Varied Developmental Trajectories: Lessons for Educators     

Catherine E. Snow 《Mind, Brain, and Education》2008,2(2):59-61

ABSTRACT— Methodological ingenuity and deep knowledge of expected development are combined by Immordino-Yang to produce an enlightening analysis of 2 hemispherectomized youths. Specific lessons to be drawn from her article include the following: the limitations of anatomy in predicting function; the need for educators to understand fully the multifunctionality, plasticity, and experience-driven development of cortical structures; the importance of a wide-ranging and multilayered approach to assessment when it is being used for diagnostic purposes; and, finally, the difficulty (and importance) of distinguishing task accomplishment from procedures undertaken while performing the task. Carefully documented stories like those told by Immordino-Yang in this important article serve as a salutary reminder to educators that there are multiple pathways to the achievement of many developmental goals and that the educator's role is to support the student's optimal trajectory rather than imposing a normative trajectory.  相似文献   

Ecological, psychological, and cognitive components of reading difficulties: testing the component model of reading in fourth graders across 38 countries     

Chiu MM  McBride-Chang C  Lin D 《Journal of learning disabilities》2012,45(5):391-405

The authors tested the component model of reading (CMR) among 186,725 fourth grade students from 38 countries (45 regions) on five continents by analyzing the 2006 Progress in International Reading Literacy Study data using measures of ecological (country, family, school, teacher), psychological, and cognitive components. More than 91% of the differences in student difficulty occurred at the country (61%) and classroom (30%) levels (ecological), with less than 9% at the student level (cognitive and psychological). All three components were negatively associated with reading difficulties: cognitive (student's early literacy skills), ecological (family characteristics [socioeconomic status, number of books at home, and attitudes about reading], school characteristics [school climate and resources]), and psychological (students' attitudes about reading, reading self-concept, and being a girl). These results extend the CMR by demonstrating the importance of multiple levels of factors for reading deficits across diverse cultures.  相似文献   

Paternal depression and risk for child neglect in father-involved families of young children     

Lee SJ  Taylor CA  Bellamy JL 《Child abuse & neglect》2012,36(5):461-469

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Students’ experiences of supervision in academic and industry settings: results of an Australian study     

Suzanne Morris  Rachael Pitt  Catherine Manathunga 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2012,37(5):619-636

The joint supervision of Research Higher Degree (RHD) students by an industry and university supervisor is likely to increase in forthcoming years with a rise in the number of university–industry collaborations. Research students may become involved in these collaborative arrangements for a variety of reasons and may launch into their RHD without considering how they will serve two masters, and how this complex relationship will affect their RHD experience. Moreover, little research has been conducted to assess the impact of these arrangements on current RHD students’ experiences. The experiences of students with academic and industry supervisors were, therefore, explored in a survey of confirmed RHD students at an Australian research‐intensive university. This paper investigates whether RHD students conducting research in traditional academic settings have a different experience to students working on industry‐related projects in industry settings, specifically in regards to supervision and institutional access and engagement.  相似文献   

The experience of male adolescent refugees during their transfer and adaptation to a UK secondary school     

Catherine Hastings 《Educational Psychology in Practice》2012,28(4):335-351

This paper outlines a study which investigated the experience of six male adolescent refugees during their transfer and adaptation to a secondary school in the UK. The research used a qualitative design. The approach adopted was Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The data generated three superordinate themes which reflected the participants’ sense of being in need of help during the early stages of their transfer, their process of adapting to school and developing a sense of belonging in this context, and their overriding need for safety. These themes are explored in relation to existing research and implications for practice are offered.  相似文献   

Distributing learning over time: the spacing effect in children's acquisition and generalization of science concepts     

Vlach HA  Sandhofer CM 《Child development》2012,83(4):1137-1144

The spacing effect describes the robust finding that long‐term learning is promoted when learning events are spaced out in time rather than presented in immediate succession. Studies of the spacing effect have focused on memory processes rather than for other types of learning, such as the acquisition and generalization of new concepts. In this study, early elementary school children (5‐ to 7‐year‐olds; N = 36) were presented with science lessons on 1 of 3 schedules: massed, clumped, and spaced. The results revealed that spacing lessons out in time resulted in higher generalization performance for both simple and complex concepts. Spaced learning schedules promote several types of learning, strengthening the implications of the spacing effect for educational practices and curriculum.  相似文献   

How do public libraries create social capital? An analysis of interactions between library staff and patrons     

Catherine A. Johnson 《Library & information science research》2012

In this qualitative study exploring the content of social interactions between library staff and patrons, interviews were held with 15 library staff members in three neighborhood branch libraries in a large American midwestern city. An analysis of the interviews suggests that public libraries may contribute to social capital through the relationships and interactions that occur between staff and patrons. Some of the ways in which these relationships and interactions may contribute to social capital include: building patrons' trust in the library and its staff, connecting people to both community and library resources, providing social support for patrons, reducing social isolation, helping patrons gain skills to function in an increasingly online world, and providing a positive place for neighborhood residents to gather. The kinds of social interactions occurring in libraries that may help to build social capital are highlighted.  相似文献   

Improving information retrieval using Medical Subject Headings Concepts: a test case on rare and chronic diseases     

SJ Darmoni  LF Soualmia  C Letord  MC Jaulent  N Griffon  B Thirion  A Névéol 《Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA》2012,100(3):176-183

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A Pre-service Teacher Training Model with Instructional Technology Graduate Students as Peer Coaches to Elementary Pre-service Teachers     

Patricia J. Slagter van Tryon  Catherine Stein Schwartz 《TechTrends》2012,56(6):31-36

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Evaluation of best practices in the design of online evidence-based practice instructional modules     

Margaret J. Foster  Suzanne Shurtz  Catherine Pepper 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2014,102(1):31-40

Objectives:

The research determined to what extent best practices are being followed by freely available online modules aimed at teaching critical thinking and evidence-based practices (EBPs) in health sciences fields.

Methods:

In phase I, an evaluation rubric was created after reviewing the literature. Individual rubric questions were assigned point values and grouped into sections, and the sections weighted. Phase II involved searching Internet platforms to locate online EBP modules, which were screened to determine if they met predetermined criteria for inclusion. Phase III comprised a first evaluation, in which two authors assessed each module, followed by a second evaluation of the top-scoring modules by five representatives from different health sciences units.

Results:

The rubric''s 28 questions were categorized into 4 sections: content, design, interactivity, and usability. After retrieving 170 online modules and closely screening 91, 42 were in the first evaluation and 8 modules were in the second evaluation. Modules in the first evaluation earned, on average, 59% of available points; modules in the second earned an average of 68%. Both evaluations had a moderate level of inter-rater reliability.

Conclusions:

The rubric was effective and reliable in evaluating the modules. Most modules followed best practices for content and usability but not for design and interactivity.

Implications:

By systematically collecting and evaluating instructional modules, the authors found many potentially useful elements for module creation. Also, by reviewing the limitations of the evaluated modules, the authors were able to anticipate and plan ways to overcome potential issues in module design.  相似文献