共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 640 毫秒
1.
芮慧强 《启蒙(3-7岁)》2003,(7)
带状疱疹是由水痘的带状疱疹病毒引起的。患儿首次感染此种病毒,主要发生水痘,或是隐性感染,虽没有症状,但病毒从患儿皮肤的感觉神经末梢侵入,潜伏在脊髓后根神经节的神经元中。当患儿身体抵抗力低下时,病毒又生长繁殖,使受侵犯的神经节发炎、坏死,引起 相似文献
2.
目前不少学者针对脊髓受伤后的病理生理变化,对外伤性截瘫进行种种不同治疗方法的改进,大网膜移植术治疗脊髓损伤就是新的治疗方法之一。一、实验研究:1971年 DOHRMANN(1) 等实验观察,伤后5分钟即开始微循环变化,证实受伤后微循环改变是脊髓损伤特点。由于微循环的改变使局部组织缺氧而导致神经继发性损伤,如能及时使微循环恢复正常可阻止向不可逆病变发展。1974年 OSTERHOLM 等(2)在试验中发现灰质中儿茶酚胺量显著增加,认为脊髓受伤后释放出去甲肾 相似文献
3.
于又芳 《河北北方学院学报(医学版)》1997,(6)
由于各种原因所引起的脊柱外伤而导致的脊髓损伤的发病率正在日益增长,为此,外伤性截痪的护理,已成为护理专业中重要的研究课题。在脊髓损伤(SCI)引起的外伤性截瘫症状稳定之后,在其全面康复过程中,并发症的防治和护理已成为晚期康复的重要内容。 本文着重对SCI所并发的下肢疼痛的发病机理,结合心理护理和临床护理进行了理论性的探讨。 相似文献
4.
目的:探讨脊柱脊髓损伤病人并发消化道溃疡出血的诊断与治疗。方法:对解放军第251医院自2003.1~2006.6月共收治的867例(男性662例,女性205例)脊柱脊髓损伤病人,回顾性分折其并发消化道出血的发生率,以及诊疗措施。结果:本组867例脊柱脊髓损伤病人,并发消化道出血287例,发生率为33.1%,其中男性96例,女性191例;以黑便发现126例(后置胃管处理),以呕血或胃管内发现161例(入院时即留置胃管78例,入院后因腹部不适留置胃管83例);治疗后康复284例;出血后手术5例,死亡2例;出血无法控制导致死亡3例(包括手术治疗后死亡的2例),男性1例,女性2例。结论:脊柱脊髓损伤病人并发消化道出血的发生率较高,有较高的死亡率,所以,对于脊柱脊髓损伤病例,应及早预防并发症,一旦有出血倾向,应积极采取措施,包括多科室的协助治疗,以提高治愈率,降低病死率。 相似文献
5.
脊髓损伤是骨科常见的一种外伤性疾病,脊髓的结构很复杂,一但有损伤,如果治疗不及时,护理不当,可出现多种并发症,因此必须明确脊髓的结构,发病机理和临床表现,才能正确治疗和护理,本文就脊髓损伤的治疗及护理作一浅谈。 一、脊髓的结构: 脊髓呈扁圆柱状,长42-45cm,占椎管 相似文献
6.
脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)会导致患者相应的运动、感觉和括约肌功能障碍,甚至出现各种并发症.尽管不少候选药物具有脊髓神经保护功能,但应用于临床的有效药物极少.绝大多数脊髓损伤药物只停留在临床前研究阶段.该文重点对已进入临床试验的治疗脊髓损伤的药物进行了综述. 相似文献
7.
