An investigation into the influence of outdoor environmental education courses on the environmental attitude and behaviours of Malaysian participants: a life history approach     

Sharifah Intan Sharina Syed Abdullah 《Environmental Education Research》2020,26(6):915-916

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Expert Systems used in the identification of misconceptions and assessment in school science: a review and proposed development     

Wan Salihin Wong Abdullah  Phil Wild 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1994,25(1):29-40

From research carried out over the last 20 years, there is now a wealth of data on the identification of students' misconceptions in various topics within science education. Much of the data in the form of questions and students' answers, and analysis of the data is well documented. Within this same period there have been major developments in the programming and use of microcomputer based expert system shells which can use formalised expert knowledge to mimic the processes normally carried out by a human expert. It seems that the two areas of research could, in the fuure, be brought together to provide support for teachers in using the research findings to support the individualised and targeted teaching of students in the classroom. A recent literature search, however, has shown the dearth of activity in this field. This paper reviews the situation at the present time and suggests how the two activities could be united.  相似文献   

A global questionnaire survey of the scholarly communication attitudes and behaviours of early career researchers     

David Nicholas  Hamid R. Jamali  Eti Herman  Anthony Watkinson  Abdullah Abrizah  Blanca Rodríguez‐Bravo  Cherifa Boukacem‐Zeghmouri  Jie Xu  Marzena wigo&#x;  Tatiana Polezhaeva 《Learned Publishing》2020,33(3):198-211

This article describes an international study informed by a 3‐year‐long qualitative longitudinal project, which sought to discover the scholarly communication attitudes and behaviour of early career researchers (ECRs). Using a combination of small‐scale interviews and a larger‐scale survey, ECRs were questioned on their searching and reading behaviour, publishing practices, open data, and their use of social media. Questionnaire invitations were sent out via publisher lists, social media networks, university research networks, and specialist ECR membership organizations. One‐thousand and six‐hundred responses were received, with many coming from China, Russia, and Poland. Results showed that ECRs are adopting millennial‐facing tools/platforms, with Google, Google Scholar, social media, and smartphones becoming embedded in their scholarly activities. Open data sharing obtains widespread support but somewhat less practice. There are some differences in attitudes and behaviour according to age and subject specialism.  相似文献   

Adjuvant effects of saponins on animal immune responses   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Rajput ZI  Hu SH  Xiao CW  Arijo AG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2007,8(3):153-161

Vaccines require optimal adjuvants including immunopotentiator and delivery systems to offer long term protection from infectious diseases in animals and man. Initially it was believed that adjuvants are responsible for promoting strong and sustainable antibody responses. Now it has been shown that adjuvants influence the isotype and avidity of antibody and also affect the properties of cell-mediated immunity. Mostly oil emulsions, lipopolysaccharides, polymers, saponins, liposomes, cytokines, ISCOMs (immunostimulating complexes), Freund’s complete adjuvant, Freund’s incomplete adjuvant, alums, bacterial toxins etc., are common adjuvants under investigation. Saponin based adjuvants have the ability to stimulate the cell mediated immune system as well as to enhance antibody production and have the advantage that only a low dose is needed for adjuvant activity. In the present study the importance of adjuvants, their role and the effect of saponin in immune system is reviewed.  相似文献   

Improvement of the efficacy of influenza vaccination （H5N1） in chicken by using extract of Cochinchina momordica seed （ECMS）   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rajput ZI  Xiao CW  Hu SH  Arijo AG  Soomro NM 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2007,8(5):331-337

Seeds of a Chinese traditional medicine plant, Cochinchina momordica were used in the present study for the improvement of influenza vaccine （HSN 1） in chicken. Crude extraction from Cochinchina momordica seed （ECMS） was obtained by ethanol extraction method. In experiment No. 1, two weeks old chickens were immunized with influenza vaccine （HSN1） alone or combined with ECMS （5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/dose）. Serum IgG antibody levels （by ELISA） as well as effects on dally weight gain were measured on 0, 7, 14 and 28th day after immunization. Results revealed that all ECMS groups numerically increased the antibody levels while 10 and 20 μg/dose groups significantly （P〈0.05） enhanced total IgG antibody on day 28, when compared with control. Average daily weight gain was also significantly higher in 20 μg/dose ECMS group. Adjuvant effect was also confirmed in experiment No. 2 when chickens were immunized with 20 μg/dose ECMS and antibody titer was measured through hemagglutination inhibition （HI）. It is concluded that ECMS has potential to improve the immune responses and deserve further study as an adjuvant.  相似文献   

