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1.
Integration of multiple information systems of a medical center will change the way physicians work and practice medicine in the future. Several major steps must be taken by an institution to make this a reality. Since 1983, Georgetown has been engaged in an Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) project to bring together multiple sources of information that reside on different computers and database systems. Georgetown is developing a Biotechnology and Biomedical Knowledge Network that includes informational and clinical databases, scholar workstations, instruction on computer use, a campuswide network with local area network nodes, and a modular approach to systems integration. The IAIMS project, spearheaded by the medical library, has enabled a broad spectrum of health professionals to benefit directly from new, dynamic information services. The network is heavily used; in 1991, more than 2,100 individual users conducted more than 148,500 computer functions and more than 104,000 searches. There is economy of scale in high-volume use. Overall, the average search cost is $1.57; for high use databases the cost is $0.38, and for low use, it is $9.41. As described in this paper, IAIMS offers a cost-effective means of enhancing patient care by improving information services to physicians. At Georgetown, IAIMS has advanced the concept of integration, accelerated use of computers in education, increased user acceptance of advanced technologies, and established cost factors for providing information resources. While progress made in improving the transfer of medical information is impressive, it is clear that IAIMS requires several more years of support to achieve full implementation. 相似文献
2.
N C Broering 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》1991,79(3):276-281
The intent of the MAClinical Workstation Project is to develop computer workstations for medical students of the sort they will use in future medical practice. The idea is to instill information query habits in the daily clinical activities of these young physicians-in-training. The Georgetown University Medical Center Library spearheads the project in conjunction with the School of Medicine. The library handles technical support, including software development, user training, equipment maintenance, and network installations. The project began in 1988 with nine Macintosh computers; today thirty machines are distributed throughout the Georgetown University Hospital conference rooms, faculty and resident offices, and at four affliated hospitals. The Macintosh computers are connected to the medical center's local area network (LAN) with access to the Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) and Library Information System (LIS) databases. The MAClinical workstations serve multiple educational purposes in the clinical setting. Primarily, students gain experience in medical informatics by using a variety of software systems installed at the stations: the H&P Writer, a history and physical system written in the C programming language, can be used by students to prepare the admission record on patients they examine; also, students can keep patient records, check findings against a diagnostic system, look up drugs and treatment protocols, develop medical sketches, and find additional information when needed in the medical literature. 相似文献
3.
N C Broering 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》1986,74(3):249-256
The strategic planning process and the pilot phase projects undertaken by Georgetown University for an Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) are described. Emphasis is placed on core services such as a local area network, an academic information management center in the library, and expansion of health sciences databases for improved access to biomedical information. Special applications in education and clinical care are highlighted. The library, a key to IAIMS activities, has emerged in a leadership role at Georgetown. 相似文献
4.
The mission of the ACOG IAIMS project is to identify the core of knowledge necessary for the practice of obstetrics and gynecology, structure it and put it in electronic form, integrate it into a national ob-gyn information network, prepare ACOG members to use it, and disseminate this core of knowledge to members in appropriate forms. This mission will be accomplished through four project objectives: educational programs on computers and information use; definition of a prototype ob-gyn knowledge base; automated access to ACOG and NAACOG membership services; and integration of ACOG IAIMS activities with other organizations. The ACOG IAIMS model phase project is a model for the role of a national specialty society in meeting the information needs of its members and for the integration of national specialty IAIMS programs with locally-developed programs. 相似文献
5.
交互式跨语言信息检索是信息检索的一个重要分支。在分析交互式跨语言信息检索过程、评价指标、用户行为进展等理论研究基础上,设计一个让用户参与跨语言信息检索全过程的用户检索实验。实验结果表明:用户检索词主要来自检索主题的标题;用户判断文档相关性的准确率较高;目标语言文档全文、译文摘要、译文全文都是用户认可的判断依据;翻译优化方法以及翻译优化与查询扩展的结合方法在用户交互环境下非常有效;用户对于反馈后的翻译仍然愿意做进一步选择;用户对于与跨语言信息检索系统进行交互是有需求并认可的。用户行为分析有助于指导交互式跨语言信息检索系统的设计与实践。 相似文献
6.
本文采用ＢＯＲＬＡＮＤＩＤＡＰＩ关系数据库集成技术，集成多种关系数据库系统，并用信息存储与检索软件ＱＵＩＣＫＩＭＳ进行管理，实现对关系数据库的全文检索。对基于ＰＣ和基于ＳＱＬ的关系数据库数据结构、数据访问方式、数据类型进行集成；对基本表和单库或多库查询的结果进行转移，生成ＱＵＩＣＫＩＭＳ的必要文件和索引；对关系数据库提供布尔检索、前方一致检索、字段限定检索、相邻检索和位置检索等检索方式。采用动态转换关系数据库数据，减少了空间的浪费 相似文献
7.
8.
