Contribution of implicit sequence learning to spoken language processing: some preliminary findings with hearing adults     

Conway CM  Karpicke J  Pisoni DB 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2007,12(3):317-334

Spoken language consists of a complex, sequentially arrayed signal that contains patterns that can be described in terms of statistical relations among language units. Previous research has suggested that a domain-general ability to learn structured sequential patterns may underlie language acquisition. To test this prediction, we examined the extent to which implicit sequence learning of probabilistically structured patterns in hearing adults is correlated with a spoken sentence perception task under degraded listening conditions. Performance on the sentence perception task was found to be correlated with implicit sequence learning, but only when the sequences were composed of stimuli that were easy to encode verbally. Implicit learning of phonological sequences thus appears to underlie spoken language processing and may indicate a hitherto unexplored cognitive factor that may account for the enormous variability in language outcomes in deaf children with cochlear implants. The present findings highlight the importance of investigating individual differences in specific cognitive abilities as a way to understand and explain language in deaf learners and, in particular, variability in language outcomes following cochlear implantation.  相似文献   

Variable memory strategy use in children's adaptive intratask learning behavior: developmental changes and working memory influences in free recall     

Lehmann M  Hasselhorn M 《Child development》2007,78(4):1068-1082

Variability in strategy use within single trials in free recall was analyzed longitudinally from second to fourth grades (ages 8-10 years). To control for practice effects another sample of fourth graders was included (age 10 years). Video analyses revealed that children employed different strategies when preparing for free recall. A gradual shift from labeling to cumulative rehearsal was present both with increasing age and across different list positions. Whereas cumulative rehearsal was frequent at early list positions, labeling was dominant at later list portions. Working memory capacity predicted the extent of cumulative rehearsal usage, which became more efficient with increasing age. Results are discussed in the context of the adaptive strategy choice model.  相似文献   

Using speech sounds to guide word learning: the case of bilingual infants   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fennell CT  Byers-Heinlein K  Werker JF 《Child development》2007,78(5):1510-1525

Despite the prevalence of bilingualism, language acquisition research has focused on monolingual infants. Monolinguals cannot learn minimally different words (e.g., "bih" and "dih") in a laboratory task until 17 months of age (J. F. Werker, C. T. Fennell, K. M. Corcoran, & C. L. Stager, 2002). This study was extended to 14- to 20-month-old bilingual infants: a heterogeneous sample (English and another language; N = 48) and two homogeneous samples (28 English-Chinese and 25 English-French infants). In all samples, bilinguals did not learn similar-sounding words until 20 months, indicating that they use relevant language sounds (i.e., consonants) to direct word learning developmentally later than monolinguals, possibly due to the increased cognitive load of learning two languages. However, this developmental pattern may be adaptive for bilingual word learning.  相似文献   

Adult dyslexic readers do not demonstrate regularity effects in sentence processing: evidence from eye-movements     

Manon Wyn Jones  M. Louise Kelly  Martin Corley 《Reading and writing》2007,20(9):933-943

We report an eye-movement study that demonstrates differences in regularity effects between adult developmental dyslexic and control non-impaired readers, in contrast to findings from a large number of word recognition studies (see G. Brown, 1997). For low frequency words, controls showed an advantage for Regular items, in which grapheme-to-phoneme strategies could be employed, compared with Irregular Consistent and Inconsistent items, in which rime comparisons or whole word recognition strategies would be advantageous. We propose that in sentential contexts, dyslexic readers do not generate sufficient phonological cues in the parafovea in order to demonstrate the regularity effects typical of unimpaired readers (e.g., S. Sereno & K. Rayner, 2000). These findings suggest that phonological strategies are sensitive to task demands, and underline the impact of methodology on the conclusions that are drawn about dyslexic reading ability.

