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1.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):247-252
Abstract

The Rentokil Bubble, a commercially available, portable, fumigation enclosure which was designed for use with methyl bromide (bromomethane), phosphine or carbon dioxide, was tested for its applicability for nitrogen fumigations. The unit would be a valuable alternative for museums where a costly fumigation chamber cannot be afforded or a permanent space cannot be allocated for fumigations. The performance of two bubbles, 35m3 and 6m3, was investigated for both the oxygen transmission characteristics of the materials and the gas-tightness of the enclosure. The tests confirmed the suitability of the bubble for anoxia treatment, although some practical limitations were detected, especially the size of the unit and possible variations in quality from unit to unit. The article describes the set-up and safety considerations of a large-scale nitrogen anoxia treatment using the bubble.  相似文献   

2.
《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(67-68):131-146
Summary

Student athletes' schedules can be very tightly structured around classes, homework, study, practice, and athletic events. As a result, they do not have the same freedom with their schedules as the average student. A library outreach program was developed at Valdosta State University to target the Department of Health, Physical Education and Athletics, and specifically the student athletes. The goals of this program are: (1) to provide the Department faculty and staff with a library contact or liaison, (2) to help student athletes learn to use the Library more effectively under pressure, thus relieving some of the stress they face with their demanding schedules, and (3) to make the library a less intimidating, more welcoming environment. The Library's outreach program is incorporated into the Department's NCAA CHAMPS (Challenging Athletes' Minds for Personal Success) program and includes tailored library instruction sessions. CHAMPS, as designed by the NCAA, does not currently include a library skills component.1 Library outreach may be defined as any activity or program such as tailored library instruction that is created “to meet the information needs of an unserved or inadequately served target group.”2 Outreach activities often focus on a specific user population such as high school students, off-campus students, international students, non-traditional students, and even faculty, and are often a method of promoting the use of the library.3 Providing outreach to student athletes is not well documented, however, there are a handful of universities with some type of outreach program to student athletes in place.4  相似文献   

3.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):18-23
Abstract

A method is described for the removal of certain black and white deposits found on ancient South Italic and Etruscan pottery. The very hard white deposits are softened and dispersed by the use of chelating agents in a hot, caustic solution. The black stains are removed by the use of hydrogen peroxide in several concentrations.  相似文献   

4.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):289-303
Abstract

A tube-type passive sampling method has been developed and assessed for the quantification of formaldehyde (methanal) vapours in indoor air. The sampler was designed for use in museums where test sites often include small enclosures with low air movement. The procedure involves collection of formaldehyde vapours in a Palmes diffusion tube containing a paper support impregnated with an acidified solution of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNPH). After sampling, quantification of the trapped F-DNPH is achieved by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with UV detection at 350nm. To validate the procedure, permeation devices were used to generate formaldehyde-containing atmospheres, 81–2975ppb, in a 20dm3 chamber so that experimentally derived sampling rates could be calculated and compared with the theoretical value. Three 2,4-DNPH solutions were investigated to obtain an efficient and stable trapping solution. Best results were achieved with a 27mg.ml?1 solution of 2,4-DNPH which contained 4·5%v/v orthophosphoric acid. At 55% RH, and with low airflow in the chamber, the experimentally derived sampling rate of 1·34 ± 0·17ml.min?1 was in good agreement with the theoretically derived sampling rate of 1·36ml.min?1 The passive sampling method was repeatable and reproducible with RSD (relative standard deviation) values below 7%for long-term exposures at low air velocities.  相似文献   

5.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(3):179-190
Abstract

Testing of chemical stabilization treatments and desiccated and anoxic storage microclimates for the protection of archaeological iron stored in unsuitable climatic conditions was carried out by the conservation department of the Japanese Institute of Anatolian Archaeology at the Kaman-Kalehöyük excavation in Turkey. The chemical stabilization treatments involved alkaline sulfite, barium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. Environmental stabilization was explored using RP-A oxygen scavengers in Escal® bags as part of the Revolutionary Preservation System (RP System®) manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. The efficiency of the chemical treatments was examined by comparison with mechanically cleaned iron objects. The efficiency of the storage systems was determined by comparing the chemically and non-chemically treated objects in the RP System® using RP-A scavengers and in polyethylene ziplock bags containing silica gel. The efficiency of these treatments and storage systems was examined and assessed at Kaman after a period ranging from 7 to 9 years. The anoxic and desiccating properties of the RP System® resulted in superior protective qualities over polyethylene bags with silica gel. The RP System® compensated for inadequate chemical stabilization and protected iron that had not been chemically stabilized.  相似文献   

