Competition and the Non-Profit Arts: The Lost Industrial Organization Agenda     

Bruce A. Seaman 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2004,28(3):167-193

The recent industrial organization focus on transaction costs and vertical contracting within the cultural industries (Caves, R.E. 2000, Creative Industries: Contracts between Arts and Commerce. Harvard University Press, Cambridge) stands in contrast to the near abandonment of an earlier literature on horizontal firm interaction and competitive conditions within the performing arts (e.g., Throsby, C.D. and Withers, G.A. 1979, The Economics of the Performing Arts. Edward Arnold, London.; Gapinski, J.H. 1986, J.H. American Economic Review 76(2): 20–25). That incomplete but promising agenda was overwhelmed by the emphasis on non-profit arts firms acting as near natural monopolies, as reflected by Throsby himself (Throsby, D., 1994, Journal of Economic Literature 32: 1–29) and Blaug's survey (Blaug, M., 2001, Journal of Economic Surveys 15: 123–143). This paper resuscitates these earlier inter-firm hypotheses, identifies surprising contrasts with Caves' less frequent horizontal observations, and encourages a revival of interest in studying the effects of competition in the non-profit arts.  相似文献   

The Bellevue Classification System: nursing's voice upon the library shelves     

Keith C Mages 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2011,99(1):40-50

This article examines the inspiration, construction, and meaning of the Bellevue Classification System (BCS), created during the 1930s for use in the Bellevue School of Nursing Library. Nursing instructor Ann Doyle, with assistance from librarian Mary Casamajor, designed the BCS after consulting with library leaders and examining leading contemporary classification systems, including the Dewey Decimal Classification and Library of Congress, Ballard, and National Health Library classification systems. A close textual reading of the classes, subclasses, and subdivisions of these classification systems against those of the resulting BCS, reveals Doyle''s belief that the BCS was created not only to organize the literature, but also to promote the burgeoning intellectualism and professionalism of early twentieth-century American nursing.

Highlights

• During the early twentieth century, nurses looked to the library to project nursing as both an intellectual and professional pursuit.

Implications

• Library classification systems both represent and reflect the culture from which they came. They represent an unconventional historical source that can provide unique insight in to the past.

  相似文献   

Student Bystanders in Australian Schools     

Ken Rigby  Bruce Johnson 《Pastoral Care in Education》2005,23(2):10-16

  相似文献   

The analytical determination of friction for flow through conical converging dies     

Keith J. Barker  Betzalel Avitzur  Walter C. Hahn 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1976,301(3):263-277

The effects of friction upon the intermediate and final distorted grids for wire drawing and/or extrusion were analytically studied for an assumed triangular velocity field. An upper-bound solution for the process was used. This solution predicted that the shape of the final and intermediate distorted grids were functions of the process geometry and of friction. Initially, combinations of reduction and semi-cone angle (α) were found for which the triangular velocity field was energetically preferred over an existing spherical velocity field. The analytical final distorted grids were then compared to experimentally obtained final distorted grids to determine the experimental friction. This was done by plotting calibration curves for distortion where friction served as the parameter and by comparing the actual distortion with the family of calibration curves.  相似文献   

Australian Universities 1939‐1999: How Different Now?     

Bruce Williams 《Higher Education Quarterly》2000,54(2):147-165

Between 1939 and 1999, when the Australian population increased from 7 to 19 million, university enrolments rose from 14,236 to 681,870. Until 1974 the most notable changes were the increases in the size of universities and of departments (which encouraged greater specialization), continued increases in research expenditures, in the percentage of postgraduate students, and a gradual decline in collegiality. In 1974 the Commonwealth Government assumed full responsibility for government grants to universities and abolished fees at just that time when growth rates in the economy fell sharply. Government influence on the universities increased, and there were some departures from the no-fees policy for international and postgraduate course-work masters and diploma students. Then in 1988 the Government decided to abolish the distinction between universities and colleges of advanced education, to create through amalgamations a smaller number of much larger universities and to set a specific mission for each university in the interest of economic growth. The Tertiary Education Commission was abolished and the universities dealt directly with the Minister and his Department. The Universities became distinctly more managerial, less collegial, and the range of courses and degrees was greatly expanded. There are now legitimate doubts about the quality of some degrees. Student fees came back, but in a way that reduced the financial burden on the government without giving the universities greater freedom. The government sponsored collective bargaining for university staff but as universities were not given the capacity to earn much additional income, increases in salaries increased student/staff ratios and induced a decline in morale.  相似文献   