The future of the National Library of Medicine will be shaped by a number of scientific, technical, and social influences. Among these are the continuing rapid development of computer technology and storage systems. Artificial intelligence techniques, factual databases, the emergence of medical informatics as a formal discipline, and the development of Integrated Academic Information Management Systems (IAIMS) are also important influences on the direction of the library. Public policy issues will influence the future of NLM--among them, sharing of scientific information between nations and the role of federal agencies in dissemination of information domestically. The formal, long-range plan now being prepared for the library by panels of expert advisers will be a guide for future programs and goals. 相似文献
9.
Enterprise search is important, and the search quality has a direct impact on the productivity of an enterprise. Enterprise data contain both structured and unstructured information. Since these two types of information are complementary and the structured information such as relational databases is designed based on ER (entity-relationship) models, there is a rich body of information about entities in enterprise data. As a result, many information needs of enterprise search center around entities. For example, a user may formulate a query describing a problem that she encounters with an entity, e.g., the web browser, and want to retrieve relevant documents to solve the problem. Intuitively, information related to the entities mentioned in the query, such as related entities and their relations, would be useful to reformulate the query and improve the retrieval performance. However, most existing studies on query expansion are term-centric. In this paper, we propose a novel entity-centric query expansion framework for enterprise search. Specifically, given a query containing entities, we first utilize both unstructured and structured information to find entities that are related to the ones in the query. We then discuss how to adapt existing feedback methods to use the related entities and their relations to improve search quality. Experimental results over two real-world enterprise collections show that the proposed entity-centric query expansion strategies are more effective and robust to improve the search performance than the state-of-the-art pseudo feedback methods for long natural language-like queries with entities. Moreover, results over a TREC ad hoc retrieval collections show that the proposed methods can also work well for short keyword queries in the general search domain. 相似文献
10.
Recent progress in library automation and networking is redefining the library's traditional role. The Georgetown University Medical Center Library, developer of the Library Information System (LIS), has been involved in automation for nearly a decade, and was one of the first institutions to receive an NLMIAMS grant. The two projects have evolved together. New LIS modules, such as Document Delivery and the ALERTS/CURRENT CONTENTS Search System, have been designed in a reciprocal LIS/IAIMS environment. BioSYNTHESIS, a current IAIMS research project, is a prototype information tool for tomorrow. 相似文献
11.
The future of the National Library of Medicine will be shaped by a number of scientific, technical, and social influences. Among these are the continuing rapid development of computer technology and storage systems. Artificial intelligence techniques, factual databases, the emergence of medical informatics as a formal discipline, and the development of Integrated Academic Information Management Systems (IAIMS) are also important influences on the direction of the library. Public policy issues will influence the future of NLM--among them, sharing of scientific information between nations and the role of federal agencies in dissemination of information domestically. The formal, long-range plan now being prepared for the library by panels of expert advisers will be a guide for future programs and goals. 相似文献
12.
Alan Gilchrist 《Learned Publishing》2003,16(1):61-69
The current state of the art of text retrieval, and indications of radical developments to come, should be of concern to all involved in text processing in the information chain from author to end‐user. This brief overview, slanted towards the interests of publishers, looks at the recent history of retrieval techniques, and present attempts to deal with information overload and the relative inability of many to conduct effective searches. As networks proliferate, the problem of ‘mapping’ between databases increases in complexity, and mention is made of attempts by the UK government to establish a system to support interdepartmental search and ‘open government’. The Semantic Web is seen as the next big development, but will require enormous effort. It is concluded that text retrieval is less often a separate facility as it is increasingly embedded, as a required tool, in larger systems. 相似文献
13.
《Library & information science research》2006,28(2):192-207
The application of visualization techniques to information retrieval (IR) has resulted in the development of innovative systems and interfaces that are now available for public use. Visualization tools have emerged in research environments and more recently on the Web to retrieve information. Questions arise in regard to the utility of Web-based IR visualization tools for assisting users not only in manipulating search output, but also in managing the information retrieval process. To understand how Web-based visualization tools enable visual information retrieval, this article reviews some of the human perceptual theory behind the graphical interface of information visualization systems, analyzes iconic representations and information density on visualization displays, and examines information retrieval tasks that have been used in visualization system user research. This article is timely since it addresses new technologies for Web information retrieval and discusses future information visualization user research directions. 相似文献
14.
利用层次分析法研究科技信息最终用户计算机检索介入程度 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在专家咨询和用户调查的基础上 ,建立了信息最终用户对计算机检索介入程度的层次分析模型。分析了影响我国科技信息最终用户计算机检索介入程度的主要因素。针对不同用户群的特点 ,具体分析各自计算机信息检索的介入程度 ,并提出相应的建议 ,以提高最终用户信息检索自我满足能力。 相似文献
15.
