Search for a hidden goal by clark’s nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) is more accurate inside than outside a landmark array     

Brett M. Gibson  Alan C. Kamil 《Learning & behavior》2001,29(3):234-249

In three experiments in which an open-room delayed response task was used, we explored how Clark’s nutcrackers use landmarks to search for a hidden goal when multiple potential goal locations were present. In Experiment 1, nutcrackers presented with three spatialsamples were able to use relative local cues from an array that changed positions throughout a session to return to a hidden goal during a test. In Experiment 2, the number of samples varied from one to three prior to the test. The nutcrackers performed as well with one sample as with two or three samples. In Experiment 3, we attempted to increase the cost of searching for the goal but, in contrast to previous reports with nutcrackers, found no improvement in search accuracy. Across all experiments, search accuracy varied reliably for different goal locations, but the pattern of performance at each location was generally consistent. This result suggests that nutcrackers may be using different types of spatial information, depending on goal-landmark relationships. This research was supported by NSF Grant IBN 9421807.  相似文献   

Toward fostering environmental political participation: framing an agenda for environmental education research     

Brett L.M. Levy  Michaela T. Zint 《Environmental Education Research》2013,19(5):553-576

  相似文献   

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE MAJOR RESEARCH PARADIGMS AND THEIR METHODOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS FOR SPECIAL NEEDS RESEARCH     

Elias Avramidis  Brett Smith 《Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties》2013,18(3):27-36

Recently in special needs research qualitative methods have been advocated and utilised. Unfortunately, confusion exists concerning the methods of investigation and the researchers’ paradigmatic assumptions. We argue that it is the paradigmatic lens of the researcher which guide the whole research process rather than the methods employed. In this paper the three major paradigms currently operating in educational research will be described and the distinction between “method” and “paradigm” will be clarified. Although the issues raised here are applicable to all strands of educational research, the purpose of this paper is to guide special needs researchers in identifying their own assumptions and examining for themselves the implications of choices about research methodology based on those assumptions.  相似文献   

The Word Game: an innovative strategy for assessing implicit processes in parents at risk for child physical abuse     

Crouch JL  Irwin LM  Wells BM  Shelton CR  Skowronski JJ  Milner JS 《Child abuse & neglect》2012,36(6):498-509

  相似文献   

An Examination of the Changes in Science Teaching Orientations and Technology-Enhanced Tools for Student Learning in the Context of Professional Development     

Todd Campbell  Rebecca Zuwallack  Max Longhurst  Brett E. Shelton  Paul G. Wolf 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(11):1815-1848

This research examines how science teaching orientations and beliefs about technology-enhanced tools change over time in professional development (PD). The primary data sources for this study came from learning journals of 8 eighth grade science teachers at the beginning and conclusion of a year of PD. Based on the analysis completed, Information Transmission (IT) and Struggling with Standards-Based Reform (SSBR) profiles were found at the beginning of the PD, while SSBR and Standards-Based Reform (SBR) profiles were identified at the conclusion of PD. All profiles exhibited Vision I beliefs about the goals and purposes for science education, while only the SBR profile exhibited Vision II goals and purposes for science teaching. The IT profile demonstrated naïve or unrevealed beliefs about the nature of science, while the SSBR and SBR profiles had more sophisticated beliefs in this area. The IT profile was grounded in more teacher-centered beliefs about science teaching and learning as the other two profiles revealed more student-centered beliefs. While no beliefs about technology-enhanced tools were found for the IT profile, these were found for the other two profiles. Our findings suggest promising implications for (a) Roberts' Vision II as a central support for reform efforts, (b) situating technology-enhanced tools within the beliefs about science teaching and learning dimension of science teaching orientations, and (c) revealing how teacher orientations develop as a result of PD.  相似文献   

An examination of the jump-and-lift factors influencing the time to reach peak catch height during a Rugby Union lineout     

Tiaki Brett Smith  Kim Hébert-Losier  Doug McClymont 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(10):1179-1185

The goal of an offensive Rugby Union lineout is to throw the ball in a manner that allows your team to maintain possession. Typically, the player catching the ball jumps and is lifted upwards by two teammates, reaching above the opposing player who is competing for the ball also. Despite various beliefs regarding the importance of the jumper’s mass and attempted jump height, and lifters’ magnitude and point of force application, there is negligible published data on the topic. The squeeze technique is one lifting method commonly employed by New Zealand teams during lineout plays, whereby the jumper initiates the jump quickly and the lifters provide assistance only once the jumper reaches 20–30 cm. While this strategy may reduce cues to the opposition, it might also constrain the jumper and lifters. We developed a model to explore how changes in the jumper’s body mass and attempted jump height, and lifters’ magnitude and point of force application influence the time to reach peak catch height. The magnitude of the lift force impacted the time-to-reach peak catch height the most; followed by the jumper’s (attempted) jump height and body mass; and lastly, the point of lift force application.  相似文献   

Building Research Collaboratives Among Schools and Universities: Lessons From the Field     

Peter Kuriloff  Michael Reichert  Brett Stoudt  and Sharon Ravitch 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2009,3(1):34-44

ABSTRACT— In a previous issue of Mind, Brain, and Education , Hinton and Fischer (2008) argue that educational research needs to be grounded in the lived realities of school life. They advocate for research schools as a venue for accomplishing this. The Center for the Study of Boys' and Girls' Lives represents an alternative model—a research collaborative among independent schools and university-based scholars. This article describes the Center's experience with democratic, participatory action research. It discusses major roadblocks encountered doing such work, including difficulties selecting research topics collaboratively, epistemological differences in methods and design, the scarcity of time, and resistance to results when they challenge gender stereotypes or the status quo or involve student researchers. The article concludes with strategies for overcoming these roadblocks, including clearer, upfront negotiations with schools and a compact that specifies roles and responsibilities for both school and Center personnel.  相似文献   

The assessment interaction plan—A tool for driving performance improvement through analysis to application     

Brett Christensen  Jason Barr 《Performance Improvement》2009,48(6):30-38

  相似文献   

Professional Issues: Alcohol Abuse and College Counseling: An Overview of Research and Practice     

Brett N. Steenbarger 《Journal of College Counseling》1998,1(1):81-92

Recent research suggests that alcohol abuse is widespread among college students, with approximately 20% of all students qualifying as heavy drinkers and over 40% of students reporting at least 1 binge-drinking episode in a given 2-week period. This drinking is associated with a number of adverse consequences, including sexual misconduct, damage to property, academic difficulty, drunk driving, unsafe sex, and suicidality. This article identifies tools that have demonstrated value in detecting and assessing alcohol problems and summarizes those counseling approaches that have been found to be successful and unsuccessful in reducing alcohol consumption. A major conclusion is that the structure and content of most campus counseling services are poorly suited to deliver high quality interventions for students with alcohol problems. Five steps are identified far improving the level of programming for at-risk college and university students.  相似文献   

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and its role on the world stage     

Christopher Brett 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(5):6-7

It is a pleasure to write this contribution for National Science Review and to share information about the different pathways being followed by the Internationa...  相似文献