6.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):265-273
Abstract

This paper reports on the results of experiments to test for visual changes to paint systems after biocidal treatments, using a statistical binary procedure. Four biocides were selected, two of which are fungicides—a quaternary ammoniumorganotin mixture (BioMet 66®)in distilled water and an orthophenylphenol (Lysol®) in a spray— and two of which are fumigants—sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F6), a gas (Vikane®), and nitrogen gas (N2) (as an anoxant). The procedure used to assess the effect of the biocidal treatments was a random field visual scoring regimen by two paintings conservators. The tests were conducted on 30 combinations of linen, rabbitskin glue size, lead white oil ground and oil-based paints. The visual assessment procedure provided information on color change, gloss change, blanching, topography change and precipitation. The results indicated that Vikane adversely affected 10 of 11 pigment systems; Lysol adversely affected six of 11 pigment systems; BioMet 66 had a minor effect on four of 11 pigment systems; and nitrogen had no visible effect on any sample. The visual technique provided a quick and broad method for assessment of non-subtile visual changes.  相似文献   

7.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):228-238
Abstract

A procedure for collection of decay rate data from stone samples exposed in actual environmental conditions is described. This provides precise weekly decay rate data. Data were collected for 16 consecutive months for 200-year-old weathered and freshly quarried Portland stone. Problems with the use of an acrylic sheet as a control were encountered and overcome. It is suggested that glass is a better control surface. Decay rates of new and old stone differed, with new stone typically being 60–70mg/m2/day. Close agreement was found between new stone replicates. Rates for old stones were much more variable and ranged from 90–270mg/m2/day. Differences were also found in the relative contributions of solution and particulate loss to total loss between the two stones.  相似文献   

8.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):138-139
Abstract

The Oddy test is an 'accelerated' corrosion test employed by museums to evaluate the suitability of materials proposed for use in display and storage cases, The standard Oddy test requires a 28-day test period, and the results are assessed by visual observation. This paper describes an improved test method, which could reduce the length of the test period by half The improved method uses metal films as substitutes for the traditional metal coupons posing as 'surrogate art object', The new test results are then evaluated by computer with digital image processing for more objective selection of less corrosive materials.  相似文献   

9.
Abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the use of web-based information services in university libraries in Kerala, India.

Design/methodology/approach: A survey method was used for the collection of data. The questionnaire method was used to collect data for the study. The study was conducted among the research scholars of four selected universities in Kerala, India.

Findings: This study has analyzed the services and resources in the libraries which are provided through the medium of the internet and also the usage patterns of web information services by the scholars of the selected universities. The analysis reveals that most of the university libraries have implemented web-based information services. However, the extent of usage is not to the expected level and this is due to the lack of sufficient awareness about the usage methods of web resources and services. With the help of proper user education and training programs, the present situation can be ameliorated. The findings of this study can be helpful to the authorities to improve the services in the libraries.

Originality/value: Proper use of library resources is essential for scholars to bring forth productive research outputs. This study provides recommendations for enhancing web-based services in university libraries in Kerala to provide better services to the users.  相似文献   

10.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(1):55-64
Abstract

Plaster of Paris field jackets are commonly employed for lifting fragile archeological and paleontological material during excavation. When the plaster has been applied directly to the object surface its removal poses a severe risk of damage and loss. This study documents the development of an experimental method to test the suitability of various techniques for removing plaster of Paris from sub-fossil bone. The use of digital microscopic elevation models, already in use in other disciplines, was tested as a method for quantifying surface loss resulting from conservation treatments. The study concludes that citric acid is not suitable for use in close proximity to sub-fossil bone. Air abrasion and laser ablation proved extremely damaging, but ultrasonic cleaning caused no detectable damage. This study has relevance to the removal of plaster of Paris from other materials, such as carbonaceous statuary. The analytical technique itself has a far wider application and is recommended for evaluation of all surface treatments that have the potential to cause loss on a microscopic scale.  相似文献   

