Brain Engagement During a Cognitive Flexibility Task Relates to Academic Performance in English Learners     

Tehila Nugiel  Mackenzie E. Mitchell  Damion V. Demeter  AnnaCarolina Garza  Paul T. Cirino  Arturo E. Hernandez  Jenifer Juranek  Jessica A. Church 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2023,17(2):149-160

English Learners (ELs), students from non-English-speaking backgrounds, are a fast-growing, understudied, group of students in the U.S. with unique learning challenges. Cognitive flexibility—the ability to switch between task demands with ease—may be an important factor in learning for ELs as they have to manage learning in their non-dominant language and access knowledge in multiple languages. We used functional MRI to measure cognitive flexibility brain activity in a group of Hispanic middle school ELs (N = 63) and related it to their academic skills. We found that brain engagement during the cognitive flexibility task was related to both out-of-scanner reading and math measures. These relationships were observed across the brain, including in cognitive control, attention, and default mode networks. This work suggests the real-world importance of cognitive flexibility for adolescent ELs, where individual differences in brain engagement were associated with educational outcomes.  相似文献   

Orthographic learning in Spanish children     

Paz Surez‐Coalla  Marta lvarez‐Caizo  Fernando Cuetos 《Journal of Research in Reading》2016,39(3):292-311

In order to read fluently, children have to form orthographic representations. Despite numerous investigations, there is no clear answer to the question of the number of times they need to read a word to form an orthographic representation. We used length effect on reading times as a measure, because there are large differences between long and short words for unknown words, differences that disappear when reading frequent words. Two lists of new words (half short and half long) were presented to 102 second‐grade to sixth‐grade Spanish children, to be read aloud six times. One of the lists was presented as part of a story and the other in isolation. Comparison of the length effect at the first and sixth exposure showed large differences between short and long words in the first presentation and small differences at the sixth presentation, indicating that Spanish children develop representations of words after just a few repetitions.  相似文献   

Foreword     

Jet Proost Editor‐in‐Chief 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(2)

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Book reviews     

Eileen Piggot‐Irvine 《高等教育研究与发展》2010,29(2):211-214

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Editorial     

Rod Parker‐Rees 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2010,30(3):201-203

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Altitude and wind effects on long jump performance with particular reference to the world record established by Bob Beamon     

A.J. Ward‐Smith 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(2):89-99

An analysis of long jump performance, including both the approach and aerial phases, is applied to Bob Beamon's legendary leap at the Mexico City Olympic Games of 1968. It is shown that the combined effects of altitude and wind assistance yielded an increment in the length of the jump of about 31 cm, compared to a corresponding jump at sea level under still air conditions. The main factor is shown to be the increased sprinting speed attained under favourable conditions of wind and altitude.  相似文献   

Improving the Academic Performance of Non‐native English‐Speaking Students: the Contribution of Pre‐sessional English Language Programmes          下载免费PDF全文

Andy Thorpe  Martin Snell  Sue Davey‐Evans  Richard Talman 《Higher Education Quarterly》2017,71(1):5-32

There is an established, if weak, inverse relationship between levels of English language proficiency and academic performance in higher education. In response, higher education institutions (HEIs) insist upon minimum entry requirements concerning language for international applicants. Many HEIs now also offer pre‐sessional English courses to bring applicants up to the designated language requirement. This paper revisits the research into language proficiency and academic performance using data on all full‐time students (17,925) attending a major UK HEI in the academic year 2011–2012, 4,342 of whom were non‐native English speakers. The findings confirm that while higher International English Language Testing System (IELTS) marks at entry translate into higher grade point averages (GPAs), students who undertake pre‐sessional courses do notably worse in GPA terms than students who arrive with acceptable (for the course) IELTS scores. These findings suggest HEIs (and, by extension, international students) could benefit from a review regarding the appropriateness of current pre‐sessional English language proficiency programmes.  相似文献   

Stir It Up: Home Economics in American Culture by Megan J. Elias     

ANNE‐LISE HALVORSEN 《History of education quarterly》2011,51(3):413-415

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Foreword     

Jet Proost Editor‐in‐Chief 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(3)

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Excellent editors need to be good authors too     

HE Xiao‐jun  CHEN Zhen‐ying 《Learned Publishing》2013,26(1):42-44

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