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1.
RICHARD C. RANK CARL E. THORESEN RICHARD M. SMITH 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1972,11(4):270-278
Can the planned social modeling of affective, group-focused, personal responses significantly increase such group behaviors in counselor trainees? In the study reported here 32 counselor trainees were randomly assigned to four practicum discussion groups: two video social model groups, one video lecture group, and one discussion group (eight in each group). Pre- and post-response frequencies were analyzed from audiotapes of the counseling groups to study type of delivery, content, process, and focus. Social modeling treatment significantly increased the response frequencies on all measures, while insignificant changes were generally found for the video lecture and group discussion treatments. Questions about social modeling variables and the usefulness of planned modeling in training are considered. 相似文献
2.
SHARON E. ROBINSON THOMAS C. FROEHLE DEWAYNE J. KURPIUS 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1979,18(4):251-259
This study addressed the effectiveness and efficiency issues in a self-instructional learning activity in counselor training. The study specifically examined three media (written, audio, and video) of model and of self-generated performance feedback presentation. There were no differences in trainee production of counselor tacting response leads because of media of model or media of performance feedback presentation. Results, however, did indicate that learning is significantly enhanced when a written performance feedback component is added to a written modeling component. The same did not hold true for audio and video presentations. The implications of these cost- and labor-efficient instructional packages are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Elizabeth A. Prosek Rebecca E. Michel 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2016,38(1):61-76
In this qualitative inquiry, we studied the lived experiences of counselor trainees who participated in a short-term study abroad program in Dublin, Ireland. It was found that counselor trainees self-reported transformative growth as a result of their cultural immersion. Specifically, counselor trainees identified an increase in cultural self-awareness, other awareness, and global connection. The implications of applying transformative learning theory and the Multicultural Immersion Experience model to guide cultural immersion programs are discussed. 相似文献
4.
FREDERICK G. LOPEZ 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1985,24(3):307-316
Early counselor training has traditionally stressed acquisition of basic listening skills while underemphasizing instruction in specific problem-solving competencies. This bias may be partly responsible for such frequently observed supervision issues as counselor anxiety, inefficient counselor management of interview time, inadequate problem clarification, and premature intervention. Models for conducting brief, problem-focused counseling seem well-suited for teaching trainees the verbal skills and structuring methods that promote efficient problem clarification and resolution. The purposes of this article are to present one such model, to identify its skills requirements, and to discuss the advantages of using this model in practicum training. 相似文献
5.
The purpose of this study was to assess whether counselor trainees who received training in identifying and producing 10 response types as well as training that emphasized when to use the response types would be more effective in using responding skills than trainees who received only training in identifying and producing response types. Thirty-two master's level counselor trainees from a large midwestern university participated in a three-session training workshop and responded to three dependent measures developed to assess effectiveness in using response types along three dimensions: (a) identification, (b) performance, and (c) evaluation. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences between treatment groups. Treatment seemed to decrease the extent to which counselor trainees questioned the client and expressed their own opinions and values during counseling interviews and increase the extent to which trainees used action-oriented statements aimed at encouraging the client to work on problem solving. Trainees in the treatment group showed a tendency to try out complex response types and to use these more frequently and appropriately. Treatment differences were maintained over time. 相似文献
6.
Learning from (video) modeling examples in which a model demonstrates how to perform a task is an effective instructional strategy. The model-observer similarity (MOS) hypothesis postulates that (perceived) similarity between learners and the model in terms of age or expertise moderates the effectiveness of modeling examples. Findings have been mixed, however, possibly because manipulations of MOS were often associated with differences in example content and manipulations of (perceived) expertise confounded with age. Therefore, we investigated whether similarity with the model in terms of age and putative expertise would affect cognitive and motivational aspects of learning when the example content is kept equal across conditions. Adolescents (N = 157) watched a short video in which a peer or adult model was introduced as having low or high expertise, followed by two video modeling examples in which the model demonstrated how to troubleshoot electrical circuit problems. Results showed no effects of putative expertise. In contrast to the MOS hypothesis, adult models were more effective and efficient to learn from than peer models. 相似文献
7.
