Private Supplementary Tutoring in the Czech Republic     

Vít Šťastný 《欧洲教育》2016,48(1):1-22

The study contributes to the literature on private supplementary tutoring by shedding light on this phenomenon in the Czech Republic. The aim of the paper is to identify the reasons for seeking out private supplementary tutoring and to assess the factors underlying its demand. In the representative sample of 1,265 senior upper-secondary school students from two distinct regions of the Czech Republic, 37% acknowledged participation in private tutoring lessons (provided by individuals) and 10% reported enrollment in preparatory courses for university admission (organized by institutions) during their upper-secondary studies. It seems that both enrollment in different educational tracks and specific school subjects are associated with different reasons for taking private tutoring lessons. The results of binary logistic regression suggest that the mother’s educational attainment, family income, students’ academic performance, residence in the capital city, and female gender are significant predictors of students’ enrollment and participation in the explored private tutoring activities. These findings confirm the strong influence of family background on educational attainment identified in previous Czech social-stratification research. In a wider European context, the patterns of private supplementary tutoring resemble those in neighboring countries.  相似文献   

Challenges of Access,Affordability, and Persistence     

Libby V. Morris 《Innovative Higher Education》2005,30(3):147-148

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The transformation of Australian higher education from binary to unitary system   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

V. Lynn Meek 《Higher Education》1991,21(4):461-494

The policies of the Australian federal government are clearly intended to bring about a fundamental transformation of the country's higher education system. The Australian case, however, presents several paradoxes. Policy changes are being initiated by a federal government that has no legislative control over state chartered higher education institutions. While the federal government wishes to see a more diversified and adaptive higher education system, it seems to be implementing a reward structure for individual institutions and academics which encourages imitation of the elite universities. Although government claims that its new policy initiatives are designed to debureaucratize the system, a significant proportion of the Australian academic community claims that government is centralizing control. This article explores these and other issues facing Australian higher education, not for the purpose of resolving the seeming paradoxes, but to suggest a particular research agenda for investigating change in higher education.  相似文献   

Risk factors for coronary heart disease in type II diabetes mellitus     

H. Surekha Rani  G. Madhavi  V. Ramachandra Rao  B. K. Sahay  A. Jyothy 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2005,20(2):75-80

Cardiovascular complications are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. An attempt has been made to evaluate the risk factors for coronary heart disease in type II diabetics. In the present study the levels of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, triglycerides were high and the levels of high density lipoproteins were low in the type II diabetics compared to controls. The markers of free radical induced injury i.e. malondialdehyde and nitrite/nitrate were high while total antioxidant status a marker for antioxidant protection against reactive oxygen species was low in diabetics compared to controls. The study therefore suggests the importance of assessing these markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity along with the other routine investigations in diabetic patients for initiating antioxidant therapy in addition to primary and secondary preventive measures to mitigate the devastating consequences of diabetes leading to coronary heart disease.  相似文献   

Designing a college web-based course using a modified personalized system of instruction (PSI) model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Robert V. Price Ph.D. 《TechTrends》1999,43(5):23-28

Conclusion With proper planning and attention to instructional design, Web-based courses can provide a convenient and instructionally sound method of course delivery. The PSI model is a proven model that can be applied to many Webbased courses  相似文献   

The role of inhibitory associations in perceptual learning     

C. H. Bennett  V. L. Scahill  D. P. Griffiths  N. J. Mackintosh 《Learning & behavior》1999,27(3):333-345

Preexposure to two compound flavors (AX and BX) typically enhances their discriminability: An aversion conditioned to AX will generalize less to BX, especially if the preexposure regime has involved alternated presentations of AX and BX rather than presenting all AX trials before BX trials (or vice versa). One possible explanation of this finding is that alternating preexposure establishes inhibitory associations between the two unique features A and B, thus counteracting the generalization produced by excitatory associations between X and A and between X and B, which might result in either the retrieval of B on a conditioning trial to AX, or the retrieval of A on a test trial to BX. Three experiments on flavor aversion conditioning in rats tested these predictions. Experiment 1 suggested that the more important of these excitatory associations was that which allowed X to retrieve A on the test trial to BX. Experiment 2 suggested that the more important inhibitory association was that which allowed B to inhibit the representation of A on this test trial. Experiment 3 provided direct evidence of the role of this inhibitory B⊣A association.  相似文献   

Free radical generation and lipid peroxidation among the dry cell industry workers exposed to carbon     

K. K. Reddy  T. P. K. Reddy  B. V. Somasekharaiah  K. Soorya Kumari 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1998,13(1):27-32

A total of 75 healthy male dry cell industry workers exposed to carbon for 5, 8 and 10 years were compared with 48 controls matched for age and economic status with respect to free radical generation, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels. Lymphocytes were seperated from the whole blood and used for estimation of free radicals and antioxidants. Plasma lipid peroxidation products were estimated in the form of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Significant increase in free radical generation and lipid peroxidation products were observed in carbon exposed population than controls, and the increase was found to be significant with increase in the period of exposure. The levels of antioxidants i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were found to decrease with the increase in exposure to carbon in industrial workers. These results suggest that exposure to carbon augments free radical generation, lipid peroxidation and promotes decline in antioxidant enzymes.  相似文献   

A study of serum lipid profile part-1: Establishment of normal reference values of serum lipid levels in healthy vegetarian population of Gujarat     

C. I. Jhala  U. V. Shah  T. K. Shah  B. K. Naik  J. D. Dafda 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1998,13(1):1-7

Fasting samples of 1329 apparently healthy vegetarian Gujarati population were tested for total cholesterol, triglycerides and three major fractions of lipoproteins, i.e. high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins. All the values showed marked increase with the age. Except for serum triglycerides, values differ in males and females in the age group of above 45 years. Compared to Northern Indian population low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein values were higher, but values of triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins were lower. There is no significant difference in total cholesterol values. Compared to Southern Indian population low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein values were higher but values of triglycerides, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein were lower. All serum lipid values were significantly lower than the Westem population. The range of values for both the sexes is presented for different age groups.  相似文献   

Supercomputers today     

V. Rajaraman 《Resonance》1998,3(11):54-68

In this article we review the evolution of supercomputers from vector supercomputers to massively parallel supercomputers and network of workstations. The thirst for higher speed is insatiable and petaflops computers are expected in the next decade.  相似文献   

Who will win the toss?     

H. Ramesh  V. Vinay 《Resonance》1998,3(4):72-87

When can one call a sequence of heads and tails truly random? This article is about the Kolmogorov or algorithmic complexity of a sequence. This complexity tells you how random a sequence is.  相似文献