What static and dynamic properties should slalom skis possess? Judgements by advanced and expert skiers     

Fischer C  Overney LS  Fauve M  Blanke O  Rhyner H  Herzog MH  Bourban PE  Månson JA 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(14):1567-1576

Flexural and torsional rigidity are important properties of skis. However, the flexural and torsional rigidity that lead to optimal performance remain to be established. In the present study, four pairs of slalom skis that differed in flexural and torsional rigidity were tested by advanced and expert skiers. Using a 10-item questionnaire, different aspects of the skis' performance were rated on a 9-point scale. For each pair of skis, physical measurements were compared with the ratings of the two groups of skiers. Correlations (Spearman) were then determined between (i) different mechanical properties of the skis (static and dynamic), (ii) subjective assessments of the participants, and (iii) properties of the skis and the participants' assessments. The latter showed that expert skiers rate the aspects of the skis more accurately than advanced skiers. Most importantly, expert skiers are particularly sensitive to torsion of the skis. These results suggest that such highly rated elements should be addressed in future ski designs.  相似文献   

Sprinting analysis of elite soccer players during European Champions League and UEFA Cup matches   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Di Salvo V  Baron R  González-Haro C  Gormasz C  Pigozzi F  Bachl N 《Journal of sports sciences》2010,28(14):1489-1494

It has been suggested that assessment of high-intensity activities during a match is a valid measure of physical performance in elite soccer. Recently, sprinting activities have been analysed in more depth. The aim of this study was to develop a detailed analysis of the sprinting activities of different playing positions during European Champions League and UEFA Cup competitions. Altogether, 717 elite outfield soccer players were evaluated throughout 2002-2006 using ProZone? (Leeds, UK). Sprinting (explosive and leading) was analysed for each playing position. To compare positional differences, a Kruskal-Wallis analysis was performed. Differences were found among positions for total number of sprints and total sprint distance covered: wide midfielders > (attackers = wide defenders) > central midfielders > central defenders (P < 0.001), as well as for explosive sprints: (wide midfielders = attackers = wide defenders) > central defenders, wide midfielders > central midfielders > central defenders and attackers = wide defenders = central midfielders (P < 0.001), and leading sprints: wide midfielders > (attackers = wide defenders) > central midfielders > central defenders (P < 0.001). For each group, there were no differences in ratio of explosive to leading sprints. Wide midfielders performed a higher number of sprints in all five distance categories than all other positions. This study showed that sprinting characteristics are influenced by position. Wide midfielders have to complete additional high-intensity activities during training sessions compared with the other positions to achieve the performance level required during the match.  相似文献   

The Early History of David Bohm’s Quantum Mechanics Through the Perspective of Ludwik Fleck’s Thought-Collectives     

Christian Forstner 《Minerva》2008,46(2):215-229

This paper analyses the early history of David Bohm’s mechanics from the perspective of Ludwik Fleck’s thought-collectives and shows how the thought-style of the scientific community limits the possible modes of thinking and what new possibilities for the construction of a new theory arise if these limits are removed.  相似文献   

A System Approach to a Postgraduate Course Based on Behavioural Objectives     

Christian Olsen 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1973,4(3):204-215

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Animations-Framework in Java
Systematische Animationsentwicklung mit Mehrschichtenarchitektur     

Christian Weidauer 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2000,41(1):83-91

Multimedia-Anwendungen und Animationen sind durch Dynamik gekennzeichnet. Die Dynamik muss sich in der Architektur der Anwendung niederschlagen. Eine M?glichkeit hierbei besteht darin, die Dynamik in einer speziellen Softwareschicht innerhalb einer Mehrschichtenarchitektur zu realisieren. Dieses Papier stellt ein Animations-Framework in Java vor, das diese Architektur JavaBeans-konform als muster-orientiertes Framework realisiert und somit die systematische Entwicklung von animierten Multimedia-Anwendungen in Java unterstützt.  相似文献   

Spieker,Susanne, Die Entstehung des modernen Erziehungsdenkens aus der europäischen Expansion (Interkulturelle Pädagogik und postkoloniale Theorie,vol. 4), edited by Heike Niedrig and Louis Henri Seukwa,Frankfurt am Main,Peter Lang, 2015, 343 pp., €61.60, ISBN 978-3-631-65089-9     

Christian Roith 《Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education》2018,54(3):371-374

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Families support their children's success in science learning by influencing interest and self‐efficacy     

Li Sha  Christian Schunn  Meghan Bathgate  Adar Ben‐Eliyahu 《科学教学研究杂志》2016,53(3):450-472

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Naphtali Herz Wessely,Worte des Friedens und der Wahrheit. Dokumente einer Kontroverse über Erziehung in der europäischen Spätaufklärung,edited, introduced and commented on by Ingrid Lohmann,co-edited by Rainer Wenzel and Uta Lohmann.     

Christian Roith 《Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education》2015,51(6):783-787

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Measuring the (dis-)similarity between expert and novice behaviors as serious games analytics     

Christian Sebastian Loh  Yanyan Sheng 《Education and Information Technologies》2015,20(1):5-19

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The influence of information depth and information breadth on brokers’ idea newness in online maker communities     

Christian Resch  Alexander Kock 《Research Policy》2021,50(8):104142

Social networks provide individuals with diverse or redundant information depending on the network structure. Both types of information offer advantages for generating new ideas. At the same time, network structure and network content are independent. As a result, two individuals with the same network position can access diverse or redundant content from their social peers. In this study, we investigate the function of social networks in innovative endeavors given individuals’ different kinds of information accessing behavior. In accordance with previous research, we argue that individuals with a broker status access more diverse information through non-redundant network structures and develop, on average, more novel ideas. We further propose that redundancy in content complements brokers’ structural non-redundancy by providing familiar knowledge elements and therefore interpretability, while non-redundancy in both content and structure leads to information overload. Thus, we hypothesize that brokers accessing more information depth, and independently, less information breadth generate newer ideas. To test our hypotheses, we collected data from a popular online maker community containing 18,146 ideas, 19,919 profiles, and 52,663 comments. We used topic modeling (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) to extract hidden knowledge elements and social network analysis to identify brokers. In line with our hypotheses, we find that information depth (breadth) strengthens (weakens) a favorable broker position. These findings have implications for the literature on idea generation in social networks and household sector innovation.  相似文献