共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
中学生数学知识建构水平具有差异性.这种差异性主要反映在数学认知结构中知识的广度不同;建立认知结构的知识基础不同;知识间联系的程度与方式不同.学生的数学认知结构图式主要有4种形式:层次网络式,锁链连接式,散射分布式及语言描述式.中学生数学知识建构水平与他们的数学成绩间具有显著的相关性. 相似文献
2.
交流和学习的本质是不同的个体利用大脑中的图式进行对话而产生的信息交换过程.学生学习的根本任务是改变原有认知.教和学的前提是"教师图式"和"学生图式"存在交集,教和学的结果是改变学生认知的范围和程度.图式是教和学的连接点,学校课堂教学追求共性的教学效果.学生潜在的知识水平、学习品质、学习能力不同,从而导致"学生图式"的构建结果同中存异.教师研究个体和群体"物理图式"的异变过程,研究"学生图式"建立和变化过程中的个性和共性是"物理图式教学"取得成功的关键.文章深度分析"学生图式"的类型并揭示其成因,提出以经验心智模型为教学起点的"物理图式教学"的范式及策略. 相似文献
3.
谭雪莲 《湖南科技学院学报》2005,26(9):285-287
图式被现代认知心理学认为是一种心理结构,是指知识在大脑中的储存单位,图式的总和就是一个人的全部知识.文章探讨了表象表征、概念表征与图式的关系,通过比较归纳得出：表象与概念,作为英语语言学习的认知心理表征形式,均可以被图式表征.认识这一问题,有助于英语学习及学习效率的提高. 相似文献
4.
所谓"图式"是指每个人的既有知识在大脑中的储存方式.听力理解的过程实质上就是听者的先存知识与新输入的信息相互作用、形成意义的过程.本文从语言图式和内容图式两个方面分析了语言知识、背景知识与英语听力学习之间的关系,并指出加强图式知识的建构会有效地提高学生的听力水平. 相似文献
5.
图式理论是一种关于人的知识是怎样被表征出来,以及关于知识的表征如何以特有的方式有利于知识的应用的理论.构建文章图式是应用文模式化写作规律的更深层探究.文章格式图式、文章结构图式和文体要素图式三类图式是应用文篇章构成的基本"建筑块料".本文旨在探讨文章图式在应用写作知识的表征及应用上所起的积极作用. 相似文献
6.
徐青 《韩山师范学院学报》2012,(4):81-85
考察中学生的场认知风格、图式水平对其几何问题解决成绩、问题表征方面存在的影响,结果表明：高图式水平组的学生比低图式水平组的学生更偏爱使用图式表征的方式来表征问题;在表征平面几何问题时,学生最经常出现的是偏离性表征错误;低图式水平组的学生比高图式水平组的学生更容易出现表征错误;场依存者比场独立者更容易受到无关信息的干扰。 相似文献
7.
图式听力教学法是根据图式理论提出的教学方法,其实质在于帮助学生建立语言图式、内容图式和形式图式并通过训练与讲解激活学生的三类图式.鉴于语言图式是基础和西部落后地区学生语言基础差的现状,西部学生需优先培养语言图式,同时培养内容图式和形式图式并通过听力训练与讲解激活学生的三类图式.经过一年半的教学实验,结果表明,图式听力教学法优于传统的“讲练式”教学法,更能提高西部学生的大学英语听力水平. 相似文献
8.
《赤峰学院学报(自然科学版)》2016,(12)
本文采用分类测验法,两次测验来检查三种不同水平的学科领域知识、两种不同的指导方法以及高低不同的加工程度对学生图式水平的影响.结果发现:三种不同学科领域知识水平的初二学生的图式水平受到了加工程度的影响,两者之间成正相关;采用不同指导方法的被试之间存在着显著差异;题目加工程度对学生的图式水平存在着显著差异. 相似文献
9.
