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1.
James Cummins 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(21):37-68
ResumenLa tesis central del presente artículo es que se puede adquirir una forma de bilingüismo beneficiosa, cognitiva y académicamente hablando, solamente a partir de un desarrollo adecuado de la habilidad en la primera lengua (L1). Se formulan y combinan dos hipótesis hasta llegar a esta conclusión. La hipótesis del «Desarrollo interdependiente» propone que el desarrollo de la competencia en una segunda lengua (L2) depende, en parte, del tipo de competencia desarrollada ya en la L1 en el momento en que empieza una exposición intensiva a la L2. La hipótesis del «Umbral» propone que existen niveles umbrales de competencia lingüística que el niño deberá alcanzar en ambas lenguas, lo cual evitará desventajas cognitivas y permitirá que los aspectos potencialmente beneficiosos del bilingüismo influyan en su funcionamiento cognitivo y académico. Estas hipótesis se insertan en un modelo de educación bilingüe en el que los resultados educativos se explican en función de la interacción entre medio ambiente, input del niño y factores del método educativo. Se sugiere que en muchas evaluaciones de programas de educación bilingüe no se han podido interpretar los datos porque en el diseño de investigación no se han incorporado estas posibles interacciones. 相似文献
2.
Ronan Van Rossem Marjolijn Vermande Beate Völker Chris Baerveldt 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2015,36(5):669-688
Social capital is generally considered beneficial for students’ school adjustment. This paper argues that social relationships among pupils generate social capital at both the individual and the class levels, and that each has its unique effect on pupils’ performance and well-being. The sample in this study consists of 1036 children in 60 first-grade classes in 46 Dutch elementary schools. Multilevel regression results show that a substantial proportion of the variance in school adjustment can be attributed to the class level and that both individual-level and classroom-level social capital have substantial effects on school adjustment. At the individual level, the size of one’s network is more important than its structure. At the collective level, social capital also has a ‘dark side’ because it can have negative effects on adjustment, lowering the academic performance in a class. 相似文献
3.
Bahr Peter Riley Boeck Claire A. Cummins Phyllis A. 《Research in higher education》2022,63(4):631-671
Research in Higher Education - Students 25 years of age and older comprise one-third of the population in public two-year institutions, and these students face significant disadvantages in... 相似文献
4.
Cindy Kovalik Chia-Ling Kuo Megan Cummins Erin Dipzinski Paula Joseph Stephanie Laskey 《TechTrends》2014,58(5):90-94
In this paper, four teachers shared their experiences using the following free Web 2.0 tools with their students: Jing, Wix, Google Sites, and Blogger. The teachers found that students reacted positively to lessons in which these tools were used, and also noted improvements they could make when using them in the future. 相似文献
5.
Bing Bai Jason Weston David Grangier Ronan Collobert Kunihiko Sadamasa Yanjun Qi Olivier Chapelle Kilian Weinberger 《Information Retrieval》2010,13(3):291-314
In this article we present Supervised Semantic Indexing which defines a class of nonlinear (quadratic) models that are discriminatively
trained to directly map from the word content in a query-document or document-document pair to a ranking score. Like Latent
Semantic Indexing (LSI), our models take account of correlations between words (synonymy, polysemy). However, unlike LSI our
models are trained from a supervised signal directly on the ranking task of interest, which we argue is the reason for our
superior results. As the query and target texts are modeled separately, our approach is easily generalized to different retrieval
tasks, such as cross-language retrieval or online advertising placement. Dealing with models on all pairs of words features
is computationally challenging. We propose several improvements to our basic model for addressing this issue, including low
rank (but diagonal preserving) representations, correlated feature hashing and sparsification. We provide an empirical study
of all these methods on retrieval tasks based on Wikipedia documents as well as an Internet advertisement task. We obtain
state-of-the-art performance while providing realistically scalable methods. 相似文献
6.
Jim Cummins 《Cultura y Educación》2013,25(1):57-70
Hace ya algunos años Cole y Scribner, con una investigación transcultural que se ha hecho clásica, establecían una distinción clave entre la lecto-escritura como código por una parte y los usos concretos que de ella se hace, por otra. Con el ordenador en la educación ha llegado también el momento de hablar quizá menos del aparato en sí y más de los usos psico-educativos que hacemos de él. En este artículo se analizan los usos del ordenador en la escuela y las implicaciones psicopedagógicas de esos usos, y se plantea también la materialización de la profecía McLuhiana de la aldea global y del aula sin muros. Por primera vez el aula puede cubrir todo el globo y conectar telemáticamente a niños de todas las culturas. 相似文献
7.
Jim Cummins 《Reading and writing》2012,25(8):1973-1990
The present paper synthesizes the international research literature on the educational achievement of immigrant and minority language students by articulating three propositions for which there is strong empirical evidence: (a) print access and literacy engagement play a key role in promoting reading comprehension; (b) the development of bilingual students?? L1 proficiency plays a positive role in L2 academic development; and (c) societal power relations play a direct causal role in promoting school failure among students from subordinated communities. This interpretation of the empirical evidence is contrasted with the conclusions of recent North American and European reviews. For example, the comprehensive review of literacy development among minority students conducted in the United States by the National Literacy Panel on Language-Minority Children and Youth acknowledged the legitimacy of bilingual education as a policy option but said very little about the role of literacy engagement in promoting reading comprehension. By contrast, various reports of the Programme for International Student Achievement (PISA) conducted by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) highlighted the importance of reading engagement for reading achievement but discounted bilingual education as a feasible or realistic policy option. The instructional implications of the present review include the need for educators to promote print access and literacy engagement, teach for cross-lingual transfer, and affirm students?? identities in classroom interactions. 相似文献
8.
R. Glenn Cummins Justin R. Keene Brandon H. Nutting 《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(1):74-97
Although scholars have generated much research examining enjoyment of mediated sports, much of it has failed to explore how visual production elements shape viewer response. This study examines the impact of one increasingly common technique, subjective camera, on viewer arousal and enjoyment of game play. Participants viewed multiple plays from a college football game that varied in excitatory potential as well as viewing angle. Game play viewed via subjective camera elicited a greater sense of presence in the mediated environment and elicited more frequent arousal responses compared to traditional sideline perspectives of game play. However, the impact of viewing angle on enjoyment as well as self-reported arousal was dependent upon the exciting or dull nature of game play. Invoking the dynamics of excitation transfer theory, we discuss the potential explanations for this relationship as well as its implications for sports broadcasters. 相似文献
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