“Governing by templates” through new modes of school inspection in Norway     

Jeffrey Brooks Hall 《Journal of Educational Change》2017,18(2):161-182

To date, few observational studies have addressed Scandinavian school inspectors in the field, specifically how inspectors use templates to monitor the formative assessment routines of schools and local school authorities. This paper investigates how the current inspection handbook is being adopted and enacted on the municipal level and the school level in Norwegian compulsory schools. Specifically, this study illuminates through observation two empirical examples of how one of the 17 County Governors’ Offices, as part of a larger study, conducted regular, state school inspection. Conceptually, the paper focuses on how inspection guides and steers though use of fixed templates. Analysis shows that inspectors and schools under scrutiny are struggling in combining the traditional focus on legal compliance with a more performative emphasis on formative assessment of students. In addition, the examples given highlight how combining field observation and the concept of “governing by templates” contributes to school inspection studies, in a dynamic policy context undergoing substantial change.  相似文献   

Screening homeless youth for histories of abuse: prevalence, enduring effects, and interest in treatment     

Keeshin BR  Campbell K 《Child abuse & neglect》2011,35(6):401-407

Objectives

To identify the incidence of self-reported physical and sexual child abuse among homeless youth, the self-perceived effects of past abuse, and current interest in treatment for past abuse among homeless youth with histories of abuse.

Methods

Homeless and street-involved persons aged 18-23 filled out a questionnaire and participated in a structured assessment of histories of abuse, tobacco use and substance abuse.

Results

Sixty-four homeless youth in Salt Lake City, Utah completed the study, 43 males and 21 females. Eighty-four percent screened positive for childhood physical and/or sexual abuse occurring before the age of 18; 42% screened positive for both physical and sexual abuse; 72% reported still being affected by their abuse. Among all abuse victims, 44% were interested in treatment for their abuse history and 62% of homeless youth who reported still being affected by their abuse were interested in treatment. Individuals were more likely to be interested in treatment if they were female, had not completed high school or had been previously asked about family dysfunction. Many victims who declined treatment offered spontaneous insight into their decision. Interest in treatment was similar to interest in treatment for other behaviors such as smoking and substance abuse.

Conclusions

Histories of abuse are common among homeless youth. A majority of those reporting a history of abuse are still affected by their abuse. Interest in treatment for a history of abuse was comparable to interest in treatment for other morbidities in the homeless youth population such as tobacco use and substance abuse. Our finding that homeless youth continue to be impacted by their abuse and are interested in treatment should prompt more screening for histories of abuse.  相似文献   

Space matters: The impact of formal learning environments on student learning     

D. Christopher Brooks 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2011,42(5):719-726

The objective of this research is to identify the relationship between formal learning spaces and student learning outcomes. Using a quasi‐experimental design, researchers partnered with an instructor who taught identical sections of the same course in two radically different formal learning environments to isolate the impact of the physical environment on student learning. The results of the study reveal that, holding all factors excepting the learning spaces constant, students taking the course in a technologically enhanced environment conducive to active learning techniques outperformed their peers who were taking the same course in a more traditional classroom setting. The evidence suggests strongly that technologically enhanced learning environments, independent of all other factors, have a significant and positive impact on student learning.  相似文献   

The Role of Teaching Assistants in Student-Centered Learning: Benefits, Costs, and Negotiations     

Mary C. Wright  Inger Bergom  Michael Brooks 《Innovative Higher Education》2011,36(5):331-342

As more faculty members utilize student-centered methods, we should also expect to see an increase in graduate teaching assistants (TAs) who are asked to co-teach these classes. However, little is written about the challenges TAs face and the adjustments they make when teaching student-centered courses. This study examined a student-centered course taught by the hevruta method, a dyadic approach that emphasizes text-based student discussions. Although students reported significant learning gains, both they and TAs had to negotiate new instructional roles. Based on student and TA feedback, strategies are presented to facilitate effective student learning in a student-centered course co-taught by TAs.  相似文献   