11.
Rocchio's similarity-based Relevance feedback algorithm, one of the most important query reformation methods in information retrieval, is essentially an adaptive supervised learning algorithm from examples. In spite of its popularity in various applications there is little rigorous analysis of its learning complexity in literature. In this paper we show that in the binary vector space model, if the initial query vector is 0, then for any of the four typical similarities (inner product, dice coefficient, cosine coefficient, and Jaccard coefficient), Rocchio's similarity-based relevance feedback algorithm makes at least n mistakes when used to search for a collection of documents represented by a monotone disjunction of at most k relevant features (or terms) over the n-dimensional binary vector space {0, 1} n . When an arbitrary initial query vector in {0, 1} n is used, it makes at least (n + k – 3)/2 mistakes to search for the same collection of documents. The linear lower bounds are independent of the choices of the threshold and coefficients that the algorithm may use in updating its query vector and making its classification.  相似文献   

12.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):134-153
Abstract

A broad outline of the considerations which arise with regard to the conservation of a museum collection of tapestries is given in this paper. The various types of damage to, and deterioration of, tapestries is discussed.

Various methods of washing and dry cleaning, and the equipment necessary for these procedures, are reviewed, and a caution is included as to the necessity of testing all dyes for colour fastness in both water and any solvent used for dry cleaning. The equipment, materials and techniques of repair are discussed; three methods of repair being currently used in museums and specialist workshops — re-weaving, stitching on to a backing and the use of synthetic resins for impregnation and adhesion to a woven support. It is suggested in conclusion that the optimum method of repair in museums is stitching on to a backing. More research must be undertaken into the use of synthetic resins, and re-weaving usually alters the original appearance of the tapestry.

Finally, the need for specialised conservation staff in a museum with a tapestry collection is emphasised.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

Library pathfinders are a time-tested method of leading library users to important resources. However, paper-based pathfinders suffer from space limitations, and both paper-based and Web-based pathfinders require frequent updates to keep up with new library acquisitions. This article details a step-by-step method to create an online dynamic pathfinder with a clean, intuitive interface that performs predetermined searches in online library catalogs. This tool leads users to resources much as a traditional pathfinder does, but it is always up-to-date, requires almost no maintenance, and familiarizes patrons with the library's catalog as they use it. This article requires a basic knowledge of HTML. PHP and JavaScript are also used. While knowledge of these languages is helpful, these parts of the dynamic pathfinder are described in enough detail that no prior knowledge is required.  相似文献   

14.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(4):294-303
  相似文献   

15.
《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):420-426

In a world of collectives, the theatre which has always been a mass art, is one of the most simple and obvious organs of contact between the mass and the individual member of the crowd.1

It is the job of the new generation of workers in the Theatre by giving visible plastic expression to mass needs and hopes and despairs to convince the labor audience that the theater can become a great universal rallying point in this country as it is in Russia, or China.2  相似文献   

16.
ABSTRACT

This paper analyzes cataloging rules for Korean materials focusing on the McCune-Reischauer (MR)1 system, the Korean romanization scheme currently used in the United States. This system has been used for a long time in many Western countries, and was officially adopted by the Library of Congress (LC) for use in the cataloging of Korean language materials. Considering users' information-seeking behavior and searching abilities, however, the MR system has many drawbacks for increasing users' ability to retrieve information. This paper analyzes bibliographic records in academic libraries, the LC, and the Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN) to identify the issues and problems of the MR system. A user survey conducted demonstrates that the MR system is not a user-customized tool based on users' searching ability. Several solutions are suggested to overcome the limitations of the MR system.  相似文献   

17.
《期刊图书馆员》2013,64(3):105-114
ABSTRACT

The ISSN ISO standard (ISO 3297) is under revision. The ISO Working Group established to prepare this revision (ISO/TC46/SC9/WG5) includes representatives of the various communities interested in publishing, distributing, accessing, and identifying serials and other continuing resources. ISO/TC46/SC9/WG5 has developed revisions to the standard and additional proposals and recommendations that should result in some very positive and exciting changes for ISSN users and the ISSN Network.

