Back to Africa: Tracing Dyslexia Genes in East Africa     

Elena L. Grigorenko  Adam Naples  Joseph Chang  Christina Romano  Damaris Ngorosho  Selemani Kungulilo  Matthew Jukes  Donald Bundy 《Reading and writing》2007,20(1-2):27-49

A sample of Swahili-speaking probands with reading difficulties was identified from a large representative sample of 1,500 school children in the rural areas of Tanzania. Families of these probands (n = 88) were invited to participate in the study. The proband and his/her siblings received a battery of reading-related tasks and performance on these tasks was recorded and treated as phenotypic data. Molecular-genetic analyses were carried out with 47 highly polymorphic markers spanning three previously identified regions of interest harboring susceptibility loci for reading difficulties: 2p, 6p, and 15q (DYX1–DYX3). The analyses revealed the involvement of these regions in the development of reading difficulties in Swahili. The linkage signals are especially pronounced for time (compared with error) indicators of reading difficulties. These findings are easily interpretable because in transparent languages such as Swahili deficits in reading are more related to the rate/speed of reading and reading-related processes than to the number of errors made. In short, the study incrementally advances the field by adding an understudied language and an understudied population to the variety of languages and populations in the field of molecular-genetic studies of reading difficulties.  相似文献   

Rats acquire a low-response-cost daily time-place task with differential amounts of food     

Thorpe CM  Wilkie DM 《Learning & behavior》2007,35(1):71-78

Gallistel (1990) theorized that when animals encounter a biologically significant event, they automatically form a tripartite code consisting of the time, place, and nature of the event. Recent research examining such time-place learning (TPL) has shown that rats are reluctant to perform TPL tasks and appear to do so only under high-response-cost situations (Thorpe, Bates, & Wilkie, 2003; Widman, Gordon, & Timberlake, 2000). In the present study, we trained rats on a low-response-cost daily TPL task, in which the amount of food varied with the spatiotemporal contingencies. It was found that rats readily learned this task. We hypothesize that, rather than automatically encoding a tripartite code when faced with a biologically important event, rats instead automatically encode bipartite codes consisting of time-event and event-place information.  相似文献   

Adolescent Journeys: Finding Female Authority in <Emphasis Type="Italic">The Rain Catchers and The House on Mango Street</Emphasis>     

Christina Rose Dubb 《Children‘s Literature in Education》2007,38(3):219-232

This article compares the first-person narratives of two adolescent girls in the novels The Rain Catchers and The House on Mango Street. I propose that adolescent girls can use literacy to read the world around them as a text and therefore help them to form their own identities enough to ultimately find authority in telling their own stories. I use Judith Langer’s theory of envisionment-building as a primary lens through which to interpret the girls’ narrative work and further elucidate the feminist aspects involved through Belenky et al.’s famous work, Women’s Ways of Knowing.

Christina Rose DubbEmail:

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Assessing abuse risk beyond self-report: analog task of acceptability of parent-child aggression     

Rodriguez CM  Russa MB  Harmon N 《Child abuse & neglect》2011,35(3):199-209

Objectives

The present investigation reports on the development and initial validation of a new analog task, the Parent-Child Aggression Acceptability Movie Task (P-CAAM), intended to assess respondents’ acceptance of parent-child aggression, including both physical discipline and physical abuse.

Methods

Two independent samples were utilized to develop and evaluate the P-CAAM: an undergraduate sample to initially pilot the task and a separate sample of normative parents for additional assessment of validity. Scores from the P-CAAM were compared to related measures, including measures of self-reported disciplinary attitudes, child abuse potential, harsh parenting style, and use and escalation of physical discipline practices on another analog parenting task.

Results

Across the studies, the P-CAAM demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and construct validity, evidencing mild to moderate associations with both self-report and analog measures. Participants demonstrating increased acceptance of physical discipline and physical abuse on the P-CAAM analog task also reported greater approval of physical discipline, greater use of and escalation of physical discipline, harsher parenting styles, and higher child abuse potential on two separate measures.

