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1.
Sans résumé
Languages of instruction in black Africa problems of the choice and pedagogical implication
Unterrichtssprachen in Zentralafrika Problematik der Wahl und Pädagogische folgen
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2.
Conclusion Change is not an abnormal or even intermittent state in education. It is an essential and permanent part of any system. True, the rate of change may be greater or less at different times but it is always present in some measure. Change at the present time in English education is rapid and, if a mere list is to be avoided, some of the trends and developments have to be omitted from a short account. Partly the movement is a reflection of the rate at which society as a whole is changing, partly the result of a belief that the system as at present constituted does not entirely meet the needs of contemporary society, even less the society of the future in which the children now at school will be adults and earn their livings. We shall have to run quite fast to stay in the same place. We shall have to run even faster if we want to get anywhere else.
Neue Tendenzen und Entwicklungen im Primar- und Sekundarschulwesen in England
Tendances et developpements recents dans l'enseignement primaire et secondaire en Angleterre
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3.
The 1000 primary school students in this study included a minority population of nine deaf children. The underlying foundation of this mainstream environment allowed for accommodations, but only to the extent that the non‐deaf majority was not overtly impacted. Explicit messages of equality and implicit notions of normal were often in conflict. Deaf students learned that acceptance was granted to those who complied with the mores of the majority. The author draws on current pedagogical theory and study findings to offer four principles that will help insure a more inclusive educational experience for deaf and non‐deaf students as they are educated together: (1) care must be taken to understand the lived experience of all students; (2) consideration must be given to scheduling issues; (3) sign language interpreters must be provided for all curricular activities; and (4) all students should be acculturated in the dynamics and issues pertaining to a cross‐cultural learning experience.  相似文献   

4.
Since the war a good deal of attention has been focussed in Great Britain on the problem of transition from school to industry and further education. The writer has found himself in recent years in the position of having to conduct study groups and advise on practical approaches to these transition problems. This paper is designed to report on a number of researches and experiments which have been conducted in this field in this country. It is not meant to be exhaustive nor are the events necessarily recorded chronologically. They are reported to show the development of a policy and at the same time the writer wishes to pay tribute to a great deal of work which has been done especially in the field of social adjustment to industry and commerce.
Der Übergang von der Schule zur Industrie und zur Weiterbildung
Passage de L'ecole a L'industrie et a L'education Complementaire
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5.
This article examines the objective possibilities of Swedish schools to offer an equal and functional pedagogical practice for students’ acquisition of knowledge and skills. The data consist of policy documents, observations, and interviews with students, teachers, and head teachers in three educational settings distinguished by different social demographics. The focus allows for a comparative understanding of how tangible objects generate formations of schools as a relational phenomenon depending on geographic location and social background of students. The article indicates that the impact of materiality lies in its preceding power. It shapes the condition of institutions visualised in architecture, buildings, and the quality of and design of facilities and artefacts. From this material root emanates schools’ values, appeal, social status, and pedagogical organisations – school effects – that empower or weaken the school’s attraction and self-confidence. Different materialities influence each school’s institutional habitus, producing school effects with unequal educational outcomes.  相似文献   

6.
The importance of care for learners is recognised as fundamental of teaching: it is argued that teaching equally requires a care for knowledge. Within a realist theory, to care for knowledge, moreover, must involve taking into account its relationship to the real world. The implications of this ontological consideration are worked out with particular reference to Bourdieu's theory that social reproduction is effected in educational contexts where the arbitrary knowledge of the school is experienced, particularly by working-class students, as symbolic violence. The “universal pedagogy” advocated by Bourdieu may need, in fact, to be based on a scientific realism in which the definitive knowledge of the school is regarded not as arbitrary but as necessary. The case for a realist approach, reflecting the different classed, gendered, and cultural origins of students, is made in the context of a secondary school science lesson observed by the New Zealand longitudinal Progress at School project.  相似文献   

