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1.
ABSTRACT: Throughout the western world a leading example of the educational reforms that have been implemented in the late twentieth and twenty-first century is School-Based Management (SBM), a system designed to improve educational outcome through staff teamwork and self-governance. This research set out to examine the efficacy of teamwork in ten SBM-designated Arab-Bedouin elementary schools in Israel. Two explicit issues were examined: (1) What impact did SBM have on the development of teamwork among the schools' staff? (2) Does the Arab-Bedouin social-cultural context influence implementation of teamwork in SBM schools? The research method consisted of a questionnaire to which 361 teachers/school principals replied, and a semi-structured interview with 30 of the respondents. Results of this study demonstrate that true teamwork does not exist in the schools studied, despite their SBM official status, primarily because the concept of teamwork clashes with the social/cultural norms of traditional Arab-Bedouin society and thus exacerbates conflicts among staff, which then impedes implementation of SBM. In conclusion, this research recommends that for SBM to enable traditional Arab-Bedouin society to benefit from managing its own schools, broad educational changes such as this must be introduced gradually, in a customised, culturally sensitive manner. 相似文献
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Allan B. de Guzman 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2006,5(1):55-71
While it is true that SBM shapes and charts the direction of school operations, it is interesting to discuss how a developing
country like the Philippines is influenced by this reform strategy as a structural and procedural framework in managing its
system of education, particularly, its basic education sector which through the years has been criticized for its alarming
state as shown by its performance indicators rates. This paper purports to provide a panorama on how school-based management
as a restructuring framework is viewed and interpreted by the basic education sector which constitutes the largest portion
of the country’s educational system. Specifically, the eight key elements of successful SBM schools, namely: (1) an active
vision; (2) meaningful decision-making authority; (3) distribution of power; (4) development and use of knowledge and skills;
(5) collecting and communicating information; (6) rewards for progress; (7) shared leadership; and (8) cultivating resources,
were used to serve the purpose of this discourse. 相似文献
4.
Erik Lindberg 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2012,24(2):151-171
The Anglo-Saxon countries have implemented Management by Objectives (MBO) complemented with school-based management (SBM)
fairly rapidly. Although these countries are considered something of a benchmark of stability, research on principals reveals
that they experience high levels of stress and that this is associated with poorer job performance. These findings raise the
question of whether increased stress and poorer performance are the result of the new SBM role. In this article, empirical
research on Sweden is used to address this question. While Sweden has not come as far as England in the implementation of
SBM, it is farther along than other European countries. Paying specific attention to the SBM role, the article uses a qualitative
method to describe the implementation of MBO in two cases with different characteristics, one centralized and one decentralized.
A quantitative method is also used to conduct a large scale study of stress levels among all principals in upper secondary
schools in Sweden. The results indicate that the choice of whether to retain the traditional principal role, developed at
a time of centralized management by rules, or to replace it with a new SBM role influences the level of stress that principals
experience, although in different ways. The practical implications of these findings are discussed in the final section of
the paper. 相似文献
5.
Leadership style has always been a controversial topic in educational administration and management. Following the recommendation of the Education Commission to introduce school-based management (SBM) into Hong Kong schools in the early 1990s, discussions about the kind of leadership style that is appropriate for SBM schools have never ceased. The government holds a continuing belief that SBM schools work better if they are managed by “better” principals, and emphasises the value of transformational leadership. However, this paper articulates the limitations of that leadership style and argues for complementing it with educational leadership, which purports that principals have an obligation to learn with others about ways of promoting student learning. Secondly, the staff should also be encouraged and helped to carry out certain leadership functions. These arguments are supported by references to the most relevant literature. The discussion is useful to school principals, leaders, and teachers by offering them a better understanding of how to facilitate the implementation of SBM. 相似文献
6.
Yvonne Y. K. Lam 《Educational studies》2006,32(2):171-185
This paper adopts a qualitative approach to study the perceptions of six secondary teachers from two schools with a similar background and history of school‐based management (SBM). The study aims to explore the views of the teachers in the following areas: changes in school administration and the structure of the school under SBM; changes in the role of teachers and the activities of the Parent–Teacher Associations; the challenges facing principals; and teachers' worries and concerns under SBM. The study is significant as it supplements the limited number of researches on the roles of teachers and principals under SBM in Hong Kong. As serving teachers now play increasingly important roles in schools and work closely with their principals in administrative and educational matters, they can provide invaluable insights into the new era of change. 相似文献
7.
School-based management (SBM) is a potentially valuable reform mechanism in urban school districts in which each school serves
a unique mix of students drawn from a heterogeneous population. Because SBM usually relies on leadership councils that function
as the decision-making bodies for individual schools, its effectiveness as a reform mechanism ultimately depends on the quality
of these councils. This research explores how council decision-making quality is affected by five dimensions of council diversity.