In a study based on a sample of 123 counselor trainees in the United States, results indicated that a stronger supervisory working alliance was predictive of less trainee role conflict and ambiguity in supervision. 相似文献
8.
It was hypothesized that explicit instruction in the use of a conceptual framework would be more effective than feedback about behavior in teaching the conceptual skills of problem definition and goal formulation to beginning practicum students. Counseling trainees received one of two kinds of supervision, instruction or feedback, in written form following an interview with a role-play client. They subsequently interviewed two more role-play clients. After each interview, trainees formulated problem definitions, short-term goals, and outcome goals for the case. At the end of the experiment, they rated the supervision they received and their own counseling performance in the three interviews. Results did not support the hypothesis, but rather the reverse. Feedback was found to be more effective in teaching goal formulation and was perceived by trainees to be more effective. 相似文献
9.
Online learning from video modeling examples, in which a human model demonstrates and explains how to perform a learning task, is an effective instructional method that is increasingly used nowadays. However, model characteristics such as gender tend to differ across videos, and the model-observer similarity hypothesis suggests that such characteristics may affect learning. Therefore, this study investigated whether the effectiveness of learning how to solve a probability calculation problem from video modeling examples would vary as a function of the model’s and observer’s gender. In a 2 (Model: Female/Male) × 2 (Observer: Female/Male) between-subject design, 167 secondary education students learned how to solve probability calculation problems by observing video modeling examples. Results showed no effects of Model or Observer gender on learning and near transfer. Male students reported higher self-efficacy than female students. Compared to a female model, observing a male model enhanced perceived competence more from pretest to posttest, irrespective of observers’ gender. Furthermore, learning from a male model was less effortful and more enjoyable for male students than for female students. These results suggest that gender of both model and observer can matter in terms of affective variables experienced during learning, and that instructional designers may want to consider this when creating (online) learning environments with video modeling examples. 相似文献
10.
This article investigates differences in counselor verbal style and type of counselee talk in two groups of counselor trainees. The first group consisted of 15 counselor trainees who received a training program with an Amidon-type Verbal Interaction Analysis System; the second group was a control group of 15 counselor trainees who received no interaction analysis training as part of a semester-long counseling practicum. The results indicated that the counselors receiving interaction analysis training tended to talk less and Use indirect influence techniques more often than the counselor trainees in the control group. Clients of the counselors in the experimental group tended to talk more often and use more self-initiated talk than did the clients of counselors in the control group. 相似文献
11.
THOMAS C. FROEHLE SHARON E. ROBINSON WAYNE J. DE KURPIUS 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1983,22(3):197-206
The effects of yoking role-play practice to modeling treatments designed to teach the rudimentary counseling skill of reflection of feeling were investigated. Twenty-eight novice counselors-in-training were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment conditions: written model, videotape model, written model plus role-play practice, and videotape model plus role-play practice. Effectiveness was measured by ratings of students' oral responses to 16 videotaped client vignettes. The multivariate analyses revealed that although there were no significant differences between the two modeling conditions without role-play practice, there were significant differences between students who received an opportunity to role-play practice and those who did not. From the results of the analyses, it was concluded that role-play practice significantly enhanced the effectiveness of the written model but not the video model. These results are discussed in terms of counselor skills training. 相似文献
12.
中国学生学习英语时的模糊容忍度 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
徐莹 《浙江教育学院学报》2005,5(1):24-28
为克服由语言的模糊性造成的学习困难,学习者必须具备一定的模糊容忍度.通过对英语专业学生的问卷调查,研究学习者模糊容忍度情况,模糊容忍度和学习时间之间的关系,以及听说读写四方面模糊容忍度的差异性,有助于认识和运用模糊容忍度来促进英语学习. 相似文献
13.
This study examined the differences in professional identity development between novice and advanced counselor trainees (N = 161). Multivariate analyses of variance indicated significant differences between groups. Specifically, advanced counselor trainees demonstrated greater professional development compared with novice counselor trainees. No differences existed between groups with understanding of professional orientation and values. Implications are presented. 相似文献
14.
