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151.
Anna Emilia Berti Isabella Baldin Laura Toneatti 《Contemporary educational psychology》2009,34(4):278-288
A total of 150 students, from 8 to 25 years, were interviewed about ordeal1 in the Middle Ages, after reading a shorter and simplified version of a text used in previous research on this topic (e.g., [Lee, P. J., & Ashby, R. (2001). Empathy, perspective taking, and rational understanding. In O. L. Davis, Jr., S. Foster, & E. Yaeger (Eds.), Historical empathy and perspective taking in the social studies (pp. 21–50). Lanham: Rowman and Littleffeld]). Unlike previous studies, at all ages nearly all students understood that ordeal involved the intervention of God, and was related to religious beliefs different from the present. With age, there was an increase in the number of students also referring to the backwardness of the Middle Ages, or stating that at least some Medieval peoples did not expect ordeal to be decisive about the guilt or innocence of an accused, using it instead to find a culprit in any case, or as a punishment or deterrent. 相似文献
152.
Thorwart and Lachnit (2009) found reliable symmetrical decrements in two generalization tasks: Removing an already trained
component from a compound did not result in larger decrements than adding a new one did. In two contingency learning experiments,
we investigated first whether time pressure during stimulus processing, as well as the degree of perceptual grouping, was
effective in controlling the symmetry of the decrements (Experiment 1); and second, whether the symmetry was affected by the
causal versus predictive nature of the relationship between the cue and the outcome (Experiment 2). The experiments generated
unexpected results, since both revealed asymmetrical decrements independent of the manipulations introduced. They therefore
demonstrate that more research is needed in order to understand the variables influencing stimulus representation in human
associative learning. 相似文献
153.
Kalle Juuti Jari Lavonen Anna Uitto Reijo Byman Veijo Meisalo 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2010,8(4):611-632
Students find science relevant to society, but they do not find school science interesting. This survey study analyzes Finnish
grade 9 students’ actual experiences with science teaching methods and their preferences for how they would like to study
science. The survey data were collected from 3,626 grade 9 students (1,772 girls and 1,832 boys) across randomly sampled secondary
schools. Students were asked to evaluate how often a particular teaching method is used in science (chemistry and physics)
teaching and how often they would like to see the teaching method used. Data were analyzed using nonparametric tests. Boys
seemed to be more satisfied with current and traditional science teaching methods like direct teaching, solving basic problems,
reading textbooks, and conducting practical work, while girls desired more discussion. Students who are interested in school
science or think that school science is relevant in everyday life would like more creative activities such as brainstorming
and project work. Results indicated that understanding the connection between student interest and teaching method preferences,
especially interpreting interested students’ desire for creative activities, are important aspects for future research. 相似文献
154.
This article draws on data from a three‐year Australian Research Council‐funded study that examined the ways in which young children become numerate in the twenty‐first century. We were interested in the authentic problem‐solving contexts that we believe are required to create meaningful learning. This being so, our basic tenet was that such experiences should involve the use of information and communications technologies (ICT) where relevant, but not in tokenistic ways. This article highlights learning conditions in which young children can become numerate in contemporary times. We consider ‘academic’ or ‘school‐based’ mathematical tasks in the context of a Mathematical Tasks Continuum. This continuum was conceptualised to enable focused and detailed thinking about the scope and range of mathematical tasks that young children are able to engage within contemporary school contexts. The data from this study show that most of the tasks the children experienced in early years mathematics classes were unidimensional in their make up. That is, they focus on the acquisition of specific skills and then they are practiced in disembedded contexts. We suggest that the framework created in the form of the Mathematical Tasks Continuum can facilitate teachers’ thinking about the possible ways in which they could extend children’s academic work in primary school mathematics, so that the process of becoming numerate becomes more easily related to authentic activities that they are likely to experience in everyday life. 相似文献
155.
Rebecca Walker Rachel Spronken-Smith Carol Bond Fiona McDonald John Reynolds Anna McMartin 《Instructional Science》2010,38(6):707-722
This study aimed to use a learning inventory (the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students, ASSIST) to measure the
impact of a curriculum change on students’ approaches to learning in two large courses in a health sciences first year programme.
The two new Human Body Systems (HUBS) courses were designed to encourage students to take a deep approach to learning. ASSIST
was completed by 599 students enrolled in a biology class in 2006 that was part of the old curriculum, and by 705 students
at the beginning and end of the new HUBS courses in 2007. Changes in students’ approaches to learning over time were examined.
