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11.
Ashok V. Desai 《Research Policy》1980,9(1):74-96
This paper surveys the trends in industrial R&D in India over the last two decades. It shows that there has been a rapid rise in R&D expenditure and a shift in its composition towards in-house corporate R&D and away from R&D in government laboratories, which is explained by the laboratories' lack of market orientation and manufacturing experience. According to cross-section studies of corporate R&D, larger companies aim towards larger technological advances and take a longer view; but the overall composition of corporate R&D shows no discernible change. This apparent inconsistency is explained by the development of the technology market. Much R&D was triggered off by the need for import replacement arising from import controls till 1965 and later by the need for product diversification in the recession. But construction of new plants and mechanization for speeding up operations, activities where sustained R&D can yield large firms a steady flow of innovations, were unimportant or infrequent, and the demand for technology they gave rise to was largely met by imports. 相似文献
12.
AbstractThe year 1990 is pivotal in South African history. The liberation movements were unbanned, and Nelson Mandela was freed in the midst of a tour by Mike Gatting’s English rebel cricket team. The newly constituted National Sports Congress, which had the support of the African National Congress, was at the forefront of protests against the tour. For once, Ali Bacher and apartheid cricket were on the back foot. However, the NSC did a sudden volte-face by calling off protests and negotiating the end of the tour. One reason for this decision was that the NSC was made aware of Mandela’s imminent release and that sport would play a key role in creating a ‘stable’ environment. These moves and countermoves accelerated cricket “unity” and saw South African return to international cricket before the formal end of apartheid. This paper interrogates the consequences of cricket returning to the international fold in such haste. It is entitled ‘Nelson’ because in some cricket countries, the score of 111 is called Nelson, and there is a superstitious belief that a wicket would fall. With Mandela’s release, 1990 was the year in which apartheid’s wicket fell, though victory celebrations appear to have been premature. 相似文献
13.
In Canada’s first-ever strategy, international education (IE) is linked to immigration policy with international students (IS) recruited as ‘ideal’ immigrants. This paper engages in policy sociology and Ball's concepts of 'policy as text' and 'policy as discourse' (10). It follows three stages of critical policy discourse analysis. The first a simple tally of the most commonly used words/phrases in the Strategy; the second analyses it using Van Leeuwen’s framework and the third presents results from a study on the perception and experiences of IS, exposing the gap between policy rhetoric and practice. The paper concludes that critical discourse analysis is a powerful tool to uncover policy values/ideologies, identify legitimation strategies and reveal perpetuation of power relations/status quo within Canadian society. 相似文献
14.
This study examines the study-abroad experiences of pre-service teacher candidates at the Faculty of Education, York University, using transformative learning theory. Disorienting experiences are a crucial first step for perspective transformation; students reported facing racial dynamics, “outsider” status, risk-taking behavior and power relations. Students’ utilized a variety of reflection opportunities; however, critical self-reflection imperative for transformation requires greater awareness of one’s frame of reference. Future studies need to examine how students’ specificities shape the realization of study-abroad goals for pre-service teachers and their ability to develop global consciousness and to work towards an equitable and just society. 相似文献
15.
Roopa Desai Trilokekar 《Higher Education》2010,59(2):131-147
This paper explores the role of the Canadian federal government in two foreign policy areas: overseas development assistance
and international cultural relations by providing a brief history of the federal government’s engagement in both policy areas
and highlighting the contributions and challenges of Canadian foreign policy to the internationalization of Canadian higher
education. More broadly, the paper explores the unique characteristics of the Canadian federal government’s role in higher
education policy making, and in particular, its relations with academics and the university community. Ironically in a world
increasingly characterized by greater international education flows, in Canada, there has been a narrowing of vision, a focus
on more short rather than long term objectives and a limited engagement of dialogue between academics and the government to
promote both development assistance and international education as Canada’s soft power. 相似文献
16.
Uday Desai 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1991,37(2):245-265
This paper addresses the impacts of family and pupil characteristics on children's academic learning in primary schools in India. The present study focuses on the children who have dropped out before completing primary schooling. The study is based on a random sample of two hundred children from twenty villages in two districts in the state of Andhra Pradesh in south India. A special test was developed and administered to measure the academic achievement of the children. Our study found that education supplies and the sanitary facilities at home have a remarkable relationship with the academic performance of children. In addition, the locale of a child's home, its distance from the source of drinking water, the child's father's work status and literacy and the level (grade) of schooling that the child has completed before dropping out, also have significant influence on child's performance. Our study also found that the child's gender, age at enrollment, reason for dropping out, and parents' income, literacy and caste do not have significant influence on performance. These findings have important public policy implications for the provision of basic sanitary facilities to all households, subsidized educational supplies, free uniforms, text-books, and mid-day meals.