Conclusions

The P-CAAM analog appears to offer a promising alternative and/or supplement to conventional self-report measures, assessing attitudes regarding the acceptability of parent-child aggression in a way that is less likely to be influenced by social desirability. Suggestions for future evaluations with alternative samples, as well as possible implications of the data for disciplinary reactions are discussed.

Practice implications

The development of alternatives to self-report measurement may lead to clarification of theoretical models of abuse in ways that lead to improvements in intervention programming; analogs may also provide a useful means to assess intervention programming outcomes.  相似文献   

The role of the principal's leadership style in the implementation of ICT policy     

Christina Hadjithoma‐Garstka 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2011,42(2):311-326

This paper presents findings of a study in information communication technology (ICT) implementation, on the principal's leadership style in relation to other factors that influence implementation. The principal's leadership style is perceived—on the basis of the characteristics of the context where the study was conducted—as a personal quality, rather than a change/transformational leadership behaviour or related to the principals' positional authority. The study employed firstly a large‐scale survey based on which case studies of four schools were selected for further research. The findings have implications for practice, more specifically, for principals' training and for the support provided to schools for embedding ICT. The paper draws on an institutionalist implementation approach to describe the principals' role in theorising the concept of ICT in education.  相似文献   

Advocating a Post-structuralist Politics for Educational Leadership     

Richard Niesche  Christina Gowlett 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2015,47(4):372-386

Abstract

Post-structuralist discourses have usually been associated with forms of critique and deconstruction of social, cultural and philosophical phenomena. However, this article attempts to provide a generative approach to understanding educational leadership through Michel Foucault’s notions of power and subjectification, and Judith Butler’s notions of performativity and discursive agency through re-signification. We argue that leadership is not simply a list of traits, characteristics or behaviours to be implemented. Rather, we argue that leaders are performatively constituted through everyday practices and discourses. The aim is to interrupt prevailing discourses that often re-inscribe certain forms of meaning and understanding in educational leadership. This disruption subsequently provides possibility for putting forward otherwise silenced ideas about what leadership is and how leadership ‘identity’ (subjectivity) is formed, thus expanding the methodological tools scholars can use to talk about leadership.  相似文献   

Empirical validation of integrated learning performances for hydrologic phenomena: 3rd‐grade students' model‐driven explanation‐construction          下载免费PDF全文

Cory T. Forbes  Laura Zangori  Christina V. Schwarz 《科学教学研究杂志》2015,52(7):895-921

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Building a Dynamic Online Learning Community among Adult Learners     

Minjuan Wang  Christina Sierra  Terre Folger 《Educational Media International》2013,50(1-2):49-62

This article examines the nature of learning communities constructed among a diverse group of adult learners in an online graduate-level course. The course engages students in both independent and team tasks to complete several project deliverables. The 21 students enrolled in this online course came from across the USA and countries as far away as Hong Kong, Japan, Argentina and Venezuela. Students and their instructor communicated via a variety of computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools, including synchronous webcasts and chat sessions and asynchronous e-mail and discussion boards. Discourse artefacts, student profiles, survey responses, and project evaluations were content analysed for evidence of the formation of learning communities, particularly for evidence of three markers: participation, shared identity and the establishment of a social network. This action research also generates pedagogical implications for promoting adult learners' active participation in online learning and instructional strategies to facilitate the community-building process. Construction d’une communauté d’apprentissage en ligne pour des étudiants adultes. Cet article examine la nature des communautés d’apprentissage formées dans un groupe varié d’étudiants adultes dans un cours en ligne de niveau graduate. Le cours engage les étudiants dans des taches À la fois indépendantes et en groupe pour mettre en oeuvre plusieurs projets. Les 21 étudiants inscrits dans ce cours en ligne venaient des Etats Unis et de pays aussi lointaines que Hong Kong, le Japon, l’Argentine et le Venezuela. Les étudiants et leur instructeur communiquaient grÂce À une variété d’outils de computer-mediated communication (CMC), y compris ces contributions synchrones du Web, des

