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1.
城市流动人口子女教育问题是流动人口“城市梦”实现的重要内容。采用文献研究、调查问卷和综合分析的方法,指出流动人口子女教育存在如下问题:未能全面适龄入学、教育经费“真空”、管理缺位、家庭教育缺失等问题,提出建立技能培训制度,提升城市流动人口素质;主动适应城市化趋势,深化户籍制度改革;扩大社会保障覆盖范围,将城市流动人口纳入社会保障体系;发挥政府主导作用,强化流动人口子女教育服务和管理等建议。 相似文献
2.
Al-Hassan SM Lansford JE 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2009,29(3):217-226
The present study investigated demographic differences in school readiness within Jordan, a particularly interesting context because of wide-spread national reform currently sweeping the education system in Jordan. Teacher reports and researcher direct assessments of the school readiness of a national sample of 4,681 Jordanian first grade children were used to describe the levels of school readiness of children with respect to seven demographic characteristics. Higher levels of school readiness were associated with male gender, higher family income, higher paternal education, higher maternal education, smaller family size, fewer siblings, and urban residence. Taken together, the findings highlight the importance of Jordanian education reform, one aim of which is to improve the school readiness of all children by implementing public kindergartens, especially in poor, rural areas. 相似文献
3.
农村社会转型和农村大规模劳动力到城市就业直接导致了农村留守儿童的产生。由于隔代监护人和父母的矛盾、农村留守儿童和隔代监护人及父母的矛盾、学校与家庭的矛盾,农村留守儿童在学习、心理、社会化、安全等方面面临一定的困境。帮助农村留守儿童走出教育困境,可以选择以下路径：改变家庭教育观念,明确家庭教育责任;发挥学校教育优势,提供教育服务平台;加大扶持力度,建立社区保障体系;善于自我调节,形成健康心理状态。 相似文献
4.
SHEN Ji-liang 《教育探究》2008,(2)
从本质上看,考察流动和留守儿童的心理发展就是探讨环境资源对其发展的影响作用问题。流动儿童的家庭社会经济地位、家庭物质资源和教育资源都弱于城市儿童;除经济资本外,农村留守儿童的其他环境资源也弱于非留守儿童。相对于留守,流动对改善儿童的家庭经济资本、人力资本、家庭内社会资本和教育资源状况具有一定的积极作用。 相似文献
5.
流动对儿童意味着什么——对一项心理学研究的再思考 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
作为一个社会处境不利群体,流动儿童问题倍受关注也倍受争议。本研究从认知和人格两个角度来探讨流动儿童心理发展现状,结果发现:流动儿童的创造力水平与城市儿童无差异,显著高于农村儿童;流动儿童的自尊水平同农村儿童无差异,并显著低于城市儿童;流动带来的家庭环境和教育环境的变化对儿童心理发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
6.
服务-学习以杜威的经验教育为哲学基础,避免了传统教育与现实社会脱节的缺陷,将学校教育与校外服务经验结合起来,不失为教育改革中的重要教学策略.在世界各国和中国香港及台湾地区,服务-学习理念得到了普遍认可和广泛应用,但在中国大陆,它仍是一个相对较新的概念,值得深入研究.在中国高等教育改革进程中,高校可以借鉴服务-学习理念与实践做法,以推进全人教育,构建实践教学体系,培养应用型创新人才. 相似文献
7.
当前STEM教育已经成为国内外K-12教育领域的热点话题,它与我国幼儿园科学教育具有内在契合性,是变革我国幼儿园科学教育的重要参照。因此,我国幼儿园科学教育改革可以在四个方面寻求突破:一是以STEAM素养为参照确立科学教育目标体系,克服幼儿园过多关注科学知识掌握而忽略幼儿简单问题解决能力培养的问题;二是以STEAM教育主题项目为抓手组织教育内容、促进学科融合,从而培养幼儿核心素养;三是以STEAM问题探究为驱动,开展幼儿园科学教育活动,调动幼儿探究积极性;四是以STEAM教育生态为纽带开发和利用科学教育资源,促进优势资源积累和整合,提高科学学习品质。 相似文献
8.
改革开放以来,我国职业教育获得了长足的发展,但是在职业教育中来自于农民和工人家庭的学生占了大多数,学生的家庭背景成为不可忽视的因素。对两所不同类型高中学生的家庭背景的调查显示,家庭背景的不同致使不同阶层的子女在接受高中教育方面存在显著差异。 相似文献
9.
尚伟伟 《宁波大学学报(教育科学版)》2016,(5):126-132
对3714名流动儿童城市就读学校进行了调查,运用多层线性模型对流动儿童城市就读学校效能的影响因素进行了实证分析。研究结果显示,在控制家庭背景因素后,流动儿童城市就读学校民工子弟学校与公办学校效能之间存在明显的组间差异,其中有7.14%的学校效能差异来自于这种组间差异,而且城市民工子弟学校效能的组内差异要明显大于公办学校,这反映了流动儿童的学业成就低落很大程度上受到了学校层面因素的影响;而在考虑学校层面与班级层面的因素后,学生的性别因素、家庭社会经济状况、家庭教育支出水平以及学生个体满意程度对流动儿童城市就读学校效能均有显著的正向影响。这说明改善流动儿童个体及其家庭社会经济状况是提高流动儿童城市就读学校效能的关键。 相似文献
10.
