共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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《Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services》2008,32(1):10-18
Significant collection development decisions are increasingly made in a group context. Despite this trend, surprisingly little research can be found in the library literature that addresses the psychological and psychosocial aspects of group interaction and their relation to the decision making process. In contrast, the field of psychology contains numerous studies of the role of group interaction in the decision making process. This article examines the psychological research on group decision making and explores how group psychology influences decision making and what the implications might be for collection development. 相似文献
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《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(79-80):395-407
Summary The gathering, organization, and archiving of critical business intelligence is a complex task. Competitive Intelligence systems gather information for use in the decision making process. Knowledge Management Systems are used to organize this knowledge. Library Science provides structure for the storage of published documents, in both printed and electronic formats. This paper proposes that the common link among the three disciplines is Archive Theory, which is the process by which an archive of information is built. This process provides a framework for analysis of what documents or information to retain and what format to use when retaining them. The paper details the linkage and concludes with an example of a working system that ties all parts together. 相似文献
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Joseph A. Bonito John Gastil Jennifer N. Ervin Renee A. Meyers 《Communication monographs》2014,81(2):179-207
We investigate the stability and change of participation patterns in small groups by examining two longitudinal data sets at the individual and group levels of analysis. Rejecting the dichotomy between input and process models, we advance a view at the convergence of these two perspectives. We argue that stability in participation reflects input factors and that change emerges from process mechanisms. Study 1 analyzed discussion data from zero-history laboratory groups that worked on three similar tasks in succession, each with stable membership across the tasks. Results showed significant variation within participants and between groups, indicating that group members varied their participation as needed and that group-level factors influenced participation. Study 2 analyzed longitudinal data collected from the Australian Citizens' Parliament, where tasks and group membership varied over time. Study 2 replicated Study 1's findings, but analyses showed more complex patterns of both stability and change across groups and tasks. Taken together, results from the two studies support our position that both input and process mechanisms cause variation in participation. Our Conclusion examines how structural features and participation impact democratic group deliberation. 相似文献
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This paper reports on problems and conflicts encountered when using decision support systems (DSS) in political contexts. Based on a literature study and two case studies we describe problems encountered in relation not only to the DSS itself, but also to the political decision process. The case studies have been carried out in two cities in Sweden that at different times but in similar situations have used DSS in order to reach a decision in complicated and contested matters. In both cases we have previously found that the method and IT tool used for decision analysis were appreciated by most participants, but the inherent rationality of the DSS was in conflict with how participants usually make decisions as well as with the political process. The assumption was that a strict and open method would make grounds for clear decisions, but the results of the decision process were none of the cases implemented. In one case the result of the decision analysis was that no clear decision was made. In the other case the lowest ranked alternative was implemented. Furthermore, in neither city the method was ever used again. We therefore ask: What are the challenges and limitations to using DSS in political contexts? Our study shows that challenges relate to selecting and using criteria; eliciting weights for criteria (high level of subjectivity); understanding all the amount of facts available in the system; time constraints; and lack of impact on the final decision. This study contributes to both research and practice by increasing the understanding of what challenges are experienced in DSS use, since the findings can be used as a framework of challenges that should be addressed, in design of systems as well as method for use. The study also contributes to understanding the role of politicians in decision-making and the consequences for the use of DSS. Further, the literature study showed that there are overall very few studies on the actual use of DSS in a political context, and we therefore conclude by encouraging more studies reporting actual use. 