Listening to Mothers II: A Lamaze Educator's Response     

Brooks MJ 《The Journal of perinatal education》2007,16(4):57-58

A Lamaze Certified Childbirth Educator and labor-support doula who provides services in two major, metropolitan areas shares her reactions and education experiences in dealing with the findings of Listening to Mothers II. She found that her first response to the survey findings involved assisting a community-wide effort to raise the awareness of women about their childbirth options, with a special emphasis on providers who practice in adherence to The Coalition for Improving Maternity Service's Mother-Friendly Childbirth Initiative. In addition, she added a component to her classes to help her students proactively explore why so few women feel they can assert their rights to refuse unnecessary interventions during childbirth.  相似文献   

Is an intervention using computer software effective in literacy learning? A randomised controlled trial     

G Brooks  JNV Miles  DJ Torgerson 《Educational studies》2006,32(2):133-143

Background: computer software is widely used to support literacy learning. There are few randomised trials to support its effectiveness. Therefore, there is an urgent need to rigorously evaluate computer software that supports literacy learning.

Methods: we undertook a pragmatic randomised controlled trial among pupils aged 11–12 within a single state comprehensive school in the North of England. The pupils were randomised to receive 10 hours of literacy learning delivered via laptop computers or to act as controls. Both groups received normal literacy learning. A pre‐test and two post‐tests were given in spelling and literacy. The main pre‐defined outcome was improvements in spelling scores.

Results: 155 pupils were randomly allocated, 77 to the ICT group and 78 to control. Four pupils left the school before post‐testing and 25 pupils did not have both pre‐ and post‐test data. Therefore, 63 and 67 pupils were included in the main analysis for the ICT and control groups respectively. After adjusting for pre‐test scores there was a slight increase in spelling scores, associated with the ICT intervention, but this was not statistically significant (0.954, 95% confidence interval (CI) – 1.83 to 3.74, p = 0.50). For reading scores there was a statistically significant decrease associated with the ICT intervention (?2.33, 95% CI ?0.96 to ?3.71, p = 0.001).

Conclusions: we found no evidence of a statistically significant benefit on spelling outcomes using a computer program for literacy learning. For reading there seemed to be a reduction in reading scores associated with the use of the program. All new literacy software needs to be tested in a rigorous trial before it is used routinely in schools.  相似文献   

Modification of teachers' attitudes toward exceptional children     

B L Brooks  L A Bransford 《Exceptional children》1971,38(3):259-260

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媒介转型时期新闻教育再思考   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Brain S Brooks  周婵 《国际新闻界》2006,(12)

当今美国报业面临巨大的挑战和变革。正如美国铁路运输的衰败一样,报业面临着与当时铁路业类似的困境和危机。正因为这些变革和挑战才使当今的报业变得更加激动人心。现在的新闻记者工作在不确定的媒介环境下,也使新闻工作变得更富于挑战和充满激情。  相似文献   

An assessment of training volume in professional rugby union and its impact on the incidence, severity, and nature of match and training injuries     

Brooks JH  Fuller CW  Kemp SP  Reddin DB 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(8):863-873

A prospective cohort study was used to assess the influence of training volume on injuries sustained by 502 professional rugby union players in England. Training volumes (excluding warm-ups, cool-downs, and recovery sessions), player injuries, and player match exposure times were reported weekly. Higher training volumes (>9.1 hours per week) did not increase the incidence of match or training injuries. However, higher training volumes did increase the severity of match injuries, particularly during the second half, and consequently resulted in a significant increase in the number of days' absence due to match injuries. Although lower-limb injuries were the most common match and training injuries, shoulder dislocations/instabilities resulted in more days' absence during weeks of higher training volumes, but the differences were not significant. The least number of days lost due to injuries occurred during weeks of intermediate training volumes (6.2-9.1 h per week). Training volume was not correlated with final league position. Fitness testing, defence, and rucking and mauling components were identified as being very high- or high-risk training activities. Our results provide evidence of the benefits of modifying the volume and content of rugby union training to reduce the risk associated with injuries to professional players.  相似文献   

THE COUNCIL FOR EDUCATIONAL ADVANCE DURING THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF R. H. TAWNEY, 1942‐49     

J. R. Brooks 《Journal of educational administration and history》1977,9(2):42-48

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