated, and an analysis of the students' counting strategies and solutions explored the connection between the children's spatial structuring and their use of numerical operations in enumerating 3-D rectangular arrays of cubes. The notions of perseverance and control are considered as they emerge during autonomous problem solving and the mathematical residue that results from the developing understanding of volume is discussed.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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数学问题解决中的模式识别的研究视角,可以分为基于数学解题认知过程与解题策略角度、基于"归类"的视角、基于数学问题解决中模式识别与其他因素的关系的视角等,具体研究领域涉及几何解题中的视觉模式识别、几何问题解决中的模式识别、解代数应用题的认知模式、数学建模中的模式识别等.由于在知觉领域与问题解决领域"模式识别"的表述存在一定的混乱性,将基于数学问题解决的模式识别界定为:当主体接触到数学问题后,与自己认知结构中的某数学问题图式相匹配的思维与认知过程.并进一步通过其与"归类"的区别与联系、与"化归"的区别与联系使"基于数学问题解决的模式识别"的概念得以澄清.在范围上,把问题解决中的模式识别界定为一种思维过程的阶段或者思维策略,认为它是解题的重要组成部分,但并不是解题的全部.对于未来的展望,期望系统的理论研究、期望对学生问题解决中模式识别的认知过程与机理的实质性的研究以及对学生问题解决中模式识别的教学实验研究. 相似文献
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Hélia Jacinto Susana Carreira 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2017,15(6):1115-1136
This study offers a view on students’ technology-based problem solving activity through the lens of a theoretical model which accounts for the relationship between mathematical and technological knowledge in successful problem solving. This study takes a qualitative approach building on the work of a 13-year-old girl as an exemplary case of the nature of young students’ spontaneous mathematical problem solving with technology. The empirical data comprise digital records of her approaches to two problems from a web-based mathematical competition where she resorted to GeoGebra and an interview where she explains and describes her usual problem solving activity with this tool. Based on a proposed model for describing the processes of mathematical problem solving with technologies (MPST), the main results show that this student’s solving and expressing the solution are held from the early and continuing interplay between mathematical skills and the perception of the affordances of the tool. The analytical model offers a clear picture of the type of actions that lead to the solution of each problem, revealing the student’s ability to deal with mathematics and technology in problem solving. By acknowledging this as a case of a human-with-media in solving mathematical problems, the students’ efficient way of merging technological and mathematical knowledge is portrayed in terms of her techno-mathematical fluency. 相似文献
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When solving word problems, many children encounter difficulties in making sense of the information and integrate it into a meaningful schema. This is the fundamental phase on which subsequent problem solution depends. To better understand the processing underlying this fundamental phase, this study examined the roles of schema construction and knowledge of mathematical vocabularies in word problem solving. The participants were 139 Chinese third graders studying in Hong Kong. Path analysis showed that there were two kinds of pathways to word problem solving: language-related and number-related. In particular, reading fluency was related to word problem solving in two mediated language-related pathways: one via schema construction, the other via knowledge of mathematical vocabularies. In the number-related pathway, arithmetic concept was related to word problem solving via knowledge of mathematical vocabularies. These findings highlight the specific roles of schema construction and mathematical vocabulary in word problem solving, thereby providing useful implications of how best to support children in understanding and integrating the information from the problem. 相似文献
20.
Eckhard Klieme Jürgen Baumert 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2001,16(3):385-402
Large-scale assessments of student competencies address rather broad constructs and use parsimonious, unidimensional measurement models. Differential item functioning (DIF) in certain subpopulations usually has been interpreted as error or bias. Recent work in educational measurement, however, assumes that DIF reflects the multidimensionality that is inherent in broad competency constructs and leads to differential achievement profiles. Thus, DIF parameters can be used to identify the relative strengths and weaknesses of certain student subpopulations. The present paper explores profiles of mathematical competencies in upper secondary students from six countries (Austria, France, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, the US). DIF analyses are combined with analyses of the cognitive demands of test items based on psychological conceptualisations of mathematical problem solving. Experts judged the cognitive demands of TIMSS test items, and these demand ratings were correlated with DIF parameters. We expected that cultural framings and instructional traditions would lead to specific aspects of mathematical problem solving being fostered in classroom instruction, which should be reflected in differential item functioning in international comparative assessments. Results for the TIMSS mathematics test were in line with expectations about cultural and instructional traditions in mathematics education of the six countries. 相似文献