Effects of Jigsaw III technique on achievement in written expression     

Abdullah??ahinEmail author 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2011,12(3):427-435

The objective of this paper is to compare the Jigsaw III technique (of cooperative learning) with the instructional teacher-centered teaching method in six graders in terms of the effect of written expression on their academic success. The universe of the study consists of 71 sixth-grade students studying during 2009–2010 academic term in a primary school in the province of Erzurum. Two classes were randomly selected: one (n = 35) of which was the control group where teacher-centered teaching method was applied, the other being experimental group (n = 36) where the Jigsaw III technique was applied. In the study, one of the most common application, pretest/posttest with control group experimental design, was chosen. The data regarding the academic success of the groups were collected by means of the achievement test in Turkish course as pretest, posttest and retention test; the students’ opinions about the group works were obtained through feedback form, group work opinionnaire, and data were analyzed through 11.5 SPSS program. The results of the statistical analysis of teaching a written expression course showed that the experimental group did significantly better than the control group in terms of academic success. In addition, it can be said that the students had positive impressions on the Jigsaw III technique.  相似文献   

Language and Superdiversity,by Arnaut,K., Blommaert,J., Rampton,B. & Spotti,M. (Eds.).     

Abdullah Sleman Darwish 《Journal of Language, Identity & Education》2017,16(6):427-429

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Critical Analysis of Primary Literature in a Master’s-Level Class: Effects on Self-Efficacy and Science-Process Skills     

Christopher Abdullah  Julian Parris  Richard Lie  Amy Guzdar  Ella Tour 《CBE life sciences education》2015,14(3)

The ability to think analytically and creatively is crucial for success in the modern workforce, particularly for graduate students, who often aim to become physicians or researchers. Analysis of the primary literature provides an excellent opportunity to practice these skills. We describe a course that includes a structured analysis of four research papers from diverse fields of biology and group exercises in proposing experiments that would follow up on these papers. To facilitate a critical approach to primary literature, we included a paper with questionable data interpretation and two papers investigating the same biological question yet reaching opposite conclusions. We report a significant increase in students’ self-efficacy in analyzing data from research papers, evaluating authors’ conclusions, and designing experiments. Using our science-process skills test, we observe a statistically significant increase in students’ ability to propose an experiment that matches the goal of investigation. We also detect gains in interpretation of controls and quantitative analysis of data. No statistically significant changes were observed in questions that tested the skills of interpretation, inference, and evaluation.  相似文献   

Model reference control of LPV systems     

Ali Abdullah  Mohamed Zribi 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2009,346(9):777-871

This paper deals with the problem of model reference control for linear parameter varying (LPV) systems. The LPV systems under consideration depend on a set of parameters that are bounded and available online. The main contribution of this paper is to design an LPV model reference control scheme for LPV systems whose state-space matrices depend affinely on a set of time-varying parameters that are bounded and available online. The design problem is divided into two subproblems: the design of the coefficient matrices of the controller and the design of the gain of the state feedback controller for LPV systems. The singular value decomposition is used to obtain the coefficient matrices, while the linear matrix inequality methodology is used to obtain the parameter-dependent state feedback gain of the control scheme. A simple numerical example is used to illustrate the proposed design and a coupled-tank process example is used to demonstrate the usefulness and practicality of the proposed design. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme works well.  相似文献   

The Effect of Including Pretest Items in an Operational Computerized Adaptive Test: Do Different Ability Examinees Spend Different Amounts of Time on Embedded Pretest Items?     

Abdullah A. Ferdous  Barbara S. Plake  Shu-Ren Chang 《Educational Assessment》2013,18(2):161-173

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pretest items on response time in an operational, fixed-length, time-limited computerized adaptive test (CAT). These pretest items are embedded within the CAT, but unlike the operational items, are not tailored to the examinee's ability level. If examinees with higher ability levels need less time to complete these items than do their counterparts with lower ability levels, they will have more time to devote to the operational test questions. Data were from a graduate admissions test that was administered worldwide. Data from both quantitative and verbal sections of the test were considered. For the verbal section, examinees in the lower ability groups spent systematically more time on their pretest items than did those in the higher ability groups, though for the quantitative section the differences were less clear.  相似文献