国外移动视觉搜索研究述评 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
移动视觉搜索(MVS)作为一种重要的信息获取方式,已成为信息检索领域的前沿课题。目前学界对于MVS的研究方法主要有模拟仿真法、比较分析法、文献研究法、跨学科研究法、实地调查法等。MVS的出现将影响知识交互和知识服务模式,影响搜索引擎市场份额,并催生新型产业链及产业集群。MVS可分为标准架构、本地化架构和混合架构,涉及描述符处理技术、视觉对象对匹配技术、视觉对象检索流程、视觉对象知识库建设等关键技术。当前主要技术瓶颈有:软硬件资源的匹配问题,视觉查询多样性与MVS服务、应用的自适应问题,MVS搜索性能与用户体验效果的匹配问题,多样化移动视觉服务、应用与异构MVS系统之间的互操作问题。图情工作者应重点关注以下内容:支持MVS的信息检索模式,视觉对象知识库建设,MVS系统及视觉资源标准化,MVS应用分析及决策支持,MVS开发、应用及管理人才培养。图3。表1。参考文献69。 相似文献
16.
《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(23):135-152
The goal of our research project is to explore the use of new technologies in providing more sophisticated delivery systems for information services in situations where the services of skilled reference librarians are not available. We are working on developing an advanced function workstation equipped with a CD-ROM jukebox of reference books and vocabulary control tools on laser dlsks with keyword access. The user interface will include an expert system to guide users in selecting the types of material best suited to their needs. It will also provide guidance in developing the best search strategy by mapping the terms selected by the users to the more controlled vocabularies of the data bases. Searches that are too broad and yield too much material will be narrowed. Conversely, searches that are too specific will be broadened. The system will also be designed to connect to a full service integrated library network also enabling the user to access the on-line card catalog, check circulation and do interlibrary loans. In developing this system we will be taking advantage of many new technologies including the advanced function workstations, expert systems components, hypertext and optical disk storage. 相似文献
17.
本文通过加权检索与逻辑检索的比较分析和引入负值权数的概念, 论述了在计算机情报检索中加权法提问式与提问逻辑式在表达意义上的可等价性, 并提出了合理确定权数的一种简便方法。文中还侧重论述了加权检索在采用顺排文档与倒排文档检索中的实现方法。 相似文献
18.
在数字图书馆中进行信息检索是一件繁琐和乏味的工作,由于无法识别用户的检索个性化,导致信息检索的结果不尽如人意。我们在数字图书馆的信息检索系统中,将系统集中在查询个性化;特别地,我们处理结构化的检索使存储的原数据加入相关的数据库中,通过对用户描述文件里的用户偏好的分析,描述了查询重写规则在构建个性化检索中的作用。 相似文献
19.
Armin Hust 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2005,19(4):224-238
Information Retrieval Systeme haben in den letzten Jahren nur geringe Verbesserungen in der Retrieval Performance erzielt.
Wir arbeiten an neuen Ans?tzen, dem sogenannten Collaborativen Information Retrieval (CIR), die das Potential haben, starke
Verbesserungen zu erreichen. CIR ist die Methode, mit der durch Ausnutzen von Informationen aus früheren Anfragen die Retrieval
Peformance für die aktuelle Anfrage verbessert wird. Wir haben ein eingeschr?nktes Szenario, in dem nur alte Anfragen und
dazu relevante Antwortdokumente zur Verfügung stehen. Neue Ans?tze für Methoden der Query Expansion führen unter diesen Bedingungen
zu Verbesserungen der Retrieval Performance .
The accuracy of ad-hoc document retrieval systems has reached a stable plateau in the last few years. We are working on so-called
collaborative information retrieval (CIR) systems which have the potential to overcome the current limits. We define CIR as
a task, where an information retrieval (IR) system uses information gathered from previous search processes from one or several
users to improve retrieval performance for the current user searching for information. We focus on a restricted setting in
CIR in which only old queries and correct answer documents to these queries are available for improving a new query. For this
restricted setting we propose new approaches for query expansion procedures. We show how CIR methods can improve overall IR
performance.
CR Subject Classification H.3.3 相似文献
20.
Jennifer A Byrnes Tracy A Kulick Diane G Schwartz 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2004,92(3):334-340
A National Library of Medicine information access grant allowed for a collaborative project to provide computer resources in fourteen clinical practice sites that enabled health care professionals to access medical information via PubMed and the Internet. Health care professionals were taught how to access quality, cost-effective information that was user friendly and would result in improved patient care. Selected sites were located in medically underserved areas and received a computer, a printer, and, during year one, a fax machine. Participants were provided dial-up Internet service or were connected to the affiliated hospital's network. Clinicians were trained in how to search PubMed as a tool for practicing evidence-based medicine and to support clinical decision making. Health care providers were also taught how to find patient-education materials and continuing education programs and how to network with other professionals. Prior to the training, participants completed a questionnaire to assess their computer skills and familiarity with searching the Internet, MEDLINE, and other health-related databases. Responses indicated favorable changes in information-seeking behavior, including an increased frequency in conducting MEDLINE searches and Internet searches for work-related information. 相似文献