Engagement Project: elements for a reformulation of the Tutorial Action Plan of the Teacher Training degrees at the University of Barcelona / Proyecto Engagement: elementos para una reformulación del Plan de Acción Tutorial de los grados de maestro en la Universidad de Barcelona     

Diego Calderón-Garrido  Josep Gustems-Carnicer  Maria-Eugènia Arús  Ana Ayuste-Gonzalez  Albert Batalla  Roser Boix 《Cultura y Educación》2019,31(1):188-197

As a teaching method, tutorials are fundamental to university education, and are underpinned by the following goals: to accompany students; to help them establish a clear training pathway; and to promote their academic achievement. Our proposal aims to introduce psychological aspects into the Tutorial Action Plan (TAP) which, while often left unattended, are closely related to academic achievement. Our objective is to identify the relation between the academic commitment of pre-service teachers (preschool education, primary education and double degree students) at the UB and stress and coping skills, academic motivation, achievement and self-efficacy, as well as the opinions of students and tutors on the resources used during TAP and potential improvements to it. This is a transversal prospective exploratory study, applying the following questionnaires: Academic commitment (UWESS-9); Perceived Stress Scale (PSS); Self-efficacy (NGSE); Motivation (MSLQ); and two ad hoc online questionnaires. In conclusion, we hope that the results of this study will help us reformulate the TAP of said degree programmes, improving personalized attention and the quality of the student tutorial system, which is one of the standards used to assess universities.  相似文献   

The myth of global science collaboration—Collaboration patterns in epistemic communities     

Stefan Hennemann  Diego Rybski  Ingo Liefner 《Journal of Informetrics》2012,6(2):217-225

Scientific collaboration is often perceived as a joint global process that involves researchers worldwide, regardless of their place of work and residence. Globalization of science, in this respect, implies that collaboration among scientists takes place along the lines of common topics and irrespective of the spatial distances between the collaborators. The networks of collaborators, termed ‘epistemic communities’, should thus have a space-independent structure. This paper shows that such a notion of globalized scientific collaboration is not supported by empirical data. It introduces a novel approach of analyzing distance-dependent probabilities of collaboration. The results of the analysis of six distinct scientific fields reveal that intra-country collaboration is about 10–50 times more likely to occur than international collaboration. Moreover, strong dependencies exist between collaboration activity (measured in co-authorships) and spatial distance when confined to national borders. However, the fact that distance becomes irrelevant once collaboration is taken to the international scale suggests a globalized science system that is strongly influenced by the gravity of local science clusters. The similarity of the probability functions of the six science fields analyzed suggests a universal mode of spatial governance that is independent from the mode of knowledge creation in science.  相似文献   

International Immersion in Belize: Fostering Counseling Students’ Cultural Self-Awareness     

Shirlene Smith-Augustine  Angel Dowden  Angel Wiggins  LaCheata Hall 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2014,36(4):468-484

International cultural immersion provides an in vivo, authentic, cross-cultural experience that can enhance multicultural awareness, knowledge and skills. This article examines the impact of an international immersion on graduate counseling students’ cultural self-awareness using a qualitative approach. Five graduate counseling students participated in a 3-week study abroad in Belize where they interacted with persons from diverse cultural backgrounds and settings. Four major cultural self-awareness themes emerged from the analysis of participants’ journals, (a) discrimination and prejudice, (b) cultural pride and appreciation, (c) cultural sensitivity, and (d) self-awareness. The findings are presented along with implications for future research and the use of international immersion as a viable experiential teaching strategy to enhance counseling students’ cultural self-awareness.  相似文献   

Keeping your audience in mind: applying audience analysis to the design of interactive score reports     

Juan Diego Zapata-Rivera 《Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice》2014,21(4):442-463

Score reports have one or more intended audiences: the people who use the reports to make decisions about test takers, including teachers, administrators, parents and test takers. Attention to audience when designing a score report supports assessment validity by increasing the likelihood that score users will interpret and use assessment results appropriately. Although most design guidelines focus on making score reports understandable to people who are not testing professionals, audiences should be defined by more than just their lack of statistical knowledge. This paper introduces an approach to identifying important audience characteristics for designing computer-based, interactive score reports. Through three examples, we demonstrate how an audience analysis suggests a design pattern, which guides the overall design of a report, as well as design details, such as data representations and scaffolding. We conclude with a research agenda for furthering the use of audience analysis in the design of interactive score reports.  相似文献   

Policy-making and education reform in the development of Latin American social democracy: the role of the left in Brazil and Chile     

Diego Santori  Nelly P. Stromquist  Carlos Alberto Torres 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2013,34(4):603-614

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Psicología cognitiva y educación     