本文根据脊髓不同传导束之间存在竞争以及其再生需要的条件存在异质性,得出优先关注皮质脊髓束的结论。同时,旨在通过归纳目前治疗脊髓损伤(特别是对皮质脊髓束)有效的各种策略,寻找治疗脊髓损伤的最佳策略组合。脊髓损伤的恢复涉及众多方面的问题,单一策略的失效(如本文提及的SOX11的过度表达反而对功能有害)往往提示治疗方案需要综合其它方面的问题。因此,有必要总结一下脊髓损伤治疗的几个关键方面,并梳理一套可能的治疗路线规划。本文另一目的在于对过去一些关键理论、假说、矛盾进行总结,并在此基础上进行新的综合和思考。 相似文献
8.
9.
颈椎骨折合并脊髓完全或不完全损伤的患者临床比较多见。颅骨牵引为其常用的治疗方法之一。行颅骨牵引后,患者活动受限,常可导致多种并发症,护理的好坏对预后有着非常重要的临床意义。我院从1993.1～1998.12共收治此种病人24例,经及时准确的治疗,合理的护理,大部分患者均取得较满意的疗效。1 临床资料 相似文献
10.
当脊柱脊髓受到直接或者间接的机械外力作用的时候,很可能引起较为严重的骨骼损伤。大部分的病人因为脊柱脊髓骨折会造成难以恢复的残疾,严重者甚至导致死亡[1]。基于这种情况,对于脊椎脊髓骨折的患者,我们应该予以高度的重视,小心处理。因此,中医骨伤专业(脊柱脊髓损伤方向)的后期教育,需要更加慎重、严谨,以为国家为人民培养合格、优秀的人才。中医骨伤(脊柱脊髓损伤方向)的后期教学是现阶段高等中医骨伤人才培养计划中的重要环节,也是将理论同实际相联系、从基础过渡到临床的重要教学阶段[2]。本文着重探讨了新的教育模式,现具体叙述如下。一、资料与方法(一)研究对象将我校2009级中医骨伤专业学生随机分为两组,A组200人,其中男105人,女95人。继续使用传统教学方法,即老师讲授结合实验课教学。B组200人,其中男99人,女101人。运用多媒体全方位教学方法结合 相似文献
11.
M. Kay Cresci 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(3-4):281-295
One type of social support is social activity. Most older adults engage in some form of social activity with network members, either in person or by telephone, especially during an episode of an acute illness. Informational support (one type of functional social support) provides an individual with the necessary knowledge and skills to resolve various problems and stressful situations. This support is provided by members and for members within a social network. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of social activity, a component of informational support, on postinjury functional status following a hip fracture in women 65 years of age and older. A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted to examine the relationship between informational support and postinjury functional status in older women recovering from hip fracture. A correlational design was used to examine the relationships among an older woman's individual characteristics, social activity-informational support, and postinjury functional status. The sample was obtained from two community hospitals containing subacute units and a geriatric center with a short stay rehabilitation unit. Over half of the respondents were interviewed in their homes (55%); the remaining were interviewed either at a hospital subacute unit (33%), geriatric rehabilitation center (11%), or while living with a family member (1%). Instruments used in this study included: (a) Pfeiffer's Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, (b) the instrumental activities of daily living and a modified version of physical activities of daily living subscales from the OARS Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire, (c) the modified Informational Support subscale in the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors version, and (d) individual characteristics (age, marital status, education, income, living arrangement, preinjury functional status, time since injury, number of postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and discharge destination). A convenience sample of 73 respondents were interviewed. Results indicated that: (a) time since injury predicted informational support, and (b) preinjury functional status (FS), time since injury, and informational support predicted postinjury FS. This is the first study to examine the influence of informational support on postinjury functional status in older women recovering from a hip fracture. The results support an important relationship between informational support and postinjury functional status. Future studies are needed to explore how informational support from health care providers, family, friends, and community can improve the recovery process and to assist the interdisciplinary team in designing therapeutic interventions that promote informational support in hip fracture patients. 相似文献
12.