7.
Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag berichtet über einige übergreifende gesellschaftliche Rahmenentwicklungen im Bereich von Kindergarten und Grundschule (Schülerzahlen, mütterliche Erwerbst?tigkeit, Alleinerziehende. Gestaltungsautonomie) und diskutiert die m?glichen Auswirkungen dieser Entwicklungen auf zukünftige Ver?nderungen im Bereich von Kindergarten und Grundschule sowie die Verzahnung dieser beiden Bereiche.
Summary Development in Kindergarten and Primary School The article considers some general societal structural developments in the areas of kindergarten and primary school (number of students in the classroom, maternal employment, single parenting, school autonomy). It also discusses the possible effects of these developments on future changes in the areas of kindergarten and primary school, as well as the integration of these two sectors.
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8.
The proliferation of broadband mobile devices, which many students bring to school with them as mobile phones, makes the widespread adoption of AR pedagogies a possibility, but pedagogical, distribution, and training models are needed to make this innovation an integrated part of education, This paper employs Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) to argue for a participatory model of scaling by key stakeholders groups (students, teachers, researchers, administrators), and demonstrates through various cases how ARIS (arisgames.org) — a free, open-source tool for educators to create and disseminate mobile AR learning experiences — may be such a model.  相似文献   

9.
The tendency to generalize from specific experiences leading to new, more abstract concepts is a natural aspect of human thought. Generalizations are the end result of an inductive process that begins with the identification of similarities in seemingly disparate situations. It is the existence of such generalizations that makes it possible for us to understand each other and the world around us. It is pedagogically weak to present generalizations to students and expect them to know how and when to apply them. On the other hand if students experience the inductive process in classrooms and discover generalizations, they are likely to remember and use this process when tackling other problems. The authors illustrate the pedagogical value of such an approach and the interdisciplinary nature of the inductive process by reflecting on teaching practices in English literature and mathematics in a high school classroom. In particular the authors reflect on how the inductive process was applied to four short stories and four problem-solving situations, which resulted in high school students arriving at generalizations that characterized the stories and the problems. A conceptual model that illustrates how inductive processes facilitate generalizations in the classroom is presented.  相似文献   

10.
Interest in progressive education ideas has often been accompanied by advocacy for greater use of interdisciplinary and holistic learning approaches, as these are considered beneficial in conceptual, curriculum, and pedagogical terms. The paper reviews the possibilities for progress on this basis and contextualises the paper around three concurrent watershed moments in Scottish education: the end of the five-year programme implementation phase of a Curriculum for Excellence; the half-century anniversary of comprehensive schooling (1965–2015); and the centennial anniversary of the publication of Democracy in Education by John Dewey. Following a brief outlining of the Scottish policy context, the paper analyses the influence of Dewey on conceptions of curriculum integration and interdisciplinary learning and their connections with curriculum planning, effective pedagogical practices, and whole school reforms. Analysis describes the areas of conceptual clarity required and reviews how exactly versions of interdisciplinary learning might operate in practice. It is argued that the learner-led ideals championed by Dewey can still provide guidance and traction to help ensure that policy and practice gains are more than modest and variable. However, progress is likely to be greatest if school organisational changes accompany alterations to the curriculum and pedagogical culture in schools.  相似文献   

11.
Natural acceleration happens through an internal fire that burns to learn and may transcend school boundaries. Based on their passionate interests and connections with a domain, children who hunger for domain understandings outside school curricula require different types of acceleration, motivated by these interests. The lifeworks, domains, and interests of two eminent Brazilian brothers, Walter and Roberto Burle Marx, represent different creative trajectories. Examining childhood experiences that helped them accomplish their endeavors finds major differences in their early education. Both boys reported that their real education was through pursuit of their passions wherein they hungered for expertise, not through school. Though acceleration in school subjects certainly benefits some students, careful observation and honoring of young children's passions allows natural acceleration steered by the student, rather than school personnel, which may lead to greater possibilities of attaining high levels of creativity.  相似文献   