New Technologies and Knowledge Acquisition and Use in Developing Countries     

Keith M Lewin 《Compare》2000,30(3):313-321

This short paper is focused on the development of information and communication technologies (ICTs), their implications for education and learning, and the resource constraints that will shape their impact on developing countries. The analysis in the paper sets a challenge for the future. It argues that educational developments related to ICTs will be highly concentrated in richer countries where connectivity is common and markets for services are extensive and profitable. Some middle-income developing countries will derive benefits and become increasingly interconnected both as service consumers and specialised providers. The poorest countries are most likely to experience marginalisation and dependence from many of the benefits that ICTs can provide. For them, and for those concerned about their development, the challenge is to imagine, demonstrate and finance ways in which ICTs can permeate learning opportunity and infrastructure to lessen dependence, democratise access and promote the kinds of knowledge acquisition that are at the core of development.  相似文献   

Manufacturing the Muse: Estey Organs & Consumer Culture in Victorian America     

Bruce Cohen 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》2005,28(2):238-239

  相似文献   

Do physical maturity and birth date predict talent in male youth ice hockey players?   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sherar LB  Baxter-Jones AD  Faulkner RA  Russell KW 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(8):879-886

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among biological maturity, physical size, relative age (i.e. birth date), and selection into a male Canadian provincial age-banded ice hockey team. In 2003, 619 male ice hockey players aged 14-15 years attended Saskatchewan provincial team selection camps, 281 of whom participated in the present study. Data from 93 age-matched controls were obtained from the Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (1991-1997). During the initial selection camps, birth dates, heights, sitting heights, and body masses were recorded. Age at peak height velocity, an indicator of biological maturity, was determined in the controls and predicted in the ice hockey players. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance, logistic regression, and a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The ice hockey players selected for the final team were taller, heavier, and more mature (P < 0.05) than both the unselected players and the age-matched controls. Furthermore, age at peak height velocity predicted (P < 0.05) being selected at the first and second selection camps. The birth dates of those players selected for the team were positively skewed, with the majority of those selected being born in the months January to June. In conclusion, team selectors appear to preferentially select early maturing male ice hockey players who have birth dates early in the selection year.  相似文献   

When "where" is more important than "when": birthplace and birthdate effects on the achievement of sporting expertise   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Côté J  Macdonald DJ  Baker J  Abernethy B 《Journal of sports sciences》2006,24(10):1065-1073

In this study, we assessed whether contextual factors related to where or when an athlete is born influence their likelihood of playing professional sport. The birthplace and birth month of all American players in the National Hockey League, National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, and Professional Golfer's Association, and all Canadian players in the National Hockey League were collected from official websites. Monte Carlo simulations were used to verify if the birthplace of these professional athletes deviated in any systematic way from the official census population distribution, and chi-square analyses were conducted to determine whether the players' birth months were evenly distributed throughout the year. Results showed a birthplace bias towards smaller cities, with professional athletes being over-represented in cities of less than 500,000 and under-represented in cities of 500,000 and over. A birth month/relative age effect (in the form of a distinct bias towards elite athletes being relatively older than their peers) was found for hockey and baseball but not for basketball and golf. Comparative analyses suggested that contextual factors associated with place of birth contribute more influentially to the achievement of an elite level of sport performance than does relative age and that these factors are essentially independent in their influences on expertise development.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Robert Strom  Helen F. Robison  Abraham J. Tannenbaum  Chaim Adler  David R. Hunter  Stephen Wiseman  John Nisbet  Bruce Joyce  Shelly P. Koenigsberg 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1967,13(4):496-511

  相似文献