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 研究美国图书馆组织气候改进方案的决策形成过程,为国内图书馆开展组织气候测评、基于组织气候测评结果制订管理政策改进方案提供参考和借鉴。[方法/过程] 采用典型案例分析法,对美国3所图书馆利用ClimateQUALTM 测评结果确立本馆管理活动优化方案的决策过程进行分析和归纳。[结果/结论] 3所图书馆确立管理活动优化方案的决策过程模式可以归纳为:自下而上式的决策过程模式、决策软件支持下的决策过程模式、咨询顾问主导下的决策过程模式;根据既有案例,可从管理态度重视、实施主体选择、馆员意见征集、管理方案初选和优化等视角得出对国内图书馆开展组织气候优化的启示。 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(2):136-157
Members of small groups do not always mention available information, and this leads to inferior decision making. A local model of participation was applied to information sharing discussions to evaluate the extent to which task-relevant judgments are related to comments that contain unique (i.e., data that only one member knows) and shared (i.e., known to all members) information. In addition, the model was applied to only “incorrect” groups, ones that did not choose the optimal solution. Findings revealed that the local model applied to incorrect groups in the sense that shared information figured prominently in the development and maintenance of judgments. Unique comments, however, played a limited role in the process. Other findings showed that shared contributions were not associated within groups, indicating somewhat skewed rates of participation. Discussion focuses on the distribution of variance related to judgments. 相似文献
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Sunwolf 《Communication Studies》2013,64(2):107-134
People want to live in a predictable world, yet regularly face uncertain outcomes from decision choices. Here, a decision-making theory of communication is proposed. Faced with decisions, people experience anxiety as they anticipate choice-regret. The communicative dynamic of Decisional Regret Theory (DERT) is the production, sharing, and reconstruction of predecisional imaginary narratives that allow alternative decisional outcomes to be anticipated. DERT predicts a type of shared communication (counterfactual storytelling) under specific circumstances (anticipation of making a meaningful decision). It further predicts listener responses: (a) reproducing the story, (b) altering the story, (c) creating an alternative story, or (d) disconfirming the story. Exemplars of counterfactual communication during jury decision making are offered, together with a model describing the emergence of group counterfactual storytelling. 相似文献
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馆藏资源数字化决策过程中应注意的几个问题 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
数字化图书馆被视为图书馆的未来发展方向 ,馆藏资源数字化是数字化图书馆的发展根本。馆藏资源数字化决策过程中应该注意的问题是 :定位问题、系统性问题、决策原则等。参考文献 4。 相似文献
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The level of consensus in science has traditionally been measured by a number of different methods. The variety is important as each method measures different aspects of science and consensus. Citation analytical studies have previously measured the level of consensus using the scientific journal as their unit of analysis. To produce a more fine grained citation analysis one needs to study consensus formation on an even more detailed level – i.e. the scientific document or article. To do so, we have developed a new technique that measures consensus by aggregated bibliographic couplings (ABC) between documents. The advantages of the ABC-technique are demonstrated in a study of two selected disciplines in which the levels of consensus are measured using the proposed technique. 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):413-420
This analysis of verbal innovative deviance (VID) revealed that a significant proportion (27%) of group communication is deviant but not typically associated with a specific member or role. A process analysis of VID through successive phases of group decision making indicated that deviance appears to function differently in each phase, generating additional VID during Conflict and Emergence and appearing as a “norm” of group interaction during those periods. The process perspective revealed the changing function of VID in interaction patterns across time. The present study indicates that innovative deviance is susceptible to meaningful observation from the perspective of communicative behaviors. 相似文献