Results indicate that diversity in terms of council member roles and tenure in the district is related to council decision-making
quality, while ethnic and gender diversity and diversity in council experience are unrelated to decision processes. Potential
explanations for these findings are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Data from twenty‐two case studies of schools in four North American school districts are examined to assess the process and outcomes of reform through school‐based management (SBM). The analysis is guided by a theoretical model that describes the process through which SBM can lead to school improvement. This model suggests that the formal change in governance reflected in a shift to SBM must first generate improvements in the decision making processes utilized at the school. Better decision making will enable schools to implement needed strategic and operational changes, and these together will help build an effective school culture. An improved culture, along with the strategic and operational reforms implemented at the school, will lead to changes in the behavior of staff members, which is necessary for there to be improvement in various outcomes that serve as indicators of school quality. The analysis of the case studies indicates that schools in our sample most frequently exhibited positive changes in two areas, namely, decision making processes and school culture. Strategic and operational changes were less likely to undergo positive change, as were individual behavior and school quality. However, the overall pattern of findings provides reasonable support for the general validity of the model. Furthermore, the data from this sample of schools suggest that SBM has considerable potential to elicit positive changes in schools. To help insure that such potential is realized, the findings indicate that school leaders must insure that all constituents have an opportunity to participate in school level decisions, that a vision regarding desired outcomes should be utilized to guide the implementation of strategic and operational changes, and that the process of change should be monitored in order to better identify problem areas and allow corrective action to be taken. 相似文献
9.
本文对英国和加拿大医学院校课程地图(CM)的建设现状、特征、挑战和成功的方面进行了调查研究。结果显示,已有20%的学校完成了CM的构建,而大多数院校正在着力构建中;在CM的构建中,使用了各种不同的软件;当前主要的挑战是对人力的需求、医学本体论的应用、教师发展和接口设计。 相似文献
10.
Concerns about literacy are currently high on the political agenda in the UK. With the National Literacy Strategy now in place in primary schools, attention is being focused upon how pupils in secondary schools can be supported in continuing to develop their literacy skills. In this article we will briefly consider the current state of literacy within secondary schools and the different curriculum elements that need to be part of a secondary literacy initiative. We examine the key factors, identified through research and good practice, which will influence the successful implementation of a literacy strategy within secondary schools and indicate how such factors might translate into effective practice within schools and classrooms. 相似文献
11.
Seventy‐seven empirical and case studies of the implementation of school‐based management (SBM) reported between 1985 and 1995 are reviewed in order to determine obstacles typically encountered in the early to middle stages of such implementation and promising strategies for dealing with them. Results are reported in terms of obstacles relevant to teachers, principals, parents and the wider community, site councils, schools as a whole, and district administrators. These results are discussed in terms of the potential role for SBM in the creation of “high involvement” schools. 相似文献
12.
This article reports the use of a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique as a means of exploring our understanding of the leadership of Heads of Subject Departments within School Based Management (SBM) secondary schools in Hong Kong. Arguments made by Gronn (1999, 2000), Spillane et al. (2001) suggest that studies of leadership need to focus more on a distributed model rather than seeing leadership as residing solely in the titular head of the organisation. Other recent studies (Busher & Harris 1999; Harris 2001) have examined the role of middle managers. This article explores SEM as a means of offering important measurement and insight in this complex area. The structural models generated and presented support a new integrative model of the leadership activities and behaviours of the HODs within SBM secondary schools in Hong Kong. Some initial findings (Au 2003) are reported based on a return rate of 83% from a dataset of 2739 teachers, HODs, school principals and vice- principals taken from a sample of 110 government and non-government SBM secondary schools in Hong Kong. 相似文献
13.
Rosalind Levačić 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(3):331-350
This paper reviews the evidence on the impact of six years of local management of schools in England. Introduced into all parts of the UK except Scotland, as one of the key measures in the Education Reform Act (1988), local management of schools is a particular and limited version of the school‐based management (SBM) model. The paper starts by considering the theoretical basis for the links between SBM and local management on the one hand, and improved school performance in terms of educational outcomes on the other. It then reviews evidence on the impact of local management at the level of the school system, on school management, and against the criteria of efficiency, effectiveness and equity. The findings of research on the impact of local management, in particular the lack of firm evidence of consequential improved educational outcomes for pupils, is then interpreted in terms of the theoretical basis of local management. 相似文献
14.
In their struggle to improve student learning, many developing countries are introducing school-based management (SBM) reforms that provide cash-grants to school councils. School councils are expected to work collaboratively and decide on the best use of the funds. In this paper, we study the effects of one such program in Mexico on student outcomes. We complement the differences-in-differences analysis by qualitatively exploring program implementation. Results suggest the program had substantial positive effects on third grade Spanish test scores, with most benefits accruing to schools receiving SBM cash grants for the first time. These results are robust to alternative model specifications. The implementation analysis suggests school councils did monitor grant use, but parental participation did not significantly improve in other areas. Our findings suggest that the observed positive program effects are likely to be the result of providing schools with financial resources to meet pressing equipment, material, and infrastructure needs. 相似文献
15.
