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在人教版高三生物（选修）第五章“微生物的代谢”一小节中，提到了微生物的两种代谢产物，即初级代谢产物和次级代谢产物。由于教材中并没有给较多的篇幅加以介绍，学习中存在一定难度，现总结如下。 相似文献
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糖类、脂质和蛋白质是人和动物体内最重要的三大营养物质。它们的代谢过程和关系比较复杂,同学们往往不能很好地掌握。本期专门就这部分内容作一归纳、总结,以便同学们更好地掌握这一高中难点知识。 相似文献
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蛋白质分解代谢是生物化学中较为难懂的一章,本文对该章重点内容的教学方法提出了自己的看法。蛋白质的营养作用采用启发式教学;氨基酸的一般代谢和氨的代谢则详细讲解后以谷氨酸为中心进行总结归纳;氨基酸的特殊代谢可将重点内容点到为止。这样不仅能让学生掌握知识,抓住重点,也能锻炼和提高学生的是学习能力。 相似文献
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糖类、脂质和蛋白质是人和动物体内最重要的三大营养物质。它们的代谢过程和关系比较复杂,同学们往往不能很好地掌握。本期专门就这部分内容作一归纳、总结,以便同学们更好地掌握这一高中难点知识。 相似文献
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《淮北师范大学学报》2015,(3)
运动干预多靶点的防治机理仍不甚明晰,这与传统思维下的实验方法不足有一定关系.系统生物学思维指导下的代谢组学研究具有明显的方法学优势.文章采用文献综述和前瞻性分析相结合,对代谢组学及其在糖尿病研究中的应用、运动代谢组学的提出、运动干预代谢问题的研究现状进行总结归纳,并就运动改善慢性病的代谢紊乱机制及相关生物标记物的广阔研究前景进行述评. 相似文献
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植物次生代谢 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
戴勋 《昭通师范高等专科学校学报》2002,24(5):35-38
论述了植物次生代谢和次生代谢物的基本概念 ,以及植物次生代谢途径和植物次生代谢物的生理功能 相似文献
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Relationship between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Chen LY Zhu WH Chen ZW Dai HL Ren JJ Chen JH Chen LQ Fang LZ 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2007,8(8):593-598
Objective: To investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia. Methods: A total of 2 374 subjects who received health examination in our hospital from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2006 were enrolled in our study. Hyperuricemia is defined as ≥7 mg/dl (in men) or ≥6.0 mg/dl (in women). Metabolic syndrome was defined using AHA/NHLBI (American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) criteria. Results: (1) The overall prevalence of hyperuricemia was 13.10%. The condition was more common in men than in women (19.07% vs 3.42%). (2) Among men, uric acid concentration is statistically significantly positively correlated with waist circumference, blood pressure, and triglyceride. Uric acid is negatively correlated with serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Uric acid concentration is most strongly correlated with serum triglyceride (r=0.379) and waist circumference (r=0.297). Among women, statistically significant positive correlations were noted for the serum uric acid concentrations with waist circumference, triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose. Serum triglyceride (r=0.329) and waist circumference (r=0.234) are most strongly correlated with uric acid concentrations. (3) Men with hyperuricemia had a 1.634-fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome as compared with those without hyperuricemia odds ratio (OR)=1.634, P=0.000. Women with hyperuricemia had a 1.626-fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=1.626, P=0.000) as compared with those without hyperuricemia. Conclusion: Hyperuricemia is prevalent among Chinese population. Additionally, serum uric acid is positively associated with metabolic syndrome. 相似文献
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概乳腺癌已居我国女性恶性肿瘤死亡率首位。近来研究表明,乳腺肿瘤组织内有少量具有自我更新和分化潜能的肿瘤干细胞,这些肿瘤干细胞在乳腺癌发生、发展、转移及复发过程中起关键作用。深入研究乳腺癌干细胞的调控机制对乳腺癌的预防和治疗具有十分重要意义。本文综合近期的研究成果,概括了表观遗传修饰和代谢重编程对上皮间质转化及乳腺癌干细胞的调控机制,且系统地分析与总结了表观遗传修饰、代谢重编程、上皮间质转化和乳腺癌干细胞之间的相互关系。 相似文献
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Role of exosome-associated microRNA in diagnostic and therapeutic applications to metabolic disorders 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zhen-yu Yao Wen-bin Chen Shan-shan Shao Shi-zhan Ma Chong-bo Yang Meng-zhu Li Jia-jun Zhao Ling Gao 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2018,19(3):183-198
Metabolic disorders are classified clinically as a complex and varied group of diseases including metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Fat toxicity, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress, which may change cellular functions, are considered to play an essential role in the pathogenetic progress of metabolic disorders. Recent studies have found that cells secrete nanoscale vesicles containing proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and membrane receptors, which mediate signal transduction and material transport to neighboring and distant cells. Exosomes, one type of such vesicles, are reported to participate in multiple pathological processes including tumor metastasis, atherosclerosis, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Research on exosomes has focused mainly on the proteins they contain, but recently the function of exosome-associated microRNA has drawn a lot of attention. Exosomeassociated microRNAs regulate the physiological function and pathological processes of metabolic disorders. They may also be useful as novel diagnostics and therapeutics given their special features of non-immunogenicity and quick extraction. In this paper, we summarize the structure, content, and functions of exosomes and the potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of exosome-associated microRNAs in the treatment of metabolic disorders. 相似文献
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Fatemeh Rostamkhani Homeira Zardooz Saleh Zahediasl Babak Farrokhi 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2012,13(11):904-912
This study was aimed to compare the effects of acute and chronic psychological stress on metabolic factors. Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into control and stressed groups. Stress was applied by a communication box acutely (1 d) and chronically (15 and 30 d). Blood sampling was carried out by retro-orbital-puncture method. The plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and corticosterone were measured. In addition, feed and water intake, latency to eat and drink, adrenal and body weights were determined. Acute and chronic psychological stress did not significantly change basal plasma corticosterone levels. However, immediately (1 min) after acute exposure to stress, plasma corticosterone level increased compared to that before stress exposure. Acute stress increased plasma insulin levels significantly. Fifteen days of stress exposure resulted in plasma glucose increase. Chronic stress significantly increased feed intake, latency to eat, and adrenal weight compared to acute stress. The body weights of both control and stressed groups increased markedly during the experiment. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index did not change significantly in the stressed group. In conclusion, application of acute and chronic psychological stress leads to different metabolic and/or behavioral changes but the metabolic changes resulting from acute exposure to stress seem to be more pronounced. 相似文献
