Prospective teachers' initial conceptions about pupils' understanding of science and mathematics     

Annica Gullberg  Eva Kellner  Iiris Attorps  Ingvar Thorén  Roy Tärneberg 《欧洲师范教育杂志》2008,31(3):257-278

Earlier reports have shown that prospective teachers' conceptions about teaching science to a high degree are resistant and do not change substantially during the teacher‐training programme. In our investigation we elucidate the prospective teachers' initial conceptions about pupils' understanding of science and mathematics. We applied ‘The Lesson Preparation Method' and used a phenomenographic approach in order to reveal the range of conceptions that the prospective teachers hold. A third of the prospective teachers did not consider pupils' conceptions when planning lessons. The rest of the 32 participants expressed awareness; some of the prospective teachers even referred to subject‐specific teaching experience. Also regarding the prospective teachers' conceptions about pupils' knowledge and beliefs, as well as about pupils' difficulties, there was a significant diversity. By raising these issues about pedagogical content knowledge the prospective teachers' conceptions can be extended and developed during the education.  相似文献   

The open method of coordination and the implementation of the Bologna process     

Amélia Veiga  Alberto Amaral 《Tertiary Education and Management》2006,12(4):283-295

In this paper the authors argue that the use of the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) in the implementation of the Bologna process presents coordination problems that do not allow for the full coherence of the results. As the process is quite complex, involving three different levels (European, national and local) and as the final actors in the implementation process higher education institutions (HEIs) have considerable degree of autonomy, assuming that the implementation of Bologna is a top–down linear policy implementation process does not account for the developments taking place, which produce implementation difficulties at several different levels. Constraints resulting from economic concerns at European and national levels may be an obstacle for the Bologna’s contribution to a social Europe.  相似文献   

The Relationship Between School Composition,School Process and Mathematics Achievement in Secondary Education in Argentina     

Rubén?Alberto?Cervini?IturreEmail author 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2005,51(2-3):173-200

Using data from the 1998 High School National Census from the Ministry of Education and Culture of Argentina, the present study examines relationships between school composition, some characteristics of schooling (such as institutional culture and climate), and students’ achievement in Mathematics in the last year of high school. The study applies multilevel linear modeling on the levels of student, school and state. It finds a close relationship between achievement in Mathematics and the variables of school composition and schooling processes. It shows that when both variables act together, the effect of all other variables significantly decreases. The variables of schooling processes, however, even when diminished in influence, nonetheless notably continue to affect students’ achievements. The study also identifes a reference model for future studies evaluating other institutional factors of learning.  相似文献   

Studying activities that take place in speech interactions: a theoretical and methodological framework     

Valérie Saint-Dizier de Almeida  Jean-Marc Colletta  Emmanuelle Auriac-Slusarczyk  Antonietta Specogna  Jean-Pascal Simon  Gabriela Fiema 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2016,29(5):686-713

The paper proposes a theoretical and methodological framework based on a pluralistic, concerted approach to the study of activities that take place in and through speech interactions. The framework has a general scope, applying to any collective activity taking form through language interactions. It contributes to a fuller understanding of the dynamics of activity and the emergence of the phenomena observed. The framework fits a constructivist and interactionist paradigm. It allows an approach to different dimensions of the activity: communicational, functional, discursive and interlocutory. The theories, models, concepts and methods chosen to address each of the dimensions are presented. From the study of a collaborative philosophical inquiry produced in the first year of a French primary school, we illustrate the use of the framework and show how it can be enriched according to the nature of the activity studied and researchers’ aims.  相似文献   

Analysis of the cognitive unity or rupture between conjecture and proof when learning to prove on a grade 10 trigonometry course     

Jorge?Fiallo  Angel?GutiérrezEmail author 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2017,96(2):145-167

We present results from a classroom-based intervention designed to help a class of grade 10 students (14–15 years old) learn proof while studying trigonometry in a dynamic geometry software environment. We analysed some students’ solutions to conjecture-and-proof problems that let them gain experience in stating conjectures and developing proofs. Grounded on a conception of proof that includes both empirical and deductive mathematical argumentations, we show the trajectories of some students progressing from developing basic empirical proofs towards developing deductive proofs and understanding the role of conjectures and proofs in mathematics. Our analysis of students’ solutions is based on networking Boero et al.’s construct of cognitive unity of theorems, Pedemonte’s structural and referential analysis of conjectures and proofs, and Balacheff and Margolinas’ cK¢ model, while using Toulmin schemes to represent students’ productions. This combination has allowed us to identify several emerging types of cognitive unity/rupture, corresponding to different ways of solving conjecture-and-proof problems. We also show that some types of cognitive unity/rupture seem to induce students to produce deductive proofs, whereas other types seem to induce them to produce empirical proofs.  相似文献   