Evidence suggests (Ofsted, 2007) that the role of the Subject Leader is crucial in how well poetry is taught in schools. This paper attempts to provide some insights on “what it is like” to coordinate poetry teaching in a primary school. Some of the data confirm elements of the findings from earlier research on the state of poetry in schools, particularly concerning space in the curriculum, teacher subject knowledge and personal interest in poetry. However, we attempt to show that, much to the surprise of some of the Subject Leaders, where poetry teaching in the participants’ schools was perceived to be successful it was often nourished by the combined enthusiasm and ‘zeal’ of the teachers and children experiencing poetry together, which in turn was maintained by an empowering synergy of professional/personal pleasure and engagement with poetic texts experienced by some of the teachers while in school. 相似文献
16.
中小学研学旅行作为研究性学习与旅行体验相结合的校外活动课程,在课程实施过程中容易产生“只旅不学”或“只学不旅”的问题,构建研学旅行课程实施评价指标是解决这一问题的突破口。为此,以课程要素分析为理论框架,根据我国中小学研学旅行政策文本,从准备要素、设计要素、过程要素、结果要素和反馈要素五个维度构建中小学研学旅行课程实施评价体系,为研学旅行课程设计、实施、评价提供理论和实践参考。 相似文献
17.
Bandur Agustinus Hamsal Mohammad Furinto Asnan 《Educational Research for Policy and Practice》2022,21(1):85-107
Educational Research for Policy and Practice - Since 2001, Indonesian schools have implemented a mandatory school-based management (SBM) policy for better quality education in general and more... 相似文献
18.
Rebecca K. Frels Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie Rebecca M. Bustamante Yvonne Garza Judith A. Nelson Mary Nichter Elsa Soto Leggett 《Psychology in the schools》2013,50(6):618-633
Over the last decade, community leaders have connected with students through school‐based mentoring (SBM) programs (e.g., adults who mentor at‐risk students). However, research in the area of SBM is only on the cusp of understanding relationship elements for impacting youth. In this collective case study, we examined the perceptions and experiences of 11 selected mentors in dyadic relationships (i.e., mentee and mentor) to understand better ways to retain and to engage mentors for longer‐lasting mentoring relationships, providing a sense of connectedness for students. Specifically, we investigated purposes and approaches of mentoring through the voices and experiences of mentors working with elementary‐aged students in SBM. Results revealed self‐sustaining synergy within the dyads (with little or no program support) and themes of consistency, commitment, spirituality, playfulness, the use of self‐disclosure, creativity, and emphasis on the present. In addition, implications for cross‐cultural and, in particular, cross‐age mentoring are discussed. One exemplar case illustrates specific profile characteristics used to bridge age, gender, and cultural differences. 相似文献
19.
Rachel Phillips 《Educational Action Research》2013,21(1):85-102
This article presents findings from a 2-year reflexive action research study of a cohort-based Master's degree program in literacy for practicing teachers. Questions revolved around whether and how the program brought about changes in candidates' conceptions about literacy, expertise in literacy, and leadership/activist skills to foster equity in their classrooms and schools. Faculty used data from action research to make cyclical changes to the program each semester. Data sources included candidate interviews, e-mail correspondence, course notes, classroom observations, questionnaires and a survey. The candidates own evolving action research projects within their schools also became data sources. A qualitative analysis suggests that the program was generally successful in meeting its goals. The elements of the program contributing to its success were: the evolving program design based on action research data; the collegiality of the cohort; broadening conceptions of literacy; learning action research; and developing leadership skills. Factors contributing to factors around which candidates failed to meet these goals are also explored. 相似文献
20.
Janet H. Chrispeels Salvador Castillo Janet Brown 《School Effectiveness & School Improvement》2013,24(1):20-56
A number of studies have analyzed the factors that influence successful site-based management (SBM), but none has examined the relationships among those factors or their predictive value. In California, school leadership teams (SLTs) represent an aspect of school based management that is teacher-led and oriented to curriculum and school reform. The teams do not operate within the context of a prescribed programmatic formula and are not encumbered by personnel and budgeting decisions as are SBM committees. They receive training to learn to work together to improve teaching and learning at their schools with the goal of affecting student outcomes. To try to understand which factors are predictive of effective SLTs, we analyzed survey data from 71 elementary and 71 secondary SLTs that had received 1 full year of training. Using path analysis, we tested a model that identified the relationships among the factors that are most likely to influence the team's ability to focus on teaching and learning. The strongest predictor of their ability to focus on this important variable was the use of data collected within the school to identify needs and guide future decisions. Our findings also advanced our understanding of how SLTs work and revealed: (1) the importance of developing team skills in problem-solving as a predictor of many other positive relations; (2) the significance of strong professional relations as a predictor of positive district relations, use of data, and a focus on teaching and learning; and (3) the paradox of teams needing to hear parent and student voices and, at the same time, coping with the negative effect on professional relations if they are present on the team. 相似文献