图式是已知事物或信息存储于头脑中的知识结构,是将新事物与已有的知识和经历有机地组织起来的一种知识表征形式。将图式理论引用到篇章写作中去。有助于激活和调动学生已具备的语言和语篇知识,建构和丰富新的图式,以提高学生的篇章写作水平和能力。 相似文献
10.
吴灵芳 《宁波大学学报(教育科学版)》2001,23(3)
现代认知心理学将广义的知识分为陈述性知识和程序性知识两类,后一类又可分为智慧技能和程序策略(又叫策略知识),该理论进一步认为陈述性知识以命题网络的形式表征(认知心理学家把信息在人脑中呈现和记载的方式统称为知识的表征),而程序性知识以产生式系统表征,一个大的知识单元中既有陈述性知识,也有程序性知识,二者相互交结在一起,许多心理学家用“图式”一词来描述这种大块的知识表征和贮存.图式就象是围绕某个主题组织起来的认知框架和认知结构,其中有许多空位,以便容纳(即理解)新的知识,图式中不仅含有命题的或概念的网络结构,也含有解决问题的方法步骤,学生的认知结构是由知识结构“内化”而来,因此编织知识体系、框架和网络对学生认知结构的发展是十分重要的一个环节.…… 相似文献
11.
The ability to identify schematic knowledge is an important goal for both assessment and instruction. In the current paper, schematic knowledge of statistical probability theory is explored from the declarative-procedural framework using multiple methods of assessment. A sample of 90 undergraduate introductory statistics students was required to classify 10 pairs of probability problems as similar or different; to identify whether 15 problems contained sufficient, irrelevant, or missing information (text-edit); and to solve 10 additional problems. The complexity of the schema on which the problems were based was also manipulated. Detailed analyses compared text-editing and solution accuracy as a function of text-editing category and schema complexity. Results showed that text-editing tends to be easier than solution and differentially sensitive to schema complexity. While text-editing and classification were correlated with solution, only text-editing problems with missing information uniquely predicted success. In light of previous research these results suggest that text-editing is suitable for supplementing the assessment of schematic knowledge in development. 相似文献
12.
杨玉东 《天津师范大学学报(基础教育版)》2010,11(3):18-21
现代认知心理学将知识分为陈述性知识和程序性知识。这两类知识获得的心理过程及其在头脑中的表征、保持与激活等特点都有显著的差异。陈述性知识的教学策略主要有：促进陈述性知识习得的策略;促进陈述性知识保持的策略;促进陈述性知识有效提取的策略。程序性知识的教学策略主要有：掌握程序性知识的陈述形式;明晰程序性知识应用的条件;从陈述性知识到程序性知识的转化;从程序性知识到陈述性知识的转化等。 相似文献
13.
A concept map is a schematic device for representing a set of concept meanings embedded in a framework of propositions. It can be used to evaluate students’ knowledge structure. This article introduces the comparative study of Chinese and American secondary school students’ knowledge structure. They are compared quantitatively and qualitatively in terms of mean score, individual proposition scores, proposition choice and map structure. The results indicate that students’ knowledge structures in the two countries are remarkably different. Compared with American students, Chinese students’ ability to take an exam is stronger and their mean score is higher. However, Chinese students need to improve their general knowledge and creativity although their basic knowledge is solid and they are better in mastering discipline knowledge and knowledge application. 相似文献
14.
15.
黄惠民 《金华职业技术学院学报》2002,2(1):118-121
本文通过分析图式理论和英语听力两者之间的关系，论证了听力过程中图式知识的重要作用。并提出了听力教学中如何运用图式知识的一些教学建议。 相似文献
16.