12.
In an innovative, progressive school, students were asked to solve a fairly routine mathematical problem using real money in a “real-world” scenario. Even though the school values students’ ideas, the reaction of the teacher to one student’s alternative modelling of the problem suggests that he was expecting a particular answer to be provided using routine mathematical models and thinking while not being interested in exploring the student’s unexpected alternative. We place his reasoning for doing so within broad pedagogical discourses that we think define the “allowable” responses of teachers and students in ways that inhibit meaning-making for both. These broad discourses are defined as the progressive constructivist approach, the scaffolding discursive approach, the situation modelling approach and the dialogic approach. We consider the advantages and the potential consequences each might bring to the case. We suggest that extensive consideration of pedagogical discourses in mathematics classes must be reconsidered both for how we understand students’ mathematical meaning-making and how we construct student agency in relationship to culture, whether as apprentices or authors.  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT

The author examined corporal punishment practices in the United States based on data from 362 public school principals where corporal punishment is available. Results from multiple regression analyses show that schools with multiple student violence prevention programs and teacher training programs had fewer possibilities of use corporal punishment, whereas schools that served a greater percentage of ethnic minority students and special education students had a 2.1 times greater and a 1.8 times greater likelihood of use corporal punishment, after controlling for students’ problem behavior and school characteristics. Policy implications for an equal implementation of corporal punishment practice were offered.  相似文献   

14.
This paper reports results obtained in pedagogical interventions in a Brazilian public high school which aimed at promoting a dialogue between scientific and traditional knowledge in the context of biology teaching. The interventions were based on the use of a didactic material and teaching sequence elaborated on the grounds of school knowledge about botany, as presented in biology textbooks, and interviews with students who were also farmers, so as to gather data about their ethnobiological knowledge. Our goal was to develop and test resources that can offer support for teachers who wish to build a dialogue between different ways of knowing in multicultural settings. Our results indicate that the use of the didactic material and teaching sequence indeed created possibilities for a dialogue between the students’ ethnobiological knowledge and biology school knowledge. We observed some shortcomings in classroom practice, partly reflecting our very choice of subject matter to develop the teaching sequence. But the interventions also revealed important limitations that we regard as representative of problems that may generally make multicultural science teaching a hard goal to achieve. It was clear that important shortcomings were related to teachers’ difficulties to conduct a dialogue between ways of knowing in a science classroom, and, thus, called attention to the importance of introducing a multicultural dimension into teacher education. We also observed that the fact that students did not show much sensitivity towards dealing with cultural diversity was a factor constraining the success of the interventions. These results highlight the importance of proposing and testing teacher education initiatives aiming at preparing them to teach science in a culturally sensitive manner, and also managing classroom tensions and conflicts so as to make it possible an effective dialogue between different ways of knowing in a multicultural setting.  相似文献   

15.
外语学习动机是推动外语学习的积极内部因素。本文通过问卷调查、访谈和观察等方法,对中专生英语学习动机的目的、强度、愿望和态度进行调查,并对得出的数据进行分析,进而提出培养和提高中专生英语学习动机的教学措施。  相似文献   