本文在对学习者的歧义容忍度水平及其对听力学习策略的影响进行调查和研究的基础上,进行了针对不同歧义容忍度的学习者因材施教的听力学习策略训练,结果表明这种听力学习策略训练模式是行之有效的。 相似文献
15.
To investigate the effects of the order of being the counselor when involved in role-play practice, 36 novice trainees were assigned to counseling triads and then to the levels of ordinal position—counselor first, second, or third. Each participant also served as a client and as an observer within the triad. No difference among the three ordinal positions was found in the trainees' abilities to produce reflection of feeling responses. Similarly, there were no differences between those trainees who functioned as as observers before being the role-play counselor. There was a significant positive linear trend, however, for ordinal position (i.e., the accuracy of the trainees' reflection of feeling responses steadily improved from first counselor role play to third counselor role play). These results are discussed from a social-learning theory perspective. 相似文献
16.
Two techniques of videotape recorded modeling for training counselors to ask open-ended questions (OEQ) were examined. It was hypothesized that a pure video model, exhibiting only desired behavior, would result in greater learning than a corrective video model, exhibiting both desired and undesired behavior, given that both models contained cues to indicate whether the behaviors are desired or undesired. Eighteen undergraduate peer counselors were randomly assigned to either (a) pure video model, (b) corrective video model, or (c) no-treatment control. Pre and postmeasures of level of OEQ responses were obtained by simulated interviews with one of four research assistants trained as pseudo-clients. Results indicate: (a) treatment had a significant effect on percentage of OEQ (F (2, 15) = 3.75, p<.05); (b) only the pure model was significantly different from the no-treatment control (Dunnett's t (3, 15) = 2.58, p <.02); and (c) the pure model was not significantly different from the corrective model. The findings support, but do not confirm, the hypothesis of the study that a pure video model would result in greater learning than a corrective video model. The experimenters suggest that negative modeling examples may interfere with learning at this introductory level of training and that these results have implications for the training methods used by many trainers of counselors. 相似文献
17.
Online learning courses are hypothesized to be influenced by the instructors' and students' cultural values. This study collected survey data from online instructors and students to analyze the effects that Hofstede's individualism/collectivism and ambiguity (in)tolerance cultural dimensions exert on online courses offered from an individualist/ambiguity tolerant perspective. Results revealed that the students' cultural dimensions relate significantly to some of their perceptions of culture in the online classroom. Contrary to their individualist peers, collectivist learners felt that their individualist instructors were not usually aware of cultural differences in the online classroom and that their culture was not being considered to make learning relevant to their cultural context. Ambiguity intolerant students, in contrast with their ambiguity tolerant peers, felt that cultural background consideration is important and would appreciate being informed about relevant cultural differences they might experience taking an online course based on a different cultural perspective. Students from ambiguity intolerant cultures also reported less motivation to participate than their counterparts. In addition, language was found to influence the participation patterns when the ambiguity (in)tolerance values of the students were studied. However, language was not found to influence participation patterns for the individualist/collectivist dimension. The results of the study suggest that cultural differences do affect how students perceive the online classroom. 相似文献
18.
The reflecting team is a group learning experience for counselor trainees in which they can give and receive immediate feedback on their perceptions and learn about intervention strategies for working with couples. 相似文献
19.
史先平 《黑龙江教育学院学报》2010,29(12)
歧义容忍度是影响外语学习的重要因素之一。在言语交际中,文化背景、认知风格、学习策略,以及自我形象的差异都是影响外语学习者歧义容忍度的重要因素。而歧义容忍度是可以培养的,因此,适当采取一些措施来适时提高学习者的歧义容忍度,对提高外语教学成效带来一定的启示。 相似文献
20.
This article investigates the relationship between anxiety and the development of empathy in counselor trainees during a full-year counseling and guidance institute. Anxiety was assessed three times during the program and empathy twice. It was found that anxiety decreased significantly during the course of the institute. No significant relationship was found between anxiety and empathy changes. It appears that such changes in trainees may be related to length of training. It is suggested that research concerning effects of training be longitudinal and focus on trainee change throughout the training period. 相似文献