Our study focuses on the correlation of concept map (CMap) structures and learning success tested with short answer tests, taking into particular account the complexity of the subject matter. Novice sixth grade students created CMaps about two subject matters of varying difficulty. The correlation of the complexity of CMaps with the post-test was small but highly significant in both subject matters. The complexity of the CMaps correlated with the long-term knowledge in the difficult subject matter but not in the context of the easy one. Furthermore, the high number of technical errors makes it close to impossible to estimate students’ knowledge. In summary, CMaps do not provide an adequate alternative to conventional short answer knowledge tests, but together with them they may offer a better comprehension of a student’s knowledge structure and aid in the preparation of further instruction tailored to individual needs. 相似文献
17.
Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environments provide learners with multiple representational tools for storing, sharing, and constructing knowledge. However, little is known about how learners organize knowledge through multiple representations about complex socioscientific issues. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate learners’ knowledge organization (KO) through multiple representations in a CSCL environment. We designed a learning unit on nuclear energy and implemented it with a group of 20 college students. The participants used a web-based hypertext KO platform that incorporated three representational modes: textual, pictorial, and concept map. The platform interlinked learners’ knowledge entries based on similar keywords. Utilizing mixed methods research we analyzed the individual entries and the knowledge base to determine KO both at the individual and the collective levels. We found that the density of the knowledge base was high; the learners mostly benefited from their text- and concept map-based entries, though the picture-based entries were also an important means for connecting entries with similar content and hence creating a dense knowledge base. Our results suggest that KO with multiple representations can create a more comprehensive knowledge base. Using distinct analytical approaches will allow CSCL researchers to better identify KO both at the individual and collective levels. 相似文献
18.
A concept map is a schematic device for representing a set of concept meanings embedded in a framework of propositions. It
can be used to evaluate students’ knowledge structure. This article introduces the comparative study of Chinese and American
secondary school students’ knowledge structure. They are compared quantitatively and qualitatively in terms of mean score,
individual proposition scores, proposition choice and map structure. The results indicate that students’ knowledge structures
in the two countries are remarkably different. Compared with American students, Chinese students’ ability to take an exam
is stronger and their mean score is higher. However, Chinese students need to improve their general knowledge and creativity
although their basic knowledge is solid and they are better in mastering discipline knowledge and knowledge application.
__________
Translated from Bijiao Jiaoyu Yanjiu 比较教育研究 (Comparative Education Review), 2008, (2): 12–16 相似文献
19.
Dealing with representations is a crucial skill for students and such representational competence is essential for learning science. This study analysed the relationship between representational competence and content knowledge, student perceptions of teaching practices concerning the use of different representations, and their impact on students' outcome over a teaching unit. Participants were 931 students in 51 secondary school classes. Representational competence and content knowledge were interactively related. Representational aspects were only moderately included in teaching and students did not develop rich representational competence although content knowledge increased significantly. Multilevel regression showed that student perceptions of interpreting and constructing visual-graphical representations and active social construction of knowledge predicted students' outcome at class level, whereas the individually perceived amount of terms and use of symbolic representations influenced the students' achievement at individual level. Methodological and practical implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the development of representational competence in classrooms. 相似文献
20.
Previous research concerning teacher practical knowledge has revealed its epistemological foundations, content structure and research methodology, but little research examines its ethical dimension. Based on a four-year project in China, this study probes the ethical dimension of an experienced teacher’s practical knowledge, explicated in a dilemmatic but teachable moment. Narrative inquiry is used as both a research method and a representational form to reveal the teacher’s ethical decisions and actions in the nested macro–meso–micro dilemmatic spaces. It is found that the teacher’s practical knowledge is embedded in a complicated web of meanings, and tapestried by her compromise to the national policies, her negotiation with the school governance and her caring for her students with diverse backgrounds. The ethical dimension of her practical knowledge provides her a vital power to carry out her educational practice. It is advocated that an ‘ethical turn’ for research and practice in teacher professional development is needed, so as to authorize teachers’ professionality reflected in their roles as humanity cultivators and transformative intellectuals. Moreover, under the global educational reform context since late 1990s, this article can be seen not only as a case from China, but also has implications for other countries in the world. 相似文献