Science Teacher Education in Brazil: 1950–2000     

Alberto Villani  Jesuina Lopes de Almeida Pacca  Denise de Freitas 《Science & Education》2009,18(1):125-148

This paper analyzes the most significant events occurring in Brazil’s educational, social and political areas over the last half century, viewed against a background of relevant worldwide events. The hypothesis presented here is that the relations between the country’s educational policies, the demands of the various segments of academia, and the public school system have always been strained. This strain has contributed positively to the evolution of academic knowledge and production, to the design of more modern curricular projects by institutional authorities, and to the initial recognition of the specific construction of school knowledge by the school system itself. However, the interaction of these major institutions lacks a crucial element—one that would lead to an effective change in the education of science teachers and produce a positive impact on Brazil’s schools—namely, the wholehearted participation of science teachers themselves. With this analysis, we intend to contribute by offering some perspectives and proposals for science teacher education in Brazil.  相似文献   

Contemporary Science and Worldview-Making     

Alberto Cordero 《Science & Education》2009,18(6-7):747-764

This paper discusses the impact of contemporary scientific knowledge on worldviews. The first three sections provide epistemological background for the arguments that follow. Sections 2 and 3 discuss the reliable part of science, specifically the characterization, scope and limits of the present scientific canon. Section 4 deals with the mode of thinking responsible for both the canon’s credibility and its power to guide speculative activity. With these preliminaries in place, the remainder of the paper addresses the issue of tolerance to “alternative perspectives”. The analyses in this part focus on the extent to which mature scientific thought embodies open-mindedness, with pluralism and competition between perspectives as central themes. I argue for four related claims, concerning scientific literacy, the impact of the canon on rational speculation, the limits of scientific pluralism, and the popular idea that recent forms of “scientific (natural) theology” have rational merit and can help worldview-making in our age, respectively: (C1) Which theories and narratives (or parts of them) belong in the scientific canon, and whether they are worldview independent, are matters contingent upon the state of knowledge—not something one can convincingly determine on metascientific or transcendental insight. (C2) The current scientific canon and its associated methodology provide research with strong directionality, often against popular currents. (C3) Current science does marginalize some views dear to many people. (C4) Although natural theology “officially” purports to embody scientific methodology, all it presently has on offer are poorly thought out ventures embodying (at best) only relaxed versions of that methodology; if so, the relationship between current projects in natural theology and science cannot (without begging the question) be reasonably described as one of “partial overlap”, “mutual modification”, or “ongoing complementarity”.  相似文献   

Commercializing the laboratory: Faculty patenting and the open science environment     

Kira R. Fabrizio  Alberto Di Minin 《Research Policy》2008,37(5):914-931

This paper investigates the relationship between patenting and publication of research results by university faculty members. Our study adds to the limited evidence on this topic with an empirical investigation based on a panel data set for a broad sample of university researchers. Results suggest that publication and patenting are complementary, not substitute, activities for faculty members. This is not consistent with recent concerns regarding deleterious effects of patenting on the research output of faculty members. Average citations to publications, however, appear to decline for repeat patenters, suggesting either a decrease in quality or restrictions on use associated in patent protection.  相似文献   

The role of SME entrepreneurs’ innovativeness and personality in the adoption of innovations     

Alberto Marcati  Alessandro M. Peluso 《Research Policy》2008,37(9):1579-1590

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Intensity of emotional energy in situated cultural practices of science education     

Davis  James P.  Bellocchi  Alberto 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2020,15(2):359-388

Cultural Studies of Science Education - This study addresses the need for innovative research approaches in science education for understanding better the inter-relationships between emotion and...  相似文献   

Using immersive virtual reality to support designing skills in vocational education     

Kevin Gonyop Kim  Catharine Oertel  Martin Dobricki  Jennifer K. Olsen  Alessia E. Coppi  Alberto Cattaneo  Pierre Dillenbourg 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2020,51(6):2199-2213

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A novel Cervical Spine Protection device for reducing neck injuries in contact sports: design concepts and preliminary in vivo testing*     

Paolo Caravaggi  Alberto Leardini  Claudio Belvedere 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(3):382-394

Abstract

Head and neck injuries are common in contact sports such as American football. Different mechanisms can produce such injuries, including compressive impact forces on the crown of the helmet with the neck in a flexed chin-down position. The aim of this paper was developing and testing a novel Cervical Spine Protection Device (CSPD) designed to keep the neck within its safe physiological range. The cervical spine range of motion (ROM) of ten participants was measured under four conditions: free; wearing a football gear; wearing the CSPD; and wearing the CSPD underneath the gear. The CSPD was tested in terms of passive and active restraint of head motion, and for its capability to improve endurance time of the neck extensor muscles. Wearing the CSPD resulted in a significant 40–60% reduction in ROM across the three anatomical planes, and in increased endurance of the neck extensor muscles (FREE: 114 ± 57 s; CSPD: 214 ± 95 s; p = 0.004). In quasi-static loading conditions the CSPD was capable of keeping the neck within its physiological range, thus it may be used to decrease the risk of severe injuries due to dangerous chin-down positions.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

William W. Brickman  Willy Strzelewicz  William Taylor  Joachim H. Knoll  Mark Blaug  Oskar Anweiler  Andreas Fuchs  Gilda L. de Romero Brest  Alberto Aráoz  Wolfgang Brezinka  Enrique Oteiza  W. F. Connell  Robert J. Havighurst  Daniel F. Wozniak  Wolfgang Roth  Karl Frey  Alfons Otto Schorb 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1970,16(2):221-249

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Changing Patterns in the Middle Management of Higher Education Institutions: The Case of Portugal   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rui Santiago  Teresa Carvalho  Alberto Amaral  V. Lynn Meek 《Higher Education》2006,52(2):215-250

Abstact Much of the writing on higher education in recent years has tended to assume that the new management push in higher education is both universal and irreversible. This paper, however, presents evidence from Portugal to challenge that assumption. While elements of the new managerialism are clearly evident in the perceptions and attitudes of academics in charge of the basic academic units (departments/schools and faculties) in the country’s universities and polytechnics, academic management remains faced with a complex, contradictory and conflicting set of demands and expectations which is likely to take a considerable time to resolve.  相似文献   

Science,objectivity and moral values     

Alberto Cordero 《Science & Education》1992,1(1):49-70

Scientific facts are loaded with values, but, it is argued, this does not viciously compromise the objectivity of scientific claims, because the values that permeate scientific discourse (a) are loaded in turn with facts, (b) are not immune from critical revision, and (c) have changed in the past and continue to be subjected to revision. In science, unlike such enterprises as Scientific Creationism, values are discovered, introduced, tested and challenged in the same way that other aspects of scientific discourse are. All of this makes scientific discourse relevant to the contemporary exploration and critique of human values in general, particularly as more aspects of life become illuminated by science.Research for this paper was made possible in part by RF-CUNY (grant PSC-CUNY 669106). A preliminary version of this paper was given at Universite de Fribourg, Switzerland, May 1990.  相似文献