séances de chat, des e-mails asynchrones et des sessions de discussion. Les produits des causeries, les profits des étudiants, les réponses aux questionnaires et les évaluations du projet ont donné lieu À des analyses de contenue pour mettre en évidence la formation de ces communautés d’apprentissage, et particulièrement 3 marqueurs: la participation, le partage des identités et l’établissement d’un réseau social. Cette recherche en action engendre aussi des implications pédagogiques pour promouvoir la participation des stratégies d’instruction pour faciliter le processus de construction de la communauté. über die Bildung einer Online Lerngemeinschaft zwischen erwachsenen Lernenden. Dieser Artikel untersucht das Verhalten von Lerngemeinschaften bei unterschiedlichen Lerngruppen von Erwachsenen in

einem online Examenskurs. Der Kurs verlangt von den Studenten selbständig und im Team einige vorgegebene Projekte fertigzustellen. Die in diesem online Kurs 21 eingeschriebenen Studenten kamen aus Gegenden quer durch die USA und Ländern wie Hong Kong, Japan, Argentinien und Venezuela. Die Studenten und ihr Lehrer kummunizierten via einer

Vielzahl von Computer gestützten Communication Tools (CMC) einschliesslich synchronen webcasts und chat sessions sowie

asynchronen e-mails und Diskussionsforen. Arbeitswerkzeuge, Studentenprofile, Prüfung der Antworten, und Projektevaluierungen wurden inhaltsbezogen analysiert um die Formierung von Lerngemeinschaften zu beweisen und im besonderen drei Hauptmerkmale zu belegen: Teilnahme, Mitteilung der Identität und Einrichtung eines gemeinsamen

Networks. Diese Studie hatte pädagogische Folgen, nämlich die aktive Teilnahme Erwachsener im online Lernen und bei Unterrichtsstrategien zu fördern, um den Prozess einer Gemeinschaftsbildung zu erleichtern.  相似文献   

The perceptions of high-level officers in Cyprus about intercultural education and their underlying assumptions     

Christina Hajisoteriou  Lefkios Neophytou 《Curriculum Journal》2013,24(1):115-136

Abstract

This article is based on a year‐long study of elementary to secondary transition in rural Ontario, Canada. The study considered the experience of transition for rural students within the political context of recently mandated changes to the transition years in Ontario. Research elsewhere suggests that the strong academic orientation of the secondary school creates a polarized and fragmented school culture which leads to student alienation and high drop‐out rates. These issues were regarded as less relevant in the rural area where the study took place and, thus, the teachers, parents and students who participated were sceptical about the need for change. The article examines the influence of contextual factors, including the rural setting, school structure and size, and teacher experience, on school culture and curriculum, and participants’ experiences of transition and their perspectives on change. A dialogical approach to enquiry was taken which attempted to bring together, through dialogue, the disparate views of research and participants to achieve new understandings on the critical issues of rural transition.  相似文献   

After-school tutoring in the context of no Child Left Behind: Effectiveness of two programs in the Pittsburgh Public Schools     

Ron Zimmer  Laura Hamilton  Rachel Christina 《Economics of Education Review》2010,29(1):18-28

The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation has created pressure for districts to improve their students’ proficiency levels on state tests. Districts that fail to meet their academic targets for 3 years must use their Title I funds to pay for supplemental education services (SES) that provide tutoring or other academic instruction. Many districts, including the Pittsburgh Public Schools (PPS), have also adopted additional tutoring programs designed to help students reach proficiency goals. This paper examines student participation and achievement in two PPS tutoring programs—the NCLB-mandated SES program and a state-developed tutoring program. We examine the characteristics of students participating in each program, the effects of participation on student achievement, and the program features that are associated with improved achievement.  相似文献