The interaction of student characteristics and science teaching on student perception of the learning environment     

Fordham  Adrian 《Research in Science Education》1978,8(1):89-98

Conclusion The interactive perspective adopted in this study suggested an alternative approach to the study of the effects of student characteristics upon their perceptions of the classroom. This perspective emphasised the necessity to examine the nature of the interaction between the student (or more exactly the student variable) and his learning environment before testing for the presence of these effects. Six relationships were consequently proposed, and both the analyses and qualitative data supported the presence of five of these in the ongoing activities of the classroom. This paper forms part of a larger study done by the author while a member of the Education Research Unit, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University.  相似文献   

Student loans and their alternatives: improving the performance of deferred payment programs     

Douglas Albrecht  Adrian Ziderman 《Higher Education》1992,23(4):357-374

The opportunities for increasing student contributions to the costs of higher education are many. Student loans have received much attention both in literature and in practice. While they have not always worked well, we have argued that suitably reformed, they can constitute a productive, though limited, mechanism for cost recovery. In certain countries, however, other mechanisms may be more appropriate. Indeed, the policy maker is presented with a wide menu of policy choices, though some creativity may be required in their application to particular local settings. Currently, loan programs exist in over 50 developing and industrial countries, and have been introduced most commonly to assist students to pay their living expenses.In order to improve financial effectiveness, programs should be targeted toward the most needy and able students. Hidden subsidies should be limited by charging positive real interest rates, combined with repayment plans that take account of the likely pattern of graduate earnings. Default reductions require that loan programs be managed by institutions with the capacity and financial incentives to collect - namely banks, private collection agencies, or taxation departments. Such reforms offer great potential to transform small programs into relatively efficient forms of student support.Larger programs, however, may be more difficult to manage. Some countries have considered alternatives which preserve the basic concept of paying for education from future income. The most notable is a graduate tax in which a student pays a fixed percentage of income over the entire working life, regardless of how much is repaid. Another option is national service which require students to perform socially productive work in exchange for part or all of education costs. In the presence of an effective tax system, a graduate tax could bring in significantly more revenue than traditional loan programs. Besides improved financial efficiency, income contingent payments may be more equitable since they limit the risk to poorer students. In countries with weak taxation systems, this option may not be feasible.  相似文献   

Development,Evaluation and Use of a Student Experience Survey in Undergraduate Science Laboratories: The Advancing Science by Enhancing Learning in the Laboratory Student Laboratory Learning Experience Survey     

Simon C. Barrie  Robert B. Bucat  Mark A. Buntine  Karen Burke da Silva  Geoffrey T. Crisp  Adrian V. George 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(11):1795-1814

Student experience surveys have become increasingly popular to probe various aspects of processes and outcomes in higher education, such as measuring student perceptions of the learning environment and identifying aspects that could be improved. This paper reports on a particular survey for evaluating individual experiments that has been developed over some 15 years as part of a large national Australian study pertaining to the area of undergraduate laboratories—Advancing Science by Enhancing Learning in the Laboratory. This paper reports on the development of the survey instrument and the evaluation of the survey using student responses to experiments from different institutions in Australia, New Zealand and the USA. A total of 3153 student responses have been analysed using factor analysis. Three factors, motivation, assessment and resources, have been identified as contributing to improved student attitudes to laboratory activities. A central focus of the survey is to provide feedback to practitioners to iteratively improve experiments. Implications for practitioners and researchers are also discussed.  相似文献   

Curate's Egg Pursued by Red Herrings: A Reply to Eric Dunning and Graham Curry     

Adrian Harvey 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(1):127-131

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An oval ball and a broken city: coventry,its people and its rugby team, 1995–98     

Adrian Smith 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(3):147-157

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Mapping not tracing: qualitative educational research with political teeth     

Adrian D. Martin  George Kamberelis 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2013,26(6):668-679

In this article, we deploy ideas from Deleuze and Guattari to argue for the importance of engaging in educational research practice designed to be productive (mapping) rather than representational (tracing). First, we introduce the significance of our approach for educational research practice. Second, we unpack key constructs from Deleuze and Guattari required for constructing our argument, and we outline the shape of mapping as productive or transformative research practice. Third, we share critical summaries of several studies that utilized mapping to engage in this kind of research practice. Finally, we discuss the nature, effects, and relevance of mapping as educational research practice.  相似文献   

香港巴塞尔,沙漠中的绿洲?     