Developing and implementing a robust and flexible framework for the evaluation and impact of educational development in higher education in Chile     

Beatriz Moya  Héctor Turra  Denise Chalmers 《International Journal for Academic Development》2019,24(2):163-177

ABSTRACT

This article describes the development of an evaluation and impact framework to assess the effectiveness of educational innovations. It can be utilized within a single program, as well as at institutional and national levels. While it is contextualized in a Chilean university, it is argued that it is widely applicable as it is informed by international best practice.

The rationale that informed the development of the evaluation framework is described and is illustrated using two programs: Faculty Learning Communities; and Student Learning Assistants. These demonstrate how the framework can be customized utilizing indicators and outcomes relevant to specific programs and stakeholders.  相似文献   

Search behavior of dogs (Canis familiaris) in invisible displacement problems     

Sylvain Gagnon  François Y. Doré 《Learning & behavior》1993,21(3):246-254

Gagnon and Doré (1992) showed that domestic dogs are able to solve a Piagetian object permanence task called the invisible displacement problem. A toy is hidden in a container which is moved behind a screen where the toy is removed and left. Dogs make more errors in these problems than they do in visible displacement tests, in which the object is hidden directly behind the target screen. In Experiment 1, we examined components of the standard procedure of invisible displacements that may make encoding or retention of the hiding location more difficult than it is in visible displacements. In Experiment 2, we compared dogs’ performances in visible and invisible displacement problems when delays of 0, 10, and 20 sec were introduced between the object’s final disappearance and the subject’s release. The results revealed that dogs’ poorer performance in invisible displacement tests is related to the complex sequence of events that have to be encoded or remembered as well as to a difficulty in representing the position change that is signaled, but not directly perceived.  相似文献   

Trajectories of Infants’ Biobehavioral Development: Timing and Rate of A‐Not‐B Performance Gains and EEG Maturation          下载免费PDF全文

Leigha A. MacNeill  Nilam Ram  Martha Ann Bell  Nathan A. Fox  Koraly Pérez‐Edgar 《Child development》2018,89(3):711-724

This study examined how timing (i.e., relative maturity) and rate (i.e., how quickly infants attain proficiency) of A‐not‐B performance were related to changes in brain activity from age 6 to 12 months. A‐not‐B performance and resting EEG (electroencephalography) were measured monthly from age 6 to 12 months in 28 infants and were modeled using logistic and linear growth curve models. Infants with faster performance rates reached performance milestones earlier. Infants with faster rates of increase in A‐not‐B performance had lower occipital power at 6 months and greater linear increases in occipital power. The results underscore the importance of considering nonlinear change processes for studying infants’ cognitive development as well as how these changes are related to trajectories of EEG power.  相似文献   

无线局域网的远程应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

缪秀娥 《广东轻工职业技术学院学报》2002,1(1):11-13

作为有线网络的扩展和补充，无线局域网具有很强的组网功能和很好的性价比。本文研究在远程几公里至几十公里情况下无线局域网应用的结构类型和两个远程点定向天线的对准。  相似文献   

Quelques Erreurs Pouvant être Liées à Une Difficulté à Concevoir un Ensemble Comme un Objet Distinct De Ses éléments Chez Des étudiants Et Des étudiantes Universitaires     

Kalifa Traoré  Caroline Lajoie  Roberta Mura 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2007,64(3):247-264

As a first step of a project on learning difficulties in elementary set theory, we carried out a study aimed at identifying some of the difficulties encountered by a group of 21 mathematics majors taking a course on logic and set theory. In this paper, we shall discuss one of the difficulties that we observed, namely a difficulty in conceiving a set as an object distinct from its elements, i.e. failing to fully grant sets the status of objects. This difficulty may be related to the following three types of errors that we observed in the students' first assignment: (1) confusing belonging and inclusion, (2) confusing the union of sets A, B, C, ... with the set whose elements are A, B, C, … and (3) adding or deleting curly brackets. We shall present excerpts from the students' work illustrating these three types of errors and explain how they may be related to a difficulty in conceiving a set as an object distinct from its elements.  相似文献