Factor analysis of the metropolitan readiness test on first-grade children     

Ernest O. Watkins  Michael J. Wiebe 《Psychology in the schools》1984,21(4):429-432

The factor composition of the Metropolitan Readiness Test was investigated, using 1st-grade subjects in a suburban school district. In this analysis, a total battery score was supported, as well as a second factor believed to represent a language dimension of the test. None of the MRT's other content areas (auditory, visual, or quantitative abilities) or a distinct prereading measure were identified for this sample.  相似文献   

Children's adaptive behavior scale: A new measure of adaptive functioning     

Bert O. Richmond  William R. Horn 《Psychology in the schools》1980,17(2):159-162

This article describes a new instrument for the measurement of adaptive behavior that is administered directly to the child. It was designed for brief administration, to be educationally relevant, and to measure these five domains of adaptive behavior: Language Development, Independent Functioning, Family Role Performance and Economic-Vocational Activity, and Socialization. An initial study of test-retest reliability indicates the instrument has high reliability.  相似文献   

Geographic clustering of economic activity: The case of prominent western visual artists   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Elish Kelly  John O’Hagan 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2007,31(2):109-128

This article compiles original data relating to artists’ place of birth and work migration patterns using various art history dictionaries. The broad historic pattern, from the 13th to the 20th century, of the birth locations of prominent artists is examined, followed by a detailed study of the work migration patterns of prominent artists in two important situations, namely Renaissance Italy and France in part of the 19th century. The evidence indicates a marked clustering of activity of prominent artists, both arising from birth location and migration patterns. Some possible explanations for the observed patterns are briefly outlined.

John O’HaganEmail:

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Experiences of Danish Business Expatriates in Russia: Power Distance in Organizational Communication     

Elena V. Chudnovskaya  Laura S. O’Hara 《Journal of Intercultural Communication Research》2016,45(4):261-281

Rapid globalization of business processes stimulates many companies to dispatch their employees – business expatriates – on overseas assignments. Russia differs markedly from many other cultures in terms of specific communication norms and rules. Understanding such differences in organizational life is crucial for the success of business expatriates working there. This study employs in-depth interviews with eight Danish business expatriates who worked in Russia and examines the differences between the Danes and the Russians in terms of communication characteristics related to Hofstede’s cultural dimension power distance. This work enhances scholars’ empirical knowledge of power distance, which has rarely been investigated qualitatively.  相似文献   

The Stepford Frankensteins: Feminism,Frankenstein, and The Stepford Wives          下载免费PDF全文

Natalie Neill 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》2018,41(3):257-266

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Ending the perpetuation of sex-role stereotypes in our schools: A possible consequence of psychological androgyny     

Vonda O. Long 《Psychology in the schools》1982,19(2):250-254

Research has shown that both historically and currently there has been sex-differentiated staffing in American public schools, with a disproportionate number of female teachers at the elementary level. Concern long has been expressed regarding the impact this might have on the sex-role development of American children and the perpetuation of stereotypic staffing patterns. This article supports the hypothesis that psychologically androgynous individuals might be more likely than masculine or feminine individuals to base teaching level choice upon individual preference without regard for its stereotype as more appropriate for one sex than the other. Data collected from preservice teachers at Washington State University support this hypothesis. It was found that while feminine females were more apt to choose the elementary teaching level, masculine males were more apt to choose secondary teaching. In comparison, androgynous preservice teachers of both sexes were as likely to choose the elementary as secondary teaching level.  相似文献   

Empowerment: In Search of a Viable Paradigm     

Anthony O. Putman 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》1991,4(4):4-11

The word “empowerment” is associated with several different and fundamentally inadequate paradigms. This paper presents an alternative, empowering view of empowerment. The essence of empowerment is increasing the behavior potential of persons, individually and in groups and organizations. Behavior potential is not some abstract concept of “what a person might do if” Instead, it is the totality of behaviors that are actually available to a given person in a given environment. These behaviors do not occur in a vacuum; behavior potential is the intersection of the person's behavioral productions with the organization's expectations and permissions. An individual is empowered to the extent that he or she possesses a rich repertoire of behaviors and is expected and permitted to make full use of this repertoire by the organization.  相似文献   