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Lorence D 《Health information and libraries journal》2007,24(2):128-136
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether grounded theory can be applied as a cross-disciplinary evaluative framework for assessing health information, especially within domain-specific peer-to-peer networks. METHODS: Using a grounded-theory approach, we seek to identify recurring themes of peer-based interaction, without the ongoing management of clinical experts, as a way to determine stakeholder concerns and interests in a domain of frequent clinical uncertainty and treatment, Asperger's syndrome. RESULTS: We find that users of web-based information in such areas often report reliance on information for medical decision making and disease management, at times to the point where interaction becomes a form of 'cybertherapy.' Further, such groups often evolve into disease-specific, 'virtual support groups', even where discussions highlight a lack of consensus regarding the role, function and quality of information within this unique domain. CONCLUSION: A grounded theory approach can successfully be applied in a domain-specific setting to identify themes in unstructured peer-to-peer discussion of ill-defined diseases and treatments. 相似文献
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Jeffery L. Bineham 《Communication Studies》2013,64(3):141-155
David Tukey has argued recently that the consensus theory of epistemic rhetoric reduces spiritual experience to a social construct and therefore denies the possibility of a divine reality. This essay argues that consensus theory can account for religious beliefs and spiritual experiences, and that consensus theory provides a useful framework within which to understand the rhetorical dimensions of these beliefs and experiences. Walter Rauschenbusch's classic A Theology for the Social Gospel is examined as a theology that is consistent with the basic tenets of consensus theory. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]微信群信息交流过程存在多元化角色类型,识别微信群潜水者角色类型及分析潜水行为动因,对深入探究微信群信息交流过程及把握其内在交流机制等具有重要意义。[方法/过程]以微信群中的真实交流样本作为研究对象,计算成员直接参与度与间接依赖度,并设计成员离群率算法识别微信群中的潜水者群体;基于时间序列发言数划分潜水者角色类型,通过定义成员交互强度与兴趣契合度计算成员之间的亲密度,并作为边权重构建信息交流网络,结合网络结构动态演化特征分析微信群成员潜水行为动因。[结果/结论]通过计算成员离群率及时间序列发言数能够有效识别微信群中的潜水者及其角色类型,基于对成员网络嵌入位置、角色作用等演化分析发现成员潜水行为主要与成员身份地位、话题兴趣度及关系亲疏度相关。 相似文献
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采用出声思维、观察、访谈等方法收集5个真实信息需求语境下群体用户合作信息查寻与检索活动的案例的相关数据,通过扎根理论归纳出合作信息查寻与检索行为的17个主要概念范畴并聚焦为5个核心范畴,对5个案例从主体、情境与行为三个层面展开对比研究并描述合作信息查寻与检索过程。基于对合作相关性判断概念范畴的解析,指出影响群体用户合作相关性判断的5个主要因素,并建构合作信息查寻与检索的相关性判断模型。研究表明:合作信息查寻与检索的相关性判据与个体查寻与检索的相关性判据大致相似,群体交流是两者间的最大差异,语境对形成群体共识具有重要作用。 相似文献
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《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):363-379
The present study sought to compare the nature and content of interaction within a number of “effective” and “ineffective” decision‐making groups in an effort to identify consistent differences which might account for the differences in the quality of their group decisions. The goal of the investigation was to generate data which will help us better understand the communication‐based reasons for “effective” and “ineffective” group decision making. Using basically a qualitative approach, six “effective” groups and five “ineffective” groups were compared. The study found that the discussions of those two sets of groups can be distinguished on the basis of at least four communication‐related characteristics: (1) The manner in which the groups examined opinions and assumptions advanced by group members; (2) The manner in which the groups evaluated alternative choices; (3) The nature of the premises which served as the basis for the groups’ decisions; and (4) The nature of influence exerted by the most influential members of the groups. These four differences are discussed in terms of specific empirically‐testable propositions regarding the relationship between group interaction and quality of group decision making. 相似文献
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不同情境下老年人对健康信息源的选择差异研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的/意义] 揭示老年人健康信息源选择因情境不同而存在的差异,为助力图书情报机构更好地开展面向老年人的健康信息服务提供理论依据和对策建议。[方法/过程] 参考信息源视野理论对信息源的分类,采用访谈法,分析老年人在处理健康危险状况、参与医疗决策、改变或预防不良健康行为这3种不同健康情境下获取健康信息的信息源选择差异,并结合人口学特征探究老年人在信息源选择数量上的群体间差异。[结果/结论] 研究结果表明：①3种情境下,组织信息源和人际信息源均是老年人主要使用的信息源;②随着年龄的增长,老年人对人际信息源的依赖性逐渐增加;③3种情境下老年人对网络信息源、印刷信息源的使用程度都不高;④不同文化水平和自评经济状况的老年人群在信息源选择数量上存在明显差异,其中文化水平造成的差异在3种情境中均有体现,自评经济状况造成的差异体现在参与医疗决策和处理健康危险境况两种情境中。 相似文献
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信息决策的政治社会学原理思考 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
决策信息具有社会性。决策信息与信息决策的政治社会学原理包括 :次级组织原理、化约原理、公共性原理、主观决定客观原理、高度垄断信息原理、非殖民化原理及地方性知识等。参考文献 9。 相似文献