Concurrent and Longitudinal Contributions of a Brief Assessment of Reading‐Specific Executive Function to Reading Comprehension in First and Second Grade Students     

Kelly B. Cartwright  Timothy R. Marshall  Nathan A. Hatfield 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2020,14(2):114-123

Executive function (EF) contributes significantly to reading comprehension across the lifespan. Emerging research indicates domain‐specific assessments of EF are better suited for assessment and intervention in academic contexts. For example, graphophonological‐semantic cognitive flexibility (GSF), the ability to flexibly switch between the graphophonological and semantic components of printed words, contributes uniquely to reading comprehension across the lifespan, and GSF training improves children's reading comprehension. This study compared the original GSF measure, which is problematic for use in schools due to its subjectively interpreted explicit explanation component, to an abbreviated implicit task that is better suited for assessment of GSF in practical contexts in 68 first and second grade students. Implicit and explicit GSF contributed uniquely to reading comprehension concurrently and longitudinally when children (n = 31) were in third and fourth grades, beyond verbal ability, decoding ability, and matrix reasoning.  相似文献   

The leveling effect of teacher pacing on science content mastery     

Marshall Arlin  Ian Westbury 《科学教学研究杂志》1976,13(3):213-219

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Grade repetition in Honduran primary schools     

Jeffery H. Marshall 《International Journal of Educational Development》2003,23(6):591-605

This paper looks at several dimensions of the grade failure issue in Honduras using a unique data set compiled by the UMCE evaluation project in 1998 and 1999. The analytical framework incorporates econometric analysis of standardized tests and teacher pass/fail decisions for roughly 13,000 second and fourth grade students. The results show that first time grade repetition, as well as repeating previous grades, is associated with lower marginal achievement on the UMCE exams, although the same is not true for students who are repeating the second or third time. The strongest predictor of grade failure is previous repetition, despite the inclusion of controls for achievement and attendance. The implications of this apparently strong stigma effect associated with grade repetition are discussed, as well as other policy issues related to grade repetition in developing countries.  相似文献   

Representations of rural lesbian lives in young adult fiction     

Wendy Keys  Elizabeth Marshall  Barbara Pini 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2017,38(3):354-364

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Accumbens D2: Raters of the Loss Outcome     

Andrew T. Marshall  Kimberly Kirkpatrick 《Learning & behavior》2017,45(1):3-4

Zalocusky et al. (Nature 531:642–646, 2016) recently showed that activity in D2R+ cells in the nucleus accumbens is associated with loss sensitivity to prior outcomes and reduced subsequent risky choice, and that optogenetic stimulation of these cells decreased risky choices in risk-prone rats. While their findings are important for understanding trait-level risk-taking, future research should aim to examine the neuronal mechanisms of a broader range of facets of gain and loss processing with respect to different potential reference points.  相似文献   

Thinking Again: modern or postmodern?     

James D.  Marshall 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2000,32(3):331-334

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Editorial     

Michael  Peters James  Marshall 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2002,34(2):133-133

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Data and graph interpretation practices among preservice science teachers     

G. Michael Bowen  Wolff‐Michael Roth 《科学教学研究杂志》2005,42(10):1063-1088

The interpretation of data and construction and interpretation of graphs are central practices in science, which, according to recent reform documents, science and mathematics teachers are expected to foster in their classrooms. However, are (preservice) science teachers prepared to teach inquiry with the purpose of transforming and analyzing data, and interpreting graphical representations? That is, are preservice science teachers prepared to teach data analysis and graph interpretation practices that scientists use by default in their everyday work? The present study was designed to answer these and related questions. We investigated the responses of preservice elementary and secondary science teachers to data and graph interpretation tasks. Our investigation shows that, despite considerable preparation, and for many, despite bachelor of science degrees, preservice teachers do not enact the (“authentic”) practices that scientists routinely do when asked to interpret data or graphs. Detailed analyses are provided of what data and graph interpretation practices actually were enacted. We conclude that traditional schooling emphasizes particular beliefs in the mathematical nature of the universe that make it difficult for many individuals to deal with data possessing the random variation found in measurements of natural phenomena. The results suggest that preservice teachers need more experience in engaging in data and graph interpretation practices originating in activities that provide the degree of variation in and complexity of data present in realistic investigations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 42: 1063–1088, 2005  相似文献   

Computer Literacy as Ideology     

Ivor F. Goodson  J. Marshall Mangan 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》1996,17(1):65-79

Some of the most prominent policies in schools throughout the industrialized world today relate to the rapid introduction of computers. The most common rationale for introducing educational microcomputing is the concept of ‘computer literacy’. It is a concept, however, which is so poorly defined and delineated, and so unclear as to purpose and procedure, that it may best be investigated as a form of ideology. The justificatory arguments for computers in classrooms are primarily vocational or practical. They are based on assumptions that computers will be pervasive in the workplace of the future, or that they are soon going to be ‘everywhere’. The more purely pedagogical arguments are secondary: that learning about computers is a worthwhile experience in and of itself, and that computers can be useful productivity tools for other academic work. Drawing upon empirical evidence from an evaluation of computer use in two Canadian high schools, this paper shows how a critical treatment of computer literacy as ideology raises important issues about the computerization of education. It suggests that educators should question whether they have simply taken the ideology of computer literacy at face value, and whether this almost universal policy has received the critical attention it deserves.  相似文献   

Pygmalion and the student: age and classroom differences in children's awareness of teacher expectations   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

R S Weinstein  H H Marshall  L Sharp  M Botkin 《Child development》1987,58(4):1079-1093

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