Adrian Wang 《收藏》2013,(12):58-63

本届香港巴塞尔艺术展(Art Basel HK)早在举办前就已收获了艺术圈的足够关注和期待,开幕当天雷暴雨的天气也并未消减业内人士对于此的热情。这是两年前MHC瑞士展会集团收购香港艺博会(Art HK)后的首次试水,香港艺博会自2008年成立5年后进而成为亚洲最重要的国际级博览会之一,几乎奇迹般地将香港这片艺术沙漠变为亚太地区的艺术交易重镇。对于瑞士人来说,如何借鉴巴塞尔与迈阿密海滩巴塞尔艺术展的欧美模式,使之恰当地融入亚洲艺术市场的环境中,成了主办方的首要课题。  相似文献   

A bioengineering analysis of human muscle and joint forces in the lower limbs during running     

Robert N. Harrison  Adrian Lees  Patrick J.J. McCullagh  William B. Rowe 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):201-218

A two‐dimensional, dynamic bioengineering model of the lower limbs was developed in order to estimate muscle and joint forces present during running at 4.5 m s ^‐1. Data were collected from four subjects using a force platform and cine film. Individual X‐rays and anthropometric data from the lower limbs were utilized to produce accurate bone models of the subjects’ legs. Electromyographic verification of the model was undertaken while a runner was undergoing treadmill running at 4.5 m s^‐1. Results indicate that peak muscle forces of 22 times subject body weight (22 BW) could be present in the quadriceps muscle group and 7 BW in the gastrocnemius. The anterior shin muscles were found to be active for the first 9% of stance phase only, and compressive loads of 33 BW were found in the knee joint. The relationship between these nigh forces in the lower limbs and running related injuries is discussed.  相似文献   

Technique analysis in sports: a critical review     

Adrian Lees 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):813-828

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Validity and reliability of GPS for measuring distance travelled in field-based team sports     

Adrian J. Gray  David Jenkins  Mark H. Andrews  Dennis R. Taaffe  Megan L. Glover 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1319-1325

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of movement intensity and path linearity on global positioning system (GPS) distance validity and reliability. One participant wore eight 1-Hz GPS receivers while walking, jogging, running, and sprinting over linear and non-linear 200-m courses. Five trials were performed at each intensity of movement on each 200-m course. One receiver was excluded from analysis due to errors during data collection. The results from seven GPS receivers showed the mean (±s) and percent bias of the GPS distance values on the 200-m linear course were 205.8 ± 2.4 m (2.8%), 201.8 ± 2.8 m (0.8%), 203.1 ± 2.2 m (1.5%), and 205.2 ± 4 m (2.5%) for the walk, jog, run, and sprint trial respectively. Walk and sprint distances were significantly different from jogging and running distances (P < 0.05). The GPS distance values on the 200-m non-linear course were 198.9 ± 3.5 m (?0.5%), 188.3 ± 2 m (?5.8%), 184.6 ± 2.9 m (?7.7%), and 180.4 ± 5.7 m (?9.8%) for the walk, jog, run, and sprint trial respectively; these were significantly lower than those for the corresponding values on the linear course (P < 0.05). Differences between all non-linear movement intensities were significant (P < 0.05). The overall coefficient of variation within and between receivers was 2.6% and 2.8% respectively. Path linearity and movement intensity appear to affect GPS distance accuracy via inherent positioning errors, update rate, and conditions of use; reliability decreases with movement intensity.  相似文献