Angel Rivière 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(12):5-24

RESUMEN

Este artículo es un intento de acercar la psicología experimental cognitiva a la práctica educativa. La gran distancia que separa a ambas se debe tanto a la falta de validez ecológica de muchas investigaciones como a la novedad y complejidad de este modelo. Sin embargo, los métodos de análisis elaborados por los psicólogos cognitivos pueden contribuir a mejorar los métodos de enseñanza. Por ejemplo, los enfoques procesuales nos hacen comprender los mecanismos implicados en algunos saberes escolares, como en las matemáticas. Pero también plantean algunos problemas, ya que son muy sensibles a las variaciones del contexto y poco explícitos con respecto a los mecanismos de cambio de los procesos. Por ello, hay que completar los enfoques procesuales con enfoques estructurales, como el desarrollado por Piaget, que establece la génesis y el desarrollo de las estructuras de las acciones y las operaciones del sujeto y que propone la llamada pedagogía operatoria, que se concreta en la utilización de métodos activos de educación.  相似文献   

La Psicología de Vygotski: sobre la larga proyección de una corta biografía     

Angel Rivière 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(27-28):7-86

RESUMEN

Se presenta el contexto histórico y los antecedentes familiares, culturales y sociales en los que surge la figura de Vygotski y se hace una descripción minuciosa de su obra, de sus implicaciones y contribuciones a la Psicología Científica: su teoría sobre las funciones superiores en el hombre, la actividad instrumental como unidad de análisis de estos procesos superiores, los estudios sobre génesis y desarrollo de los procesos cognitivos y las variaciones culturales, la “zona de desarrollo potencial”, sus aportaciones a la pedagogía y al estudio de las deficiencias, su teoría de la organización neurofisiológica, sus aportaciones a una teoría general del desarrollo y su teoría de la génesis del pensamiento verbal y la función reguladora del lenguaje. Se citan algunas críticas a Vygotski y se formulan algunas implicaciones teóricas no formuladas explícitamente en su teoría.  相似文献   

La percepción de contingencias y el conocimiento social temprano     

Asunción González del Yerro  Angel Riviere 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(57):99-116

Resumen

La «hipótesis del juego» («Game hipothesis»), propuesta por Watson en 1972, establece que la percepción de relaciones contingentes entre acciones y estímulos ambientales es, con independencia de la naturaleza de tales estímulos, un determinante poderoso del desarrollo social del bebé. Se investiga la posible influencia de la naturaleza de los estímulos contingentes mediante el uso de estímulos «sociales» (emisiones lingüísticas) y «no sociales» (música) en una situación de percepción de contingencias, que se estableció para 6 bebés, con una edad media de 3 meses y 2 días. Los resultados demuestran que existen diferencias entre los estímulos sociales y no-sociales tanto en lo referente a los patrones de adquisición de las «operantes» o «respuestas circulares» ante las contingencias, como en las respuestas emocionales que acompañaban a los procesos de adquisición y extinción. Estas diferencias sugieren la necesidad de reconocer la importancia de la naturaleza de los estímulos contingentes en la interpretación del papel social de los procesos de percepción de contingencias.  相似文献   

Pensamiento y acción en el profesor: de los estudios sobre la planificación al pensamiento práctico     

Angel I. Pérez  José Glmeno 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(42):37-63

Resumen

Este artículo presenta una revisión crítica de la literatura de los últimos diez años sobre el tema del pensamiento y la intervención práctica del profesor. Se analiza la evolución de los estudios e investigaciones desde los planteamientos más cercanos al paradigma proceso-producto y mediacional, de marcado carácter psicológico, a los estudios alternativos, con mayor influencia filosófica y sociológica y que conceden mayor importancia a las estructuras de los contenidos del pensamiento del profesor.  相似文献   

Effects of blood flow restriction without additional exercise on strength reductions and muscular atrophy following immobilization:A systematic review     

Mikhail Santos Cerqueira  Jose Diego Sales Do Nascimento  Daniel Germano Maciel  Jean Artur Mendonca Barboza  Wouber Herickson De Brito Vieira 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(2):152-159

Purpose:To investigate whether blood flow restriction(BFR) without concomitant exercise mitigated strength reduction and atrophy of thigh muscles in subjects under immobilization for lower limbs.Methods:The following databases were searched:PubMed,CINAHL,PEDro,Web of Science,Central,and Scopus.Results:The search identified 3 eligible studies,and the total sample in the identified studies consisted of 38 participants.Isokinetic and isometric torque of the knee flexors and extensors was examined in 2 studies.Cross-sectional area of thigh muscles was evaluated in 1 study,and thigh girth was measured in 2 studies.The BFR protocol was 5 sets of 5 min of occlusion and 3 min of free flow,twice daily for approximately 2 weeks.As a whole,the included studies indicate that BFR without exercise is able to minimize strength reduction and muscular atrophy after immobilization.It is crucial to emphasize,however,that the included studies showed a high risk of bias,especially regarding allocation concealment,blinding of outcome assessment,intention-to-treat analyses,and group similarity at baseline.Conclusion:Although potentially useful,the high risk of bias presented by original stodies limits the indication of BFR without concomitant exercise as an effective countermeasure against strength reduction and atrophy mediated by immobilization.  相似文献