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1.
This case study evaluates the efficacy of Intensive Interaction in developing the social and communication ability of a young boy with severe learning difficulties. The Intensive Interaction approach is based on the model of caregiver–infant interaction and underpinned by theoretical foundations of psychological literature of early development. A multiple-method approach was adopted mixing quantitative and qualitative data. An intricate system of behaviour coding was devised so that progress could be measured via video-recorded observation. Findings showed that substantial progress was made in sociability and communication, with some new behaviours such as eye contact emerging. Stereotypy was also observed to reduce substantially.  相似文献   

2.
This paper examines the role of Intensive Interaction in interactive pedagogy for students with severe and complex learning difficulties. It begins with an overview of the theoretical context for interactive pedagogy and then goes on to describe how one particular approach, Intensive Interaction, can, within a flexible curriculum, support sociability and communication development for pupils who are hardest to reach because they have not yet learned the fundamentals of early communication. Findings from one case study are drawn upon to illustrate the efficacy of this and to discuss how teamwork can affect optimal outcomes. The paper argues for more pupil‐centred, flexible curricula and the wider adoption of approaches such as Intensive Interaction in inclusive mainstream schools.  相似文献   

3.
Traditionally, professionals working with individuals with severe learning difficulties who demonstrate stereotyped behaviours, such as rocking and hand-flapping, have viewed such behaviours as undesirable, inappropriate and in need of reduction or elimination. This perspective is influenced by notions of readying those individuals for mixed settings, educating, training or modifying them to help gain their acceptance. Intensive Interaction is an alternative approach for working with individuals with complex difficulties that responds positively to them and their stereotyped behaviours, sometimes using these as a point of connection. Intensive Interaction sets out to enhance social and communication abilities and not to reduce stereotyped behaviours. However, findings from two studies of Intensive Interaction that show some reduction in stereotyped behaviours are reported and discussed. The authors consider the way in which more inclusive thinking connects with changes in thinking about stereotyped behaviour and the individuals who engage in them.  相似文献   

4.
Intensive Interaction was introduced to a special developmental school in Melbourne, Australia. The school had previously used behavioural and skills‐based teaching approaches to underpin the teaching of students with severe/profound intellectual disabilities and autistic spectrum disorders. Video baselines of students involved in classroom interactions were taken before introducing the approach of Intensive Interaction to the school. Following a 30‐week period during which the approach was practised routinely in classrooms, further video records were made. These video records enabled comparison to be made against five indicators of student involvement. Professional development using video techniques and structured reflection was initiated with all involved staff. Increases in the student’s joint focus, positive affect and interactive involvement were noted. In addition to changes in the communicative involvement of the pupils, the practitioner’s communicative involvement was also noted to change.  相似文献   

5.
In this paper, the authors report on the importance of using Intensive Interaction for the development of non-verbal communication for people with autism. The complexity of learning non-verbal communication means that it cannot be taught in any sense in a traditional, didactic manner. While a person may have the cognitive abilities to follow instructions and be taught the need to behave a certain way in social situations, which will not allow them to properly assimilate and understand social expectations and how to operate in social contexts. This paper suggests that the use of Intensive Interaction creates frequent opportunities for a person to take part in face-to-face interactions and consequently allow for the gradual development of non-verbal communication.  相似文献   

6.
In this article, Mary Kellett, of the Children's Research Centre at the Open University, draws on case study evidence to illustrate how an 11–year-old girl's quality of life was transformed in the last few months before she died when an Intensive Interaction intervention approach was adopted. The study raises issues about the way we respond to individuals with the most profound disabilities who are hardest to reach and have fragile life expectancies. It also examines the role of the researcher in situations where a participant dies; how this impacts on data processing - particularly where this involves video footage of a participant -and the complex ethics which need to be considered. Initially, the sadness of the situation and the incompleteness of the data overshadowed the findings. Due attention was not given to the contribution Catherine's data could make to our knowledge and understanding of the lived experiences of children like her and the implications this has for policy and practice. However, 'interrupted' findings from her case study point to the effectiveness of the Intensive Interaction approach in developing sociability, particularly with regard to eye contact and the ability to attend to a joint focus. This article affirms the principle that it is never too late to start an intervention; that severity of impairment should not be a barrier to this; and that the social interaction Intensive Interaction promotes can make a crucial difference to quality of life.  相似文献   