农村儿童为何失学?——基于多层模型的经验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
刘泽云 《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2007,(2):70-80
我国农村基础教育已经取得了很大进展,但农村儿童失学现象仍然比较普遍。分析影响农村儿童失学的因素,探究减少农村儿童失学现象和加快农村人力资本积累的有效途径,将有助于更好地实现教育公平,从长远来看则有利于提高农民收入和加快农村发展。在以往的研究中,影响儿童失学的个体层面因素和社区层面因素被简单地放在一个模型中分析,不能准确地估计出这两个层面的因素对儿童失学的影响。运用分层线性模型则能够有效避免这一问题。研究发现:儿童入学在整体上已不存在性别差异,但女孩入学受到的限制更大,即更依赖于家庭经济条件;家中有兄弟姐妹、父亲为少数民族、母亲文化程度较低、母亲不曾加入过共青团以及家庭经济条件较差的儿童面临更高的失学可能性;富裕村的儿童失学的可能性要小,村中学校教育质量较高有助于提高儿童的入学机会。因此,应进一步加大对农村基础教育阶段贫困儿童的资助,放缓削减学校布点的步伐,提高教育质量,以减少农村儿童失学。 相似文献
11.
Interrogating institutionalized establishments: urban–rural inequalities in China’s higher education
China’s urban–rural disparities are a fundamental source of China’s overall educational inequalities. This article addresses the issue with data collected through interviews with members at various Chinese higher education institutions. It interrogates China’s current policies together with the socio-political institutional arrangements that underlie them and assesses the effectiveness of existing schemes to support higher education students. Based on China’s experience, it challenges market transition theory’s claim and debates the classical economic theory which postulates that expansion of education will reduce inequality. Believing that the educational gap is only part of China’s urban–rural disparities, of which many resulted from social institutional arrangements, it calls for changes to established institutions and a reconsideration of the role of private financing mainly through tuition fees. 相似文献
12.
An increasing number of migrant children are involved in public education due largely to the policy for migrant children education outlined by the Government of China from the late 1990s. In this article, we describe the unique and often difficult situation rural migrant children face after they enter urban public schools. Drawing from the Theory of Inclusive Education and data collected at two public junior high schools in Beijing, we provide an in-depth analysis on migrant children’s education from their own viewpoint and from the perspectives of their parents, teachers, and school administrators. Our survey results identify the need for further adjustments of the existing education system which can help improve migrant children’s education in China. Findings also highlight the dilemmas regarding how to best meet the needs for teachers, migrant parents, and migrant children who attend public schools. In order to provide a quality education for migrant children, we conclude by arguing that there must be a three-pronged partnership to best accommodate the unique education needs of migrant children in urban China. 相似文献
13.
This paper investigates the implementation of education policy for migrant children in urban China. Historically, rural and urban residents in China were separated by the hukou system, and rural children were not allowed to attend urban schools. Since the relaxation of the hukou system in the early 1980s, large numbers of rural families migrated to cities. The right of migrant children to education in urban China was formally recognised by the government in a series of policies starting in 2001. The research reported, here, reveals that migrant children did not have equal access to urban schools nor did they enjoy an equally good education to that of urban children. Based on 53 in-depth interviews with school principals, teachers and pupils in two provincial capitals in China, this paper explores the main factors affecting the implementation of education policy for migrant children. The research demonstrates that policies relating to equal admissions criteria were not implemented as intended, with migrant children not having equal access to schools. However, policies relating to non-segregation and academic support were implemented as intended. It is argued that, at the school level, this is a result of the examination-oriented system, and schools’ responses to this. 相似文献
14.
大多数学者认为异地高考政策更加有利于家庭条件较好的随迁子女，少数学者则认为该政策能有效保障农村随迁子女的教育权益，但已有文献仍缺乏关于异地高考政策对两类流动人口高等教育机会影响差异的比较研究。基于2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据，本文探讨了异地高考政策对城乡随迁子女高等教育机会的影响，并探究了该政策的调节作用。研究发现，异地高考政策对农村随迁子女高等教育机会的促进作用显著高于城镇随迁子女，且这种效应仅在高政策门槛地区存在，低门槛地区不存在。从政策的调节作用来看，异地高考政策有助于提高农村流动人口子女随迁的意愿，且对农村随迁子女高等教育机会的促进作用要显著高于农村留守子女。同时，异地高考政策可显著降低农村随迁子女家庭社会经济地位对其子女高等教育机会的影响。为此，各地方政府应坚持并完善异地高考政策，充分发挥该政策促进高等教育公平的杠杆作用；流入地政府要进一步提高本地高中教育服务能力；中央政府要进一步推进、完善高考录取制度改革。 相似文献
15.