Gender,text, and discussion: Examining intellectual safety in the science classroom     

Barbara J. Guzzetti  Wayne O. Williams 《科学教学研究杂志》1996,33(1):5-20

It is clear from the extant literature that gender inequities exist in a myriad of ways in science classrooms. Past research, however, has been conducted solely from researchers' observations and has neglected to investigate students' awareness of and reactions to their own experiences. Hence, this study focused on students' perceptions of gender differences in instructional activity and talk about that activity in physics and honors physics classes. Data analysis showed that although teachers may be unaware of gender inequities, students of both sexes are not unaware of such inequities. Females explained their fears of offering their opinions and participating in activities like labs and small-group or whole-class discussions. Differential language patterns were found for males and females, particularly when discussion was structured and rewarded for refutation. Explanations are offered for these disparities and suggestions are given for addressing gender bias in science classrooms. It has been well documented that science classrooms are not gender fair (Bazler & Simonis, 1991; Bianchini, 1993; Tobin, 1988). Teachers, texts, and the forms of instruction they perpetuate contribute to gender inequities in science instruction. For example, research tracing changes in science textbooks over time has shown that current texts have failed to eliminate barriers to women in science (Bianchini, 1993). Science textbooks are criticized for their unequal treatment of genders, with illustrations, photos, and texts of males far outnumbering those of females, despite the approximate 50/50 male/female ratio of our population (Bazler & Simonis, 1991). In addition to the proclivity of science textbooks to favor males, researchers speculate that the tendency for boys to achieve higher than girls in science may be a result of more opportunity to engage in academic tasks (Tobin & Garnett, 1987). Their behavior shows that teachers have differential expectations for students' responses in activities like teacher-led discussion. In teacher-led, whole-class discussion, boys are spoken to more frequently and are asked more higher-order questions (Becker, 1991; Hall & Sadler, 1982). Teachers in science classrooms elaborate more on males' responses than females' responses in large-group discussion of scientific concepts (Jones & Wheatley, 1990). © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

Role and function of school psychologists, 1992–93: A comparative study     

Alyson H. Roberts  James O. Rust 《Psychology in the schools》1994,31(2):113-119

The roles and functions of 52 school psychologists from Iowa and Tennessee were examined. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to test differences between reported time spent on prereferral, assessment, intervention, consultation, and curriculum-based assessment. Significant differences were found for the time spent in all areas. A second one-way MANOVA was used to test the differences between the two groups in reported actual time spent and desired time spent. A significant difference was found for consultation. A third MANOVA was utilized to test the differences between the two groups' desired time spent on the five variables. A significant difference was found for curriculum-based assessment. The results suggest that school psychologists in Tennessee and Iowa occupy different roles. School psychologists in Tennessee reported spending the majority of their time on assessment activities, whereas the Iowa sample balances their time between the five functions. The Iowa role exemplifies alternative functions for school psychologists. The Tennessee role is oriented more toward the refer, test, place model.  相似文献   

How can experts help governments think?: inaugural lecture     

Glen O’Hara 《Journal of Cultural Economy》2019,12(1):1-20

Britain’s exit from the European Exchange Rate Mechanism in 1992 and the Second Iraq War in 2003 are two infamous examples of disastrous policy, but governments blunder all the time – whatever party is in power. Infrastructure projects overrun. The aims and techniques of different departments clash. Scandals erupt among officials and politicians. Controversies stymie attempts at agreement and consensus. But why exactly do these failures happen? Are they more or less widespread than in the private sector? And can studying British governments’ decision-making across the twentieth century improve it in the future? In his May 2018 inaugural lecture, Professor O'Hara recommended a slow, deliberative, transparent, democratic and above all humble and sensitive approach in order to avoid another Black Wednesday or ruinous war – an approach in contrast to the populist tone of much recent debate.  相似文献