7.
The intervention of Intensive Interaction is gaining attention for its demonstrated effectiveness in promoting social engagement in individuals with severe communicative impairments. The present study sought to extend the evidence base for this intervention by investigating the rapidity with which an increase in engagement becomes apparent. Videotapes of the first Intensive Interaction session for 10 adults with profound learning disabilities were microanalytically coded for four measures of engagement: eye gaze, bodily orientation to partner, proximity to partner, and emotional valence. Results showed an increase for all participants on at least two measures, while 70% of the sample showed increases on all four measures. Such shifts occurred within only a few minutes of the onset of the session (ranging from three to 14 minutes). Non‐parametric analyses confirmed that this robust pattern of increases would not have been predicted to occur by chance. These findings indicate that Intensive Interaction is effective in rapidly promoting social engagement, even for individuals with a long history of apparent social avoidance. Suggestions for future lines of enquiry, at both the empirical and conceptual levels, are discussed.  相似文献   

8.
Andrew Culham has been a lecturer in further education for seven years. During this time he has worked primarily with students with learning difficulties. He now works for Oxford and Chen/veil College as a coordinator of provision for students with profound and multiple learning difficulties within the supported learning curriculum unit. In this article, Andrew Culham addresses a number of concerns expressed by male practitioners using Intensive Interaction.
The issues raised in this article are based on the outcomes of a research project that used a mix of qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results indicate that men who use Intensive Interaction are concerned about issues of touch, especially when working with female clients, and about the potential for their interactions with learners to be misinterpreted and misrepresented. Respondents suggest that targeted professional development opportunities are required to support men in delivering programmes of Intensive Interaction and to provide practical responses to their difficulties. Intensive Interaction has been demonstrated to be of benefit to people with learning difficulties. Andrew Culham proposes that professionals, colleagues and managers can support male practitioners more effectively through policy creation, staff development and professional dialogue. He argues that an 'inclusive' support structure should be established to provide all staff with practice-focused advice and guidance.  相似文献   

9.
This research focused on whether a TEACCH‐based approach could be effective in helping to develop the communication skills of older learners with Severe Intellectual Disabilities, to enhance their ability to communicate, to enhance their abilities to live independent lives, and to take part in discussions about their future. A TEACCH based approach was implemented in a class in a special school, attended by six students, aged over 16, all of whom had Severe Intellectual Disabilities. Using a pre‐post quasi‐experimental design P‐Scale data and IEP targets were used as measures of progress for communication skills. These were supplemented by regular researcher observations of the communication skills of the students. Staff were also asked to regularly measure the frequency and effectiveness of communication skills. Parents were also interviewed. P‐scale and IEP targets indicated some progress being made across the two years. The results from research and staff observation were more striking however, indicating the development of frequent and effective communication skills across the two years. Importantly, these communications were occurring spontaneously, rather than being the result of conversations initiated by staff. Parents had noticed changes in their children's communication, but remained concerned about their prospects for the future. This research showed that a TEACCH‐based method can be effective in developing communication skills in learners with Severe Intellectual Disabilities. The extent of the effectiveness remains unclear however, as the school‐based methods for assessing progress for these learners (mainly p‐scales) remain problematic.  相似文献   

10.
Children with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder may find the social aspects of learning particularly challenging because of the traits of diffculty with social communication and interaction. This paper evaluates the impact of an interactive model designed to support social communication and interaction for twelve students with ASD, who attend three international primary schools in Hong Kong. Using an exploratory mixed‐methods approach, the study investigates the children's participation and engagement when a Social Communication and Interaction model is in operation. The model is built around the concept of mediation and the use of tools, which were intended to encourage children with ASD to be engaged in high‐level participation activities. Attention is drawn towards the children's growth of self‐confidence, a reduction of adult support and the children's increased participation with others in the activity sessions.  相似文献   

11.
Intensive Interaction and autism: a useful approach?   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The very challenging nature of many individuals with autism has meant, for some, a focus on 'special', as opposed to 'naturalistic', intervention processes. There has been much recent media interest in parental campaigns, Melanie Nind, senior lecturer in the School of Education, Oxford Brookes University, addresses the potential usefulness of Intensive Interaction for pupils whose learning difficulties are compounded by autism. She considers empirical case-study evidence together with questionnaire and interview data from teachers using the approach.  相似文献   

