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Awareness of inner experience: a systems perspective on self-regulatory process in early development 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
L W Sander 《Child abuse & neglect》1987,11(3):339-346
This brief synopsis of an organizational perspective on early development represents an integration of three major areas of the author's research: that of a detailed observational study of early mother-infant interaction over the first three years of life; that of a continuous neonatal state and caregiving interactional monitoring method over the first two months of life; and that of a 25- to 30-year follow-up on the same infants observed initially. From these data a ground plan is proposed for our thinking about the individual's life span trajectory as a unique construction within a unique context for that individual's interactional and adaptive self-regulatory strategies. Beginning with a review of biological principles, the paradoxical integration of complexity and unity in living systems is traced from the conceptualization of infant state and observations on its regulation through the role of state in the origins of awareness of inner experience, to the consolidation and validation of the self as agent in self-regulation. Central to integration is the recognition process, stemming from one's awareness that another is aware of what one is aware of within oneself. The constructionist perspective on the critical role of specificity in this organizing process is illustrated by reference to the negotiation between caregiver and infant of seven issues of adaptive coordination over the first three years of life. Finally, five propositions are formulated describing such specificity in this organizing process, as one that underlies integration of levels of the living system relating the biological, the developmental, the shaping of the life span trajectory, and the reconstructive therapeutic process. 相似文献
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Buchegger W Haller A van den Driesche S Kraft M Lendl B Vellekoop M 《Biomicrofluidics》2012,6(1):12803-128039
In this study, the pre-steady state development of enzymatic bioreactions using a microfluidic mixer is presented. To follow such reactions fast mixing of reagents (enzyme and substrate) is crucial. By using a highly efficient passive micromixer based on multilaminar flow, mixing times in the low millisecond range are reached. Four lamination layers in a shallow channel reduce the diffusion lengths to a few micrometers only, enabling very fast mixing. This was proven by confocal fluorescence measurements in the channel’s cross sectional area. Adjusting the overall flow rate in the 200 μm wide and 900 μm long mixing and observation channel makes it possible to investigate enzyme reactions over several seconds. Further, the device enables changing the enzyme/substrate ratio from 1:1 up to 3:1, while still providing high mixing efficiency, as shown for the enzymatic hydrolysis using β-galactosidase. This way, the early kinetics of the enzyme reaction at multiple enzyme/substrate concentrations can be collected in a very short time (minutes). The fast and easy handling of the mixing device makes it a very powerful and convenient instrument for millisecond temporal analysis of bioreactions. 相似文献
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Ice friction of flared ice hockey skate blades 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In ice hockey, skating performance depends on the skill and physical conditioning of the players and on the characteristics of their equipment. CT Edge have recently designed a new skate blade that angles outward near the bottom of the blade. The objective of this study was to compare the frictional characteristics of three CT Edge blades (with blade angles of 4 degrees, 60, and 8 degrees, respectively) with the frictional characteristics of a standard skate blade. The friction coefficients of the blades were determined by measuring the deceleration of an aluminium test sled equipped with three test blades. The measurements were conducted with an initial sled speed of 1.8 m s(-1) and with a load of 53 kg on each blade. The friction coefficient of the standard blades was 0.0071 (s = 0.0005). For the CT Edge blades with blade angles of 4 degrees, 6 degrees, and 8 degrees, friction coefficients were lower by about 13%, 21%, and 22%, respectively. Furthermore, the friction coefficients decreased with increasing load. The results of this study show that widely accepted paradigms such as "thinner blades cause less friction" need to be revisited. New blade designs might also be able to reduce friction in speed skating, figure skating, bobsledding, and luge. 相似文献
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Sander Thomaes Iris Charlotte Tjaarda Eddie Brummelman Constantine Sedikides 《Child development》2020,91(6):2211-2220
Children with negative competence beliefs often achieve below their potential in school. This randomized field experiment tested whether engaging in positive self-talk may benefit these children’s mathematics performance. Participants (N = 212, Grades 4–6, Mage = 10.6) worked on the first half of a standardized mathematics test, engaged in effort self-talk (“I will do my very best!”), ability self-talk (“I am very good at this!”), or no self-talk, and worked on the second half of the test. Compared to both the conditions, effort self-talk benefited the performance of children holding negative competence beliefs: It severed the association between negative competence beliefs and poor performance. By internally asserting that they will deliver effort, children with negative competence beliefs can optimize their achievement in school. 相似文献
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Dietmar Puchberger-Enengl Sander van den Driesche Christian Krutzler Franz Keplinger Michael J. Vellekoop 《Biomicrofluidics》2015,9(1)
This work presents an array of microfluidic chambers for on-chip culturing of microorganisms in static and continuous shear-free operation modes. The unique design comprises an in-situ polymerized hydrogel that forms gas and reagent permeable culture wells in a glass chip. Utilizing a hydrophilic substrate increases usability by autonomous capillary priming. The thin gel barrier enables efficient oxygen supply and facilitates on-chip analysis by chemical access through the gel without introducing a disturbing flow to the culture. Trapping the suspended microorganisms inside a gel well allows for a much simpler fabrication than in conventional trapping devices as the minimal feature size does not depend on cell size. Nutrients and drugs are provided on-chip in the gel for a self-contained and user-friendly handling. Rapid antibiotic testing in static cultures with strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli is presented. Cell seeding and diffusive medium supply is provided by phaseguide technology, enabling simple operation of continuous culturing with a great flexibility. Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are utilized as a model to demonstrate continuous on-chip culturing. 相似文献
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The control-value theory of achievement emotions proposes a bidirectional relationship between learning-related emotions and achievement goals. Studies to date, however, have only provided evidence that achievement goals predict future learning-related emotions. In this study we examined the reciprocal relations between learning-related emotions and achievement goals in 434 undergraduate students in their first year of academic study. Data were collected in three waves: near the beginning of the first and second semesters of first year study and lastly near the beginning of the first semester of the second year. Reciprocal effects were found between mastery goals and both activity- and outcome-focused emotions, whereas reciprocal effects for performance goals were only shown with outcome focused emotions. These were not always present between both first and second, and between the second and third waves of measurement, which may be related to the first year undergraduate context. Our models also demonstrated stability in achievement goals and learning-related emotions between waves of measurement, which tended to be lower between the first and third points of data collection. These findings provide support for the relations between learning-related emotions and achievement goals proposed in control-value theory and that mastery goals are not solely related to activity-focused emotions. 相似文献