目的：探讨颅面部骨折合并颅脑损伤的临床表现及救治要点。方法：回顾性分析60例颅面部骨折合并颅脑损伤的临床资料。结果：入院时已脑疝形成15例,经神经外科手术治疗后,死亡5例,其余患颅脑损伤者治愈。颅面部骨折中上颌骨和下颌骨骨折共27例,20例行小型或微型接骨板内固定,2例行牙弓夹板颌间牵引,5例行可吸收内固定材料固定,效果良好,其他骨折自行愈合。结论：颅面部骨折合并颅脑损伤的临床救治需多学科综合治疗,早期全面系统的检查,减少漏诊率,从而获得满意的治疗效果。 相似文献
13.
Little is known regarding sources of diagnostic error at the provider level in cases of possible child physical abuse. This study examines medical diagnosis as part of medical management and not as part of legal investigation. Simulation offers the opportunity to evaluate diagnostic accuracy and identify error sources. We aimed to identify sources of medical diagnostic error in cases of possible abuse by assessing diagnostic accuracy, identifying gaps in evaluation, and characterizing information used by medical providers to reach their diagnoses. Eight femur fracture simulation cases, half of which were abuse and half accident, were created. Providers from a tertiary pediatric emergency department participated in a simulation exercise involving 1 of the 8 cases. Performance was evaluated using structured scoring tools and debriefing, and qualitative analysis characterized participants’ rationales for their diagnoses. Overall, 39% of the 43 participants made an incorrect diagnosis regarding abuse. An incorrect diagnosis was over 8 times more likely to occur in accident than in abuse cases (OR = 8.8; 95% CI 2 to 39). Only 58% of participants correctly identified the fracture morphology, 60% correctly identified the mechanics necessary to generate the morphology, and 30% of ordered all appropriate tests for occult injury. In misdiagnoses, participants frequently falsely believed the injury did not match the proposed mechanism and the history provided by the caregiver had changed. Education programs targeting the identified error sources may result in fewer diagnostic errors and improve outcomes. The findings also support the need for referral to child abuse experts in many cases. 相似文献
14.
运动性骨折是运动中经常发生的伤病,中医认为运动性骨折的发病原因可以分为两类：一是外因;二是内因.辨明骨折发病原因对预防和治疗运动员的运动伤病具有重要的意义. 相似文献
15.
目的:探讨颈前入路C2-3椎体螺钉钢板内固定融合术治疗Hangman骨折的方法、临床效果和安全性.方法:9例Hangman骨折经颅骨牵引复位后,在仰卧位采取右侧颌下斜切口,在颈动脉鞘和内脏鞘之间进入椎前间隙,切除C2-3椎间盘,取自体髂骨移植,枢法模带锁钢板螺钉内固定.术后费城颈托外固定6～8周.术后所有患者随访6～30月,平均18个月.结果:本组9例病例均获得骨性融合,无假关节形成,颈部活动度正常,无神经功能受损症状.结论:经颈前入路C2-3椎体螺钉钢板内固定融合术治疗Hangman骨折可获得良好的即时稳定性,防止假关节形成和鹅颈畸形,有利于患者早期下床活动,且不影响颈椎活动度,是一种安全、效果良好的治疗方法. 相似文献
16.
高屈曲人工全膝关节表面置换术临床研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:探讨应用高屈曲型假体行人工全膝关节置换术的早期临床效果。方法:2002.12~2006.3月间,对125例(213膝)患者用LPS-FLEX高屈曲型假体行TKA。其中男36例(62膝),女89例(151膝),年龄51~85岁,平均68.1岁。骨性关节炎90例(149膝),类风湿性关节炎35例(64膝)。所有病人均行常规髌骨置换,假体均采用骨水泥固定。结果:术后第一天即开始康复训练,伤口均一期愈合。随访12~52个月,平均34个月。2例因早期屈曲不佳(<90°)于术后6周在连续硬膜外麻醉下行手法松解后获得满意屈曲度,2例发生感染,其余均疗效优良。随访X线片结合临床均无感染、假体松动、假体周围骨折、骨吸收及脱位发生。HSS评分由术前30~65分,平均48分,提高至术后85~98分,平均91分。结论:LPS-FLEX高屈曲型假体在高屈曲位时仍在胫骨上保持面接触,且胫骨CAM始终在股骨SPINE的基部,从而在获得最大屈曲的同时保持了良好的稳定性。 相似文献
17.