12.
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13.
The Level System is a whole‐classroom approach for managing disruptive behavior that utilizes behavioral management strategies such as a token economy, response cost, stimulating rewards, and strategic attention. Using an ABACC′ treatment comparison design with follow‐up, this study evaluated the effectiveness of the Level System in a preschool classroom compared to (a) strategies already employed by the teacher, and (b) coaching the teacher in the Child‐Directed Interaction (CDI) and Parent‐Directed Interaction (PDI) phases of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). Teacher‐ and parent‐report measures were administered, and behavioral observation data were collected for child and teacher behavior using videotapes. Results suggested that the amount of inappropriate behavior exhibited by children decreased when the Level System was implemented. Additionally, inappropriate behavior decreased further during the CDI and PDI conditions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 351–361, 2004.  相似文献   

14.
对369名中学生进行跨文化敏感度测评,结果显示,中学生的交际信心最弱,其次是交际专注度、交际参与度和交际愉悦感,而差异认同感最强。在中学外语教学中,应增加文化和交际知识比重,培养学生在真实的语境中与不同文化背景人士交流所使用语言和行为举止的有效性和得体性。同时教育部门应设法提升教师跨文化敏感水平,建设一支具有较高跨文化敏感水平的教师队伍。  相似文献   

15.
网络通讯技术不断渗透进教育教学,使得信息时代的师生互动变得丰富而复杂。构建网络通讯技术环境下的师生互动变革理论模型,即将师生互动途径分为同步互动、同步异步共存互动和异步互动三大类共八个层次,越在底层,师生互动强度越高,但互动范围越小。比较研究表明,网络通讯技术实现了随时随地的师生互动,但互动强度不如传统的师生互动。网络教学应尽可能向师生互动强度高的同步视频互动技术方面发展。  相似文献   

16.
As twenty‐first century skills become a greater focus in K‐12 education, an infusion of technology that meets the needs of today’s students is paramount. This study looks at the design and creation of a Multiplayer Educational Gaming Application (MEGA) for high school biology students. The quasi‐experimental, qualitative design assessed the twenty‐first century skills of digital age literacy, inventive thinking, high productivity, and effective communication techniques of the students exposed to a MEGA. Three factors, as they pertained to these skills, emerged from classroom observations. Interaction with the teacher, discussion with peers, and engagement/time‐on‐task while playing the MEGA suggested that students playing an educational video game exhibited all of the projected twenty‐first century skills while being engrossed in the embedded science content.  相似文献   

17.
在线反思性交互的评估   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
交互是在线学习的关键要素，同(异)步交互工具可拓展教学交互的深度与广度，而科学、有效的评估能促进交互。本在比较多种异步交互评估方法后，以建构主义学习理论为基础，引用Simmons的反思性思维评价量规，详尽地描述了反思性交互的激励式评估在案例中的实施过程。  相似文献   

18.
交互是在线学习的关键要素。教育中的同(异)步交互工具可拓展教学交互的广度与深度,而科学有效的评估能促进交互。本文在比较多种异步交互评估方法后,以建构主义学习理论为基础,引用 Simmons 的反思性思维评价量规,详尽地描述了反思性交互的激励式评估在案例中的实施过程。  相似文献   

19.
Children, play, and computers in pre-school education   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
The paper reports a study designed to inform the development of an information and communication technology strategy for the pre‐school years of education. The main methods of collecting evidence were observations at seven pre‐school settings and interviews with at least two practitioners and a number of children at each site. Practitioners generally referred to children “playing with the computer”. We describe some of the problems to be found in the emphasis on free play in nurseries and play groups when this means children are using computers as complete novices. There were few examples of peer support; adults rarely intervened or offered guidance and the most common form of intervention was reactive supervision. Interaction with a computer was therefore a limited experience for most children, but we provide examples of guided interaction that suggest a way forward for professional development.  相似文献   

20.
介绍在大学英语教学中以汉英口译为教学手段以提升英语能力的汉英口译训练模式。这种语言输出活动以精读教材和文化与交际知识为源语内容、集知识和技能的掌握为一体，学生同时进行汉英口译，并有电子文本给出词语核对提示，使学生在口译过程中自主纠错提高。该模式以课文和词语应用为主，有利学生扩充积极词汇，提高口语能力；且系基于自主学习的设计，故有较高的学习效率。  相似文献   

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