Courseware     

Dee Brock  Linda Resnik 《Innovative Higher Education》1978,2(3):245-249

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THE EFFECT OF KNOWLEDGE LINKING LEVELS IN BIOLOGY LESSONS UPON STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURE     

Julia Wadouh  Ning Liu  Angela Sandmann  Birgit J. Neuhaus 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2014,12(1):25-47

Knowledge structure is an important aspect for defining students’ competency in biology learning, but how knowledge structure is influenced by the teaching process in naturalistic biology classroom settings has scarcely been empirically investigated. In this study, 49 biology lessons in the teaching unit blood and circulatory system in 9th grade German classrooms were videotaped and analyzed. Before the lesson, a questionnaire was administered to the students to solicit their responses about learning motivation. After the lesson, students’ learning outcomes on knowledge structure were examined with the concept mapping method. The video coding used in this study focused on the knowledge linking levels during the biology lesson. Out of the 49 classes, those with the highest and those with the lowest linking levels were selected based on the coding results. In high-linking classes, interrelated facts were introduced more often in the lessons, whereas in the lessons of the low-linking classes, isolated pieces of knowledge were predominant. The results from the concept mapping task showed that the students in the high-linking classes constructed more correct relations among the concepts compared to the students in the low-linking classes. The results remained stable even after controlling for learning motivation. These findings confirm the importance of teaching interrelated facts and concepts instead of isolated facts for fostering students’ knowledge structure. As a result, based on the Bavarian biology curriculum, we develop materials and programs to enable students, student teachers, and teachers to focus on interrelated facts and basic concepts instead of isolated facts in biology lessons.  相似文献   

Classification of trampoline jumps using inertial sensors     

Thomas Helten  Heike Brock  Meinard Müller  Hans-Peter Seidel 《Sports Engineering》2011,14(2-4):155-164

The automatic segmentation and classification of an unknown motion data stream according to given motion categories constitute an important research problem with applications in computer animation, medicine and sports sciences. In this paper, the scenario of trampoline motions is considered, where an athlete performs a routine consisting of sequence of jumps that belong to predefined motion categories such as pike jumps or somersaults. As main contribution, a fully automated approach for capturing, segmenting, and classifying trampoline routines according to these categories is introduced. Since trampoline motions are highly dynamic and spacious, optical motion capturing is problematic. Instead, it is reverted to a small number of inertial sensors attached to the athlete’s body. To cope with measurement noise and performance differences, suitable feature and class representations are introduced that are robust to spatial and temporal variations while capturing the characteristics of each motion category. The experiments show that the approach reliably classifies trampoline jumps across different athletes even in the presence of significant style variations.  相似文献   

New flame: By Hugh Barty-King. Pp. 262. Graphmitre,Tavistock. 1985. £11.50     

W.H Brock 《Endeavour》1985,9(4):209

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Editorial introduction     

Birgit-Brock Utne 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2001,47(3-4):163-184

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A last word about symmetric peace education — A response to a rejoinder     

Birgit Brock-Utne 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1983,29(3):355-356

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Erratum to: Teachers’ Use of Focus Questions in German Biology Classrooms: a Video-Based Naturalistic Study     

Jigna Nawani  Lena von Kotzebue  Julia Rixius  Michael Graml  Birgit J. Neuhaus 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2018,16(8):1453-1453

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Teachers’ Use of Focus Questions in German Biology Classrooms: a Video-based Naturalistic Study     

Jigna Nawani  Lena Kotzebue  Julia Rixius  Michael Graml  Birgit J. Neuhaus 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2018,16(8):1431-1451

This study investigated the effects of teachers’ use of focus questions on students’ knowledge structures and classroom teaching-learning process by re-analyzing selected data from a quasi-experimental pre-post video study (Wadouh, 2007). Focus questions are content-related anchoring questions highlighting the key content taught in individual lessons (Forbes & Davis, 2010). In Wadouh’ study, students answered a knowledge test before and after the lesson on “blood and the circulatory system” and one lesson per teacher was videotaped to investigate teaching practices in grade 9 biology classrooms. Students also completed a post-unit concept mapping exercise and a motivation-interest questionnaire. In this study, 30 lesson videos selected from 47 were re-analyzed for teachers’ use of focus questions—no focus questions, non-specific or simple focus questions, and specific and challenging focus questions. Individual students’ scores in the concept mapping exercise were aggregated as students’ topic-related knowledge structure. Multilevel analyses revealed a significant positive effect of teachers’ use of specific and challenging focus questions on students’ topic-related knowledge structure. Furthermore, a comparative case analysis of the classroom teaching-learning process was conducted in four lessons where teachers used specific and challenging focus questions in two of the lessons and non-specific or simple focus questions in the other two lessons. The findings indicate that specific and challenging focus questions anchored lessons on students’ co-construction of scientific explanations by activating their pre-instructional ideas, whereas non-specific or simple focus questions anchored lessons on their accumulation of canonical scientific knowledge. This study’s limitations and implications for teacher education reform are discussed.  相似文献   

The influence of prior knowledge and viewing repertoire on learning from video     

Jelle de Boer  Piet A. M. Kommers  Bert de Brock  Jos Tolboom 《Education and Information Technologies》2016,21(5):1135-1151

Video is increasingly used as an instructional tool. It is therefore becoming more important to improve learning of students from video. We investigated whether student learning effects are influenced through an instruction about other viewing behaviours, and whether these learning effects depend on their prior knowledge. In a controlled environment, 115 students watched a number of instructional videos about the technical equipment needed in a course on digital photography. Every second student was instructed about other possible viewing behaviours. A pre-post-retention test was carried out to calculate learning effects. The differences with respect to the learning effects of students who received an awareness instruction on an alternative viewing strategy were not significantly different. The differences as observed in our earlier experiment however could not be reproduced. Students with a broad viewing repertoire showed higher learning effects than students with a narrow repertoire. Furthermore, students with a strategic viewing approach also showed higher learning effects. Certain conditions have to be met: the technical and didactical quality of the video must be good, the integration in a learning task must be apparent, students must be aware of their viewing behaviour, and teachers must be aware of their students’ viewing behaviour in order to enrich the viewing repertoire of students when they have at least some basic knowledge e.g. after several lessons on the topics at hand. In future research, this study should be replicated using more complex video episodes than the instruction videos we used in our experiments that were only on the factual knowledge level of the taxonomy of Bloom. Moreover, replication of this study with a larger sample size could yield a significant improvement in learning effects. This is plausible because students need an amount of prior knowledge beyond a certain threshold value in order to be able to expand their knowledge network in their long term memory. Finally, additional media player functionality, facilitating effective student learning from video, can be described based on the results of this study.  相似文献   

Longitudinal Associations Among Executive Function,Visuomotor Integration,and Achievement in a High‐Risk Sample          下载免费PDF全文

Laura L. Brock  Helyn Kim  David W. Grissmer 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2018,12(1):23-27

The present study examines cross‐lagged associations among executive function, visuomotor skills, and math and reading achievement from kindergarten to second grade. Both executive function and visuomotor integration tend to be delayed in socioeconomically disadvantaged children and can explain nearly half the achievement gap at kindergarten entry. Participants were 259 students enrolled in elementary schools serving predominantly low‐income communities with multiple sociodemographic risk factors. Executive function at multiple time points predicted reading and math achievement. However, visuomotor integration in kindergarten alone predicted later reading and math. Initially, math predicts later reading. Subsequently, reading predicts later math.  相似文献