Speaking Personally—With Tony Bates     

Alain Jaillet 《The American journal of distance education》2013,27(2):105-109

Abstract

The articles published in D &; S concerning the creation and operation of remote training methods can be characterized according to the points of view taken by experts or researchers. The authors are interested in three particular aspects of the training process: organization, design, and impact. Different approaches in the design of these methods determine the economy of their structure. They may include certain constraints, such as when a team has a specific and voluntarist vision or when seeking safety by keeping to the norms, or, on the contrary, to pragmatic approaches consisting in adapting to the situation. All the proposals focus on a central theme: supporting students from a distance.  相似文献   

James Matthews Duncan 1826–1890     

Alain Besson 《Health information and libraries journal》1984,1(3):175-176

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Description of Collections and Encyclopaedias on the Web using XML     

Alain Michard  Giang Pham-Dac 《Archives and Museum Informatics》1998,12(1):39-79

Cataloguing artworks relies on availability of classification schemes, often represented by hierarchical thesauri. After commenting on the limitation of current practices and tools, we propose a new approach for the cooperative production of multilingual and multicultural classification schemes, exploiting some features of the oncoming XML-based Web.  相似文献   

Decline or transformation of the universities?     

Alain Touraine 《Prospects》1980,10(2):189-195

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Physical activity awareness of European adolescents: The HELENA study     

Jérémy Vanhelst  Laurent Béghin  Alain Duhamel  Stefaan De Henauw  Jonatan R. Ruiz  Anthony Kafatos 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(5):558-564

The aim of this study was to assess physical activity (PA) awareness of adolescents and to identify anthropometric and psychosocial factors that can lead to under or overestimation of PA. This study included 2044 adolescents. Participants wore a uniaxial accelerometer for 7 days to measure PA and completed a self-rated questionnaire about PA. Adolescents were classified into four PA awareness subgroups (realistically active, overestimators, underestimators and realistically inactive) according to the self-rated and objective assessment of PA. Characteristics and psychosocial factors of the self-rated physically active groups were compared using bivariate and multivariate mixed logistic regression models. Forty-five percent of adolescents reported their PA levels correctly (34.8% realistically active and 10.1% realistically inactive). Among the 59.4% who were objectively inactive, 82.9% tended to overestimate their PA level. Adolescents who overestimated their PA level were older (P < .05), had more support from mother and a best friend (P < .05) and had higher cardiorespiratory fitness (P < .001) compared with those who were realistically active. A significant number of adolescents believe that they are physically active when they are not. Improving awareness, especially in the high-risk groups identified here, might help to bring about behavioural changes in physically inactive adolescents.  相似文献   

Neural mechanisms of strength increase after one-week motor imagery training     

Sidney Grosprêtre  Thomas Jacquet  Florent Lebon  Charalambos Papaxanthis  Alain Martin 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(2):209-218

The neural mechanisms explaining strength increase following mental training by motor imagery (MI) are not clearly understood. While gains are mostly attributed to cortical reorganization, the sub-cortical adaptations have never been investigated. The present study investigated the effects of MI training on muscle force capacity and the related spinal and supraspinal mechanisms. Eighteen young healthy participants (mean age: 22.5?±?2.6) took part in the experiment. They were distributed into two groups: a control group (n?=?9) and an MI training group (n?=?9). The MI group performed seven consecutive sessions (one per day) of imagined maximal isometric plantar flexion (4 blocks of 25 trials per session). The control group did not engage in any physical or mental training. Both groups were tested for the isometric maximal plantar flexion torque (MVC) and the rate of torque development (RTD) before and after the training session. In addition, soleus and medial gastrocnemius spinal and supraspinal adaptations were assessed through the recording of H-reflexes and V-waves, with electrical stimulations of the posterior tibial nerve evoked at rest and during MVC, respectively. After one week, only the MI training group increased both plantar flexion MVC and RTD. The enhancement of muscle torque capacity was accompanied by significant increase of electromyographic activity and V-wave during MVC and of H-reflex at rest. The increased cortical descending neural drive and the excitability of spinal networks at rest could explain the greater RTD and MVC after one week of MI training.  相似文献   

Discriminant analysis of anthropometric and biomotor variables among elite adolescent female athletes in four sports   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Leone M  Lariviere G  Comtois AS 《Journal of sports sciences》2002,20(6):443-449

The aim of this study was to identify anthropometric and biomotor variables that discriminated among groups of elite adolescent female athletes aged 14.3 +/- 1.3 years (mean +/- s) from four different sports (tennis, n = 15; swimming, n = 23; figure skating, n = 46; volleyball, n = 16). The anthropometric variables included body mass, height, bi-epicondylar breadth of the distal extremity of the humerus and femur, maximal girth of the calf and biceps and the sum of five adipose skinfolds. The biomotor variables were maximal aerobic power, muscular endurance and flexibility of the trunk. Discriminant analysis revealed three significant functions (P < 0. 05). The first discriminant function primarily represented differences between figure skaters and all other groups of athletes. The other two underlined anthropometric and biomotor differences between swimmers and volleyball players and between tennis players and swimmers, respectively. After validation, the analysis showed that 88% of the athletes were correctly classified in their respective sports. Our model confirms that elite adolescent female athletes show physical and biomotor differences that clearly distinguish them according to their particular sport.  相似文献   

Education and Multimedia: the actions of the European Union     

André Richier  Alain Dumort  Corinne Hermant  Marielle Riché‐Magnier 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1997,20(1):33-37

This paper sets out the findings and recommendations of a task force which was set up by the European Commission which investigated the “Educational Multimedia”. It illustrates some of the strategic planning which has taken place across EU member states to co‐ordinate work on new education technologies to enhance teaching and learning.  相似文献   

Force-velocity characteristics of upper limb extension during maximal wheelchair sprinting performed by healthy able-bodied females     

Hintzy F  Tordi N  Predine E  Rouillon JD  Belli A 《Journal of sports sciences》2003,21(11):921-926

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between force and velocity parameters during a specific multi-articular upper limb movement--namely, hand rim propulsion on a wheelchair ergometer. Seventeen healthy able-bodied females performed nine maximal sprints of 8 s duration with friction torques varying from 0 to 4 N x m. The wheelchair ergometer system allows measurement of forces exerted on the wheels and linear velocity of the wheel at 100 Hz. These data were averaged for the duration of each arm cycle. Peak force and the corresponding maximal velocity were determined during three consecutive arm cycles for each sprint condition. Individual force-velocity relationships were established for peak force and velocity using data for the nine sprints. In line with the results of previous studies on leg cycling or arm cranking, the force-velocity relationship was linear in all participants (r = -0.798 to -0.983, P < 0.01). The maximal power output (mean 1.28 W x kg(-1)) and the corresponding optimal velocity (1.49 m x s(-1)) and optimal force (52.3 N) calculated from the individual force-velocity regression were comparable with values reported in the literature during 20 or 30 s wheelchair sprints, but lower than those obtained during maximal arm cranking. A positive linear relationship (r = 0.678, P < 0.01) was found between maximal power and optimal velocity. Our findings suggest that although absolute values of force, velocity and power depend on the type of movement, the force-velocity relationship obtained in multi-articular limb action is similar to that obtained in wheelchair locomotion, cycling and arm cranking.  相似文献   

Does company strategy have any lessons for educational planning?     

Alain Bienaymé 《Prospects》1989,19(2):243-255

former Member of the Administrative Board of the International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP).Author of: Entreprise, marchés, étatand L'enseignement supérieur et l'idée d'université.  相似文献