Carrie R. Sampson 《The Urban Review》2017,49(1):72-95
Community-based organizations have long influenced education reforms, and urban areas are especially vulnerable to community work that transcends racial and economic boundaries. The purpose of this study is to explore how The League of Women Voters of Las Vegas Valley, a mostly White, middle-upper-class women’s organization, worked to pursue one of the most prominent urban education reforms in the last half century—school desegregation. Using interview and archival data, this historical case study is theoretically framed by various critical constructs to examine how the organization’s racial and economic privileges, and in some cases oppression, coupled with gendered systems of patriarchy and misogyny, influenced the process and outcomes of school desegregation reform in Las Vegas between 1966 and 1972. The organization’s intersectional identities afforded them unique opportunities and barriers. Nevertheless, they ultimately compromised on an inequitable policy that burdened Black children and their families for close to 20 years. These findings suggest that the intersectional identities of organizations can both empower and hinder community engagement in education reform. Because interests often diverge, organizations undertaking education reform should do the collective work necessary to address unintended policy consequences of education reform efforts. 相似文献
16.
基于中国人民大学提供的中国教育追踪调查数据,采用倾向得分匹配法,实证检验学前教育经历对青少年成就发展的现实影响,讨论“去小学”化的现实必要性。结果发现:接受学前教育和未接受学前教育的青少年在学业表现、家庭特征与个体特征等方面存在着一定的差异;Logit模型发现了家庭人力资本存量、经济资本以及家庭规模均对学前教育参与率的提升起到积极影响,但农村青少年的学前教育参与率相对于城镇要低2.3个百分点,显示出学前教育资源在城乡间的非均衡分布;倾向得分匹配法揭示了学前教育经历对青少年的学业表现具有正向影响,尤其是对语文和数学成绩的促进作用最为明显,但提前接触小学教育内容并不能帮助青少年赢在起跑线上。 相似文献
17.
张晓伟吴会会 《宁波大学学报(教育科学版)》2022,(2):65-074
韩国幼儿教育呈现出“教育预算重点倾斜、私立园是主要承担者、师资性别比例均衡”的发展格局。依循“国家负责”的立法理念,韩国幼儿教育的法律规制,重在确立政府的组织、保障与监管职责,保障幼儿的受教育权与隐私权,确立教师法律身份及其权益保障制度,形成家庭教育与幼儿园教育的合力。借鉴其规制理念,实现良法善治,我国学前教育立法应明确组建学前教育专职领导机构,尊重和扶持民办园的发展;确立儿童生活记录制度,保护儿童在园的隐私安全;建立幼儿教师法律身份的制度保障体系,创设吸引男性从事幼教的机制;结合儿童权利保护需求,构建家长教育的社会支持体系。 相似文献
18.
Shuang Chen Jennifer Adams Zhiyong Qu Xiaohua Wang Li Chen 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2013,59(6):693-722
In the context of China’s increasing rural-urban migration, few studies have investigated how parental migration affects children’s experience in school. The high cost of schooling, taken together with the institutional barriers in destination cities, have compelled many rural parents in China to migrate without their children, leaving them in the care of their spouses, grandparents, relatives or other caregivers. Still other parents migrate with their children, many of whom then attend urban migrant schools in their destination city. Understanding the academic engagement of children of migrant workers is particularly salient because the poor qualities of migrant schools, a lack of parental support, and exposure to competing alternatives to schooling may render both migrant children in the cities and left-behind children in the rural villages vulnerable to disengagement, and ultimately school dropout. Using data collected in 2008 in the urban Haidian and Changping districts of Beijing and rural Henan and Shaanxi provinces, the authors of this paper investigate the association between parental migration status and two measures of academic engagement, academic aspirations and the odds of liking school, by comparing migrant children attending migrant schools and left-behind children with their rural counterparts who do not have migrant parents. The authors’ findings show that migrant children attending migrant schools have lower academic engagement compared to rural children of non-migrant parents. The correlation between academic engagement and parental migration status can be accounted for in part by the support children receive from family and teachers. The association between certain measures of family and school support and academic engagement also varies by parental migration status: for example, high teacher turnover rates significantly reduce migrant children’s odds of liking schools, but do not affect children of non-migrant parents. 相似文献
19.
王金旋龙麓妃 《宁波大学学报(教育科学版)》2018,(1):123-127
20世纪20年代的音乐大师黎锦晖所创作的儿童歌舞音乐作品在中国近现代音乐史上意义重大,它不仅对少年儿童的身心健康发展、综合能力的培养等方面起着积极的作用,对践行新课程改革标准和促进小学素质教育的发展亦有着重要的现实积极意义。文章针对当前小学音乐教育所存在的问题现状,提出将黎锦晖儿童歌舞音乐作品应用于现行小学音乐教育中,从中探索出黎锦晖儿童歌舞音乐作品的推广教学和实践活动与音乐新课程改革的契合性及其教育价值。 相似文献
20.
张飞 《沈阳教育学院学报》2010,12(3):44-47
从教育社会学的角度对独生子女家庭教育问题作一些分析,如在对话中达到彼此的理解、在关爱中严格要求孩子、在耐心中期待孩子成才、在信任中促进孩子的发展等,以期引起人们对独生子女的家庭教育进行深入思考。 相似文献