The ASSIST scores for both HUBS courses reflected the dominance of a surface approach, followed by a strategic and then a
deep approach. However, by the end of the year, students were taking a deep and strategic approach to their studies to a greater
extent, and a surface approach to a lesser extent. Moreover, students enrolled in the new course adopted a deep approach to
their studies to a significantly greater degree than those studying the old curriculum. Despite the predominance of a surface
approach, the results suggest that it is possible to bring about small but significant positive changes in students’ learning
behaviour in a very large class through curriculum change. The proportion of students preferring a surface approach, and results
showing that high performance on the final exam was significantly correlated with a surface approach, probably reflected contextual
factors, including assessment, and is the focus of ongoing curriculum development. 相似文献
156.
Literacy policy and programming in developing countries continues to be influenced by the assumption that without literacy, an adult is unable to function on an equal basis in society and that an individual can be easily categorised as either literate or illiterate. Although this has led to prioritisation of primary schooling over adult literacy in many national government and donor agency budgets, there has recently been a movement away from regarding adult literacy as only ‘second chance schooling’ to explore how literacy programmes can build on participants’ existing practices. In the context of these changes in international policy discourses, this article analyses how literacy and development policy and programming in Nepal has changed over the past decade. Drawing on interviews with policy makers, trainers and literacy facilitators conducted in the 1990s and 2007, the author explores the shifts taking place. The structure of literacy programmes (including links with formal schooling), literacy materials, language of instruction and concepts of ‘post literacy’ were influenced by political events during this period as well as by donor agency discourses. Findings from the Nepal case have implications for the international policy discourse, such as the need to problematise the term ‘political’ to consider the intended and unintended consequences of literacy interventions. 相似文献
157.
Undergraduate research experiences are being incorporated into degree programs with increasing frequency. However, there has been little study into their effectiveness in preparing students for research or into the learning gains that students realise from one or more research experiences. We surveyed science students in an elite, research‐based undergraduate degree program at a research‐intensive university. These students complete six research projects during their degree and we aimed to delineate factors that students perceive as leading to either good or bad experiences. Two factors stand out as contributing to a successful research experience: the supervisor, with students reporting both pedagogic and affective benefits of good supervision; and the feeling that they are doing authentic science. Surprisingly, given the research‐intensive nature of this degree, the learning gains students report relate to both an appreciation of what research is like and life skills, such as time management, rather than scientific thinking skills. 相似文献
158.
Anna Saiti 《Interchange》2010,41(1):45-60
Regardless of the source of funding, university quality is based on knowledge, teaching, and research, and hence cannot be
run like private enterprises as they are expert organisations that provide solely a public service. The purpose of this paper
is to investigate, through the analysis of case studies, whether or not management theory, principles, and techniques are
being implemented by Greek universities and consequently whether or not university management contributes to the efficiency
and effectiveness of the university’s operation. 相似文献
159.
Ioana Literat Anna Conover Elizabeth Herbert-Wasson Karen Kirsch Page Joseph Riina-Ferrie Rachael Stephens 《高等教育研究与发展》2018,37(3):565-578
In this article, we suggest that we are witnessing a challenge to the hegemony of text-based knowledge in academic scholarship, brought about by newly available modes of expression, and a cultural shift in our notions of reading and writing, authorship, and networked knowledge production. The central question we address here concerns the implications of widening our ideas of acceptable forms of inquiry, analysis and representation in academic scholarship. As a collective of scholar-practitioners exploring new modes of expression and working both within and outside the formal structures of academia, we argue for the increasing significance of multimodal research in the contemporary context of academic inquiry. By more equitably valuing different ways of thinking, knowing and communicating, multimodal research can facilitate wider and more diverse participation in the production of knowledge, offer a more nuanced and ethical mode of inquiry, emphasize different ways of knowing and connecting, and make scholarship more broadly accessible beyond academic contexts. Here, we analyze the key opportunities facilitated by multimodal inquiry, as well as the obstacles that stand in the way of a wider adoption of this type of research in higher education. 相似文献
160.
This study aimed to verify the factorial structure, internal validity, reliability, and criterion validity of The Sentiments, Attitudes and Concerns about Inclusive Education Revised Scale (SACIE-R) in an Italian sample. The SACIE-R is a useful tool to measure three aspects of teachers’ perceptions about inclusion, which are Sentiments, Attitudes and Concerns, providing valuable information to address the needs of teachers working with special students. A measure of this construct is currently not available in Italian, and a validation process is required. In order to provide an initial psychometric evaluation of the Italian adaptation, the SACIE-R was translated for use in Italian-speaking populations. Four hundred Italian teachers enrolled in educational teaching courses completed the SACIE-R. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated a good fit to the hypothesised 3-factor model, and adequate internal consistency for the scale was evidenced. A confirmatory factor analysis showed the same factor structural validity as the original instrument (although some items in the original version were deleted). Furthermore, taken together, the results showed a good level of reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity. Finally, the Italian version of the SACIE-R has good psychometric characteristics that can make it a useful measure of teacher attitude toward inclusion in the Italian educational context. 相似文献