William J. Ernst Adrienne B. Gallo Amanda L. Sellers Jessica Mulrine Luciana MacNamara Allison Abrahamson 《Exceptionality》2016,24(2):123-136
The purpose of this study is to determine knowledge of traumatic brain injury among educators. Few studies have examined knowledge of traumatic brain injury in this population and fewer still have included a substantial proportion of general education teachers. Examining knowledge of traumatic brain injury in educators is important as the vast majority of children with traumatic brain injury will return to school and many are likely to require support in the short term and some will require special education services in the long term. The Common Misconceptions of Traumatic Brain Injury questionnaire was completed by 94 educators. Participants demonstrated accurate knowledge on a number of questionnaire items associated with the identification of individuals with traumatic brain injury, common socio-emotional effects, and recovery from traumatic brain injury; however, a considerable degree of uncertainly was indicated on several items relevant to the school setting. In addition, substantial misconception rates were noted on only four items including one pertaining to recovery and another concerning the likelihood of additional brain injuries. Knowing someone with traumatic brain injury, participating in training and having taught a student with traumatic brain injury resulted in greater knowledge. Implications of these findings for educators are discussed. 相似文献
18.
目的：探讨严重创伤骨折患者角色适应不良的护理对策。方法：研究87例严重创伤骨折患者角色适应不良的护理对策。结果：69例患者角色适应能力很好,积极配合治疗。14例患者角色适应能力较好,情绪稳定,愿意配合治疗。4例患者角色适应能力差,对治疗和前途缺乏信心。结论：制定有效的护理干预措施可以为患者角色适应提供了良好的支持。 相似文献
19.
对教师角色认知的犬儒主义、虚无主义和标榜主义共同助长了教师自我与职业角色的分崩离析,教师角色语境的纷繁与教师角色表达的冲突,不仅从根源上诱发了不少教师对基础教育课程改革的怀疑和抵触,而且从动力上引致了这些教师对课程改革的冷漠和敷衍。角色沦陷、角色虚迷和角色断涡逐渐构筑起教师角色迷惘与式微的基本语脉,这一现象的普遍出现,注定成为基础教育课程改革深化和拓展中必须予以直面和正视的一大难题。 相似文献
20.
Children in homes with intimate partner violence (IPV) are at increased risk for physical abuse. We determined the frequency and injury patterns in children who underwent child abuse consultation after IPV exposure by retrospectively analyzing the "Examination of Siblings To Recognize Abuse" cohort of children referred for physical abuse. Children were selected who presented after IPV exposure. Among 2890 children evaluated by child abuse pediatricians, 61 (2.1%) patients presented after IPV exposure. Of the 61, 11 (18.0%) were exposed to IPV, but had no direct involvement in the IPV event, 36 (59.0%) sustained inadvertent trauma during IPV, and 14 (23.0%) were directly assaulted during IPV. Thirty-six patients (59.0%) had an injury: 31 (51.0%) had cutaneous injuries and 15 (24.6%) had internal injuries including fracture(s), intracranial or intra-abdominal injury. Of the 15 patients with internal injuries, 14 (93.3%) were less than 12 months old. Among the 36 patients with injuries, 16 (44.4%) had no report of direct injury, a report of a mechanism that did not explain the identified injuries, or a report of trauma without a specific mechanism. Five (13.9%) did not have physical examination findings to suggest the extent of their internal injuries. Injuries are present in a significant proportion of children presenting to Emergency Departments after IPV exposure. History and physical examination alone are insufficient to detect internal injuries especially in infants. These preliminary results support the need for future, prospective studies of occult injury in children exposed to IPV. 相似文献