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Chen ZW Chen LY Dai HL Chen JH Fang LZ 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2008,9(8):616-622
Objective:To investigate the relationship between alanine aminotransferase (ALT)levels and metabolic syndrome (MS)in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods:A total of 26527 subjects who received medical health checkup in our hospital from January 2005 to July 2007 were enrolled in the study.The diagnosis of fatty liver was based on ultrasound imaging.MS Was defined according to the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ.ALT,triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),height,weight,waist circumference(WC),systolic blood pressure (SBP)and diastolic blood pressure(DBP)were measured in each subject to analyze the relationship between MS and ALT activity.Results:(1)The prevalence of NAFLD in men(30.94%)was significantly higher than that in women(15.65%);(2)The incidence of MS in NAFLD(33.83%)was significantly greater than that in non-NAFLD(10.62%);(3)Of the 6470 subjects with NAFLD,in the age-adjusted partial correlation analysis,there were statistically significant correlations between the ALT levels and most metabolic risk factors in each sex(P＜0.01),except that ALT levels had no correlation with HDL-c in women.Moreover,in the multiple stepwise regression analysis,SBP lost its significance,and WC,body mass index(BMI),age,DBP,TG and FPG were independently associated with ALT levels in both sexes (P＜0.05).HDL-c remained significant and was independently related to ALT leveis in men;(4)ALT levels were significantly higher in subjects with MS compared to those without MS(P＜0.001).Mean ALT levels increased with the number of MS cornponents in each sex (P.＜0.05 for trend).Conelusion:We found a strong relationship between ALT leveIs and MS in NAFLD and revealed that the cluster of MS components might be the predictor for ALT elevations. 相似文献
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缪云根 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2002,3(3)
The economic importance of silkworm has moved biologists to explore various intricate mechanisms of the action of vertebrate hormones. The dietary administration of several vertebrate hormones and prostaglandins enhanced both developmental and metabolic processes of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. The main objective of sericulture research is to apply the results to achieve superior quality silk and greater output, to apply lab findings to achieve desirable ecenomic results. 相似文献
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Li-jiang Tang Jian-jun Jiang Xiao-feng Chen Jian-an Wang Xian-fang Lin Yu-xi Du Cong-feng Fang Zhao-xia Pu 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2010,11(8):592-598
Objective:Uric acid(UA) is considered to be a powerful predictor of cardiovascular risk and hyperuricemia might be involved in the metabolic syndrome(MS).This study aims to investigate the relation between UA levels and aortic root dilatation.Methods:A total of 348 hypertensive patients [age(67.5±9.8) years] with or without MS were included in the study.The aortic root diameters at the aortic annulus,the sinuses of Valsalva,the sinotubular junction,and the proximal part of the ascending aorta were measured using a two-dimensional(2D) echocardiography.Serum UA levels were also measured for all patients.Results:A high UA level is independently associated with aortic root diameters at the sinuses of Valsalva(P=0.001) and the proximal ascending aorta(P0.0001) in the hypertensive patients without MS.In contrast,aortic root diameters were not significantly related to UA levels in the hypertensive patients with MS.Furthermore,increased UA levels were associated with an increased risk for aortic root dilatation in the patients without MS(sex-adjusted hazard ratio 1.75,95% confidence intervals(CI) 1.27-2.41),but not in those with MS.Conclusions:This study demonstrated an independent relationship between the aortic root dimensions and increased levels of serum UA in the hypertensive patients without MS.Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying these associations may allow a clearer interpretation of the potential value of specific urate-lowering treatment on cardiovascular disease. 相似文献
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Chun Pang Yu-chen Sheng Ping Jiang Hai Wei Li-li Ji 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2015,16(7):602-610
Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenolic compound, is abundant in fruits, dietary vegetables, and some medicinal herbs. This study investigated the prevention of CGA against acetaminophen (AP)-induced hepatotoxicity and its engaged mechanisms. CGA reversed the decreased cell viability induced by AP in L-02 cells in vitro. In addition, CGA reduced the AP-induced increased serum levels of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) in vivo. The effect of CGA on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymatic (CYP2E1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4) activities showed that CGA caused very little inhibition on CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 enzymatic activities, but not CYP3A4. The measurement of liver malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glutathione (GSH) levels showed that CGA prevented AP-induced liver oxidative stress injury. Further, CGA increased the AP-induced decreased mRNA expression of peroxiredoxin (Prx) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, epoxide hydrolase (Ephx) 2, and polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide K (Polr2k), and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). In summary, CGA ameliorates the AP-induced liver injury probably by slightly inhibiting CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 enzymatic properties. In addition, cellular important antioxidant signals such as Prx1, 2, 3, 5, 6, Ephx2, Polr2k, and Nrf2 also contributed to the protection of CGA against AP-induced oxidative stress injury. 相似文献