16.
Conclusion The problems of teacher education have not only been subjects of study for a long period, but have been so in the recent past, in reviews sponsored by Unesco, the International Bureau of Education and other bodies, official or voluntary and national or international. There has been, in these reports and reviews, an increasing attention to the social aspects of education, but there have also been two other features. Firstly, most of the studies have related to the non-graduate teacher, and secondly they have been discussions of principles, with suggestions for content, but with little if any attention to procedures.In this article the concern has been with graduate teachers, whose training is of such importance, not merely because they are responsible for secondary education, but because they are the cadre from which principals, inspectors and adminstrators come. Moreover, in addition to discussing some of the theoretical aspects of the situation, the practical procedures involved have been described and there has been some attempt to evaluate the work done.It is not claimed that this programme of social education for teachers is free from shortcomings, nor that it cannot be improved, nor that it is relevant, without modification, to places other than Ceylon. Nor is it suggested that the many and desirable changes, which are so marked a feature of educational progress in Ceylon, result only from this single factor.It can however be presented as an attempt to develop a rationale and apply a procedure in the social education of graduate teachers which has aroused the interests of its students and has flowed over into action and study which have contributed to educational improvement. It certainly has acted as an integrating factor in the work of the Department and has stimulated no little activity. Such success as it has achieved is due to the co-operative efforts of all engaged in it, both as students and staff — and their contributions are very gratefully acknowledged by the writer.
Soziologie im Rahmen der Lehrerausbildung auf Ceylon
Formation sociale des maitres à Ceylan
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17.
Conclusion This article has sought to examine university adult education in a global context and not from the standpoint of any particular national tradition. On two broad fronts the future looks promising. Universities are becoming increasingly involved in the continuing education of the members of the communities they serve, and their main preoccupation seems likely to be focused on work and role-oriented studies. This is not to deny the importance of general cultural provision, an element of adult education which also will assume greater significance as people are able to enjoy more leisure time during their working lives and longer and more secure periods of retirement. The point of debate is simply how far work of this kind is a task for universities or whether it should be the responsibility of other agencies in the community which could, of course, call upon the resources of universities.The second promising area of expansion is in the study and teaching of adult education. The acceptance of adult education as an equal partner of the educational family will accelerate the demand, already being felt in many countries, that those responsible for it must themselves be professionally prepared for their vocation. Clearly a share of this work should be undertaken by universities.
Universitäten und Erwachsenenbildung
Les universites et l'education des adultes

This article was written before the author joined UNESCO in December 1971. The views expressed are entirely his own and do not necessarily coincide with those of UNESCO.  相似文献   

18.
张艳  杨华 《怀化师专学报》2009,(12):141-143
师范院校＂集中定点＂的教育实习模式,相对于五年制定向小教大专生带来了实习与就业相脱节、实习模式单一、理论与实践相脱节的困境。为主动适应教育改革的新形势,师范院校应在五年制小教大专的教育实习的管理模式、课程设置、时间安排等方面进行全方位改革,构建新世纪＂集中—分散—再集中—再分散＂的教育实习模式。  相似文献   

19.
Students’ preparedness for higher education is seen as one of the main factors affecting first-year attrition or study success. In this paper we report on a cross-national study in which students’ preparedness for university was measured before students commenced their study at a university in New Zealand or in the Netherlands. This cross-national project provided a unique opportunity to compare students’ perceptions of readiness for university where students are prepared for higher education in quite different secondary school systems. Departing from a transition framework, and comparing the results in both countries using logistic regression techniques to investigate which aspects of readiness could predict perceived preparedness, we discovered similarities in as well as differences between students’ perceived readiness for university study. It could be argued that differences are caused by the different educational systems at secondary level. However, overall we can conclude that, in spite of differences between the educational systems in the two countries, many differences were not remarkable or very significant. This has clear implications for how we view the relative importance of secondary school preparation and tertiary induction. We can expect greater benefit from implementing first-year pedagogical practices in universities that would assist students to develop their academic skills, than from demanding that high schools prepare students better.  相似文献   

20.
通过对内蒙古三个旗县的调研,发现目前农村寄宿制中小学存在着一些问题,如寄宿生的超负荷学习和过度管制、生活条件和心理状况不良、家庭经济负担较重;寄宿制学校教师工作负担过大,学校管理面临困境等。其原因是:未能处理好农村学校的集中与分散的关系;大多数寄宿制学校尚不具备实行寄宿制的"软硬件"条件;寄宿制学校的普遍建立影响了农村薄弱学校的发展;寄宿生的经济补助数量少、覆盖面不足等。对此,应实行农村寄宿制学校与非寄宿制学校的均衡、协调发展,寄宿制学校要超前建设,保证寄宿制学校的教育资金需要,加大寄宿生的经济补助力度、扩大覆盖面。  相似文献   

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