Field work and empirical data collection for this study in India were supported by a Senior Research Fellowship from the American Institute of Indian Studies. I am grateful for their support. I am also thankful to my research assistants, Mr. Assefaw Bariagaber and Mr. Ahrar Ahmad for their help in research and analysis. I alone am responsible for the views expressed in this article. 相似文献
Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel befaßt sich mit den Auswirkungen der familienbedingten und charakteristischen Merkmale von Schülern auf das formale Lernen in den Primarschulen Indiens. Die vorliegende Studie ist auf Kinder ausgerichtet, die vor Abschluß der Primarschule abgegangen sind. Sie basiert auf einer Zufallsstichprobe von 200 Kindern aus 20 Dörfern in zwei Distrikten des Bundesstaates Andhra Pradesh in Südindien. Ein besonderer Test wurde entwickelt und ausgeführt, um die schulischen Leistungen der Kinder zu ermitteln. Die Studie zeigt, daß Bildungsmaterialien und sanitäre Einrichtungen zu Hause eine bemerkenswerte Beziehung zu den Schulleistungen der Kinder haben. Darüberhinaus haben die Umgebung der Wohnung des Kindes, die Entfernung bis zur Trinkwasserstelle, die Arbeitsstellung und Alphabetisierung des Vaters und der Grad der erreichten schulischen Bildung des Kindes vor dem Schulabgang, einen wesentlichen Einfluß auf die Schulleistung des Kindes. Durch die Studie wurde ebenfalls herausgefunden, daß das Geschlecht des Kindes, sein Alter bei der Einschulung, Gründe für den Schulabbruch sowie das Einkommen der Eltern, Alphabetisierungsgrad und Kastenzugehörigkeit, keinen bedeutenden Einfluß auf die Leistung haben. Diese Ergebnisse ziehen wichtige politische Auswirkungen in der Öffentlichkeit nach sich, z.B. Vorkehrungen zu treffen für die Grundlage sanitärer Einrichtungen in allen Haushalten, subventionierte Bildungsmaterialien wie Bereitstellung kostenloser Schuluniformen, Lehrbücher und Mittagessen.
Résumé Cet article examine les incidences des caractéristiques de la famille et des élèves sur l'apprentissage scolaire des enfants des écoles primaires en Inde. La présente étude se focalise sur les enfants qui ont abandonné l'école avant d'avoir terminé l'enseignement primaire. Elle se fonde sur un échantillon au hasard de deux cents enfants provenant de villages appartenant à deux districts situés dans l'Etat d'Andhra Pradesh au sud de l'Inde. On a mis au point et fait passer un test spécial afin d'évaluer les résultats scolaires des enfants. Notre étude a révélé que la présence de fournitures scolaires et d'installations sanitaires à la maison a une relation étroite avec le travail scolaire des enfants. En outre, la situation de la maison d'un enfant, sa distance de la source d'eau potable, le statut professionnel du père, le niveau d'alphabétisation et de scolarité que l'enfant a acquis avant d'abandonner l'école ont également une influence importante sur le comportement de l'enfant à l'école. Notre étude a, par ailleurs, montré que le sexe de l'enfant, l'âge de l'entrée à l'école, la raison de l'abandon scolaire, ainsi que le revenu, le niveau d'alphabétisation et la caste des parents n'ont pas d'influence particulière sur le travail scolaire de l'enfant. Ces résultats ont des conséquences politiques importantes pour la fourniture d'installations sanitaires essentielles à tous les ménages, de matériels éducatifs subventionnés, d'uniformes, de manuels et de repas de midi gratuits.
Field work and empirical data collection for this study in India were supported by a Senior Research Fellowship from the American Institute of Indian Studies. I am grateful for their support. I am also thankful to my research assistants, Mr. Assefaw Bariagaber and Mr. Ahrar Ahmad for their help in research and analysis. I alone am responsible for the views expressed in this article. 相似文献
17.
Gauri A. Desai 《Journal of sports sciences》2021,39(1):38-47
ABSTRACT Coordinative variability (CAV) and underlying coordinative patterns are potential running-related overuse injury (RROI) mechanisms, but prospective analyses are needed. This study compared lower limb CAV and coordinative patterns between prospectively injured and uninjured runners. Knee, shank, and ankle kinematics were collected for 39 recreational runners at the beginning of a 6-month follow-up period. Subjects were classified as injured (n=21) or controls (n=18) based on RROI incidence during follow-up. CAV was quantified using modified vector coding. Time spent in each coordinative pattern category was quantified using binning frequency analysis. Coordinative patterns were classified as mechanically unsound if underlying joint/segment motions opposed anatomically allowable running motion. Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests compared CAV and binning frequencies between groups within different stance portions for knee-shank, shank-ankle, and knee-ankle couplings (α≤0.05). During initial-stance, the injured group displayed significantly greater knee-ankle CAV (effect size (ES)=1.1), knee-shank CAV (ES=0.97), and greater frequency of mechanically unsound knee-shank (ES=0.72) and shank-ankle (ES=0.63) motion. During mid-stance, the injured group displayed lower frequency of mechanically sound knee-ankle motion (ES=0.31). In late-stance, the injured group displayed greater shank-ankle CAV (ES=0.11). Mechanically unsound coordinative patterns along with greater knee-ankle and shank-ankle CAV potentially lead to RROI. 相似文献
18.
Dipti Desai 《Peabody Journal of Education》2013,88(4):425-442
This article uses the lens of contemporary visual art as a counternarrative to explore the racialization of immigration in the United States and its relationship to education. Drawing on critical race theory, I argue that today several artists use their artistic practice to intervene strategically in the immigration debates. These artistic interventions are pedagogical because they open spaces for students to address the topic of immigration in both secondary schools and universities. As pedagogical sites, these art practices precipitate debate, dissent, and dialogue about immigration in the United States, generating another avenue for civic engagement, which is a crucial component of democracy. 相似文献
19.
Attention has been drawn to the persistent underrepresentation of underserved populations in gifted education programs. Though a small number of working-class students, students of color, recent immigrants, and students with limited English proficiency attend these programs, access to gifted education remains closely linked to White and upper-middle-class populations. The question remains: how, in a system that claims to be committed to achieving equity, do such disparities come to be and, furthermore, how are they justified? In this article we attempt to make sense of this phenomenon by examining how discourses of talent are mobilized within the context of a particular kind of gifted education program: a specialized arts program within a Canadian public secondary school. 相似文献
20.