This paper focuses on the most important changes that will be brought about by this revision: changes in ISSN scope, clarification of the ISSN assignment policy, development of a new concept and function-the “collocating issn”1-and development of an ISSN link data distribution and look-up service.2 The paper briefly mentions the use of ISSN in conjunction with DOIs, OpenURL, and URN, and concludes with a discussion of the place and role of ISSN users in the ISSN standard revision process and in the ISSN system.  相似文献   

18.
ABSTRACT

Questions about the importance and viability of legal research and writing as a part of the law school curriculum are not novel. Confronting these questions head-on, however, is a responsibility that should be handled by law librarians. This article addresses the issue of teaching legal research in an academic law library setting. The reasons why the author has pursued an aggressive approach when dealing with legal research instruction are explored. The methods employed to carry out that legal research instruction mandate are examined. creased as legal research and writing are more and more frequently combined and taught by writing faculty.1 At the same time, the research skills of law students are on a downward spiral. Howland and Lewis document this plunge in an informative survey.2 Law librarian Donald Dunn substantiates this decline and attributes it, in part, to “the increased emphasis in law schools on legal writing,”3 in consequence of which, while “legal writing entered the expressway; legal research took the off-ramp.”4 Further, law librarians and legal research have even been pummeled by one of America's most popular authors.5 In this environment, it may seem unwise to continue to advance the argument that academic law librarians should teach legal research. Notwithstanding the obstacles that face such instruction, law librarians have an obligation to press forward in this important work.6 Legal writing instructors have not demonstrated that they have the expertise to provide this instruc-tion.7 Likewise, law faculty have demonstrated that they do not have the interest in tackling the task.8 Say two authorities on the subject: “Regular faculty members generally do not teach a research course, and when they do decide to teach one, the results are invariably disastrous. Most law faculty members cannot teach legal research because they do not understand it themselves. If compelled to teach the course, they rebel.”9 Perhaps it is time for law schools to cede the stewardship for legal research instruction to those information professionals who have been trained and are qualified to teach legal research instruction -law librarians.10 And it is time for any reticent law librarians to accept the obligation to take a more proactive approach toward teaching legal research.11  相似文献   

19.
《文物保护研究》2013,58(2):137-138
Abstract

Ancient bronzes in the collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum are maintained in low-humidity environments to eliminate the possibility of recurring chloride corrosion. A small, low-power, solid-state air drier was considered as an option to silica gel. This relatively new technology combines electrolytic dissociation of water molecules to hydrogen and oxygen with membrane separation. Hydrogen atoms formed on the anodic side penetrate the membrane and combine with oxygen on the cathodic side to form water. Oxygen atoms that remain on the anodic side recombine to form oxygen molecules. The process of water removal was found to be very efficient, but it is suggested that a portion of the oxygen atoms might react further to form ozone, a reactive molecule generally regarded as a deleterious pollutant in museum atmospheres. This was confirmed by passive sampling for ozone using diffusion tubes. While control levels after 60 days ranged from 0.43 to 1.25 parts per billion (ppb), samplers in the test environment recorded a level of 10.5 ppb, an increase of approximately 10 to 25 times. Developments in solid-state driers may overcome this problem in the future.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

Based on user lookups, Merriam-Webster Onlineproclaimed “Blog” the word of the year for 2004.1 Distance librarianship, until mid-way through 2004, was a subject that was underrepresented in the blogosphere. The inception of a blog called The Distant Librarian: Comments on the World of Distance Librarianshipis chronicled in this article, along with suggestions for how and where to get started, as well as how to incorporate blogs that support library services for distance students.  相似文献   

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