Manon Wyn JonesEmail:

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Remarks Made During “Dialogue on Intellectual Diversity,” a Forum Held 11 October 2007 at the University of Missouri–St. Louis     

J. Martin Rochester 《Academic Questions》2007,20(4):366-369

In 2006, a bill was submitted in the Missouri Legislature designed to address issues raised during a lawsuit by a Missouri State University social work student contesting requirements that Missouri public colleges and universities take steps to insure tolerance of diverse perspectives in the classroom and on campus. Although the legislation did not pass, it motivated university administrators among other measures to sponsor a forum on “intellectual diversity,” held on 11 October 2007 on the University of Missouri–St. Louis campus. In his remarks as a faculty panelist, J. Martin Rochester makes five distinct points about the realities and pitfalls of regulating tolerance and the true meaning of diversity on a college campus.

J. Martin RochesterEmail:

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Assessing preschoolers’ emergent literacy skills in English and Spanish with the Get Ready to Read! screening tool     

Farver JM  Nakamoto J  Lonigan CJ 《Annals of dyslexia》2007,57(2):161-178

This study investigated the ability of the English and Spanish versions of the Get Ready to Read! Screener (E-GRTR and S-GRTR) administered at the beginning of the preschool year to predict the oral language and phonological and print processing skills of Spanish-speaking English-language learners (ELLs) and English-only speaking children (EO) at the end of the year. The results revealed that the E-GRTR predicted the EO and ELL children’s English emergent literacy skills and the ELL children’s Spanish emergent literacy skills, and the S-GRTR predicted the ELL children’s English and Spanish emergent literacy skills. For both groups, the E-GRTR and the S-GRTR were better at predicting children’s print knowledge in English and Spanish compared to the other emergent literacy measures. The findings suggest that both screeners can be used effectively to assess preschool children’s emergent literacy skills.  相似文献   

Perception of Faculty of the Bologna Process at a Spanish Technical University: A Perspective of Change and Improvement     

Paz Kindelan  Esperanza Ayuga-Téllez  Deborah Martin  Mercedes Valiente 《欧洲教育》2019,51(1):51-70

The Bologna Process affects the academic community, particularly faculty members who have to implement the process. This study is an initiative by a group of lecturers to evaluate the perception of faculty members in the implementation of the Bologna Process. The aim was to assess the evolution of their opinion on the process since a 2011 survey, and their degree of agreement with the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). The results show that faculty members call for more adequate training for the new EHEA process and more institutional support. The study reveals the need for greater involvement and collaboration among faculty members to improve the reform process.  相似文献   

Blue-collar affluence in a remote mining town: challenging the modernist myth of education     

Martin Forsey 《Ethnography and Education》2015,10(3):356-369

Based on research in Karratha, a remote resource town in Western Australia, this paper explores the ways in which blue-collar affluence disturbs the meritocratic mythology of formal education. In the opening decade of the twenty-first century Karratha was one of Australia's most affluent towns, yet its adult population was characterised by a level of formal qualifications that was well below the national average. These demographic realities test fundamental beliefs about the functions of education in industrial modernity in ways that help illuminate the importance of Corbett's challenge for educational sociologists to strengthen their commitment to posthumanist studies focused on building sustainable human spaces, particularly in rural areas. Further to this we need to stretch the possibilities of humanist education beyond the successes linked to financial security. Comprehending alternatives to the structurating influence of the myth of an education-based meritocracy offers an important strategy for doing so.  相似文献   

《美国残疾人法案》（ADA）对残疾青少年体育参与的影响     

马丁·布洛克  王永顺 《南京体育学院学报(社会科学版)》2018,1(2):32-36

美国残疾人保障法是为了维护残疾人的合法权益,发展残疾人事业,保障残疾 人平等地充分参与社会生活而制定的法规。以《美国残疾人法案》为研究对象,运用文献 资料法和逻辑分析法,通过对法案的立法过程、条款内容、保护客体、实施特点进行了阐 述,并在此基础上,对该法案如何保障残疾青少年参与体育项目的选拔、参与以及比赛进 行了深入地解读。研究认为,《美国残疾人法案》为消除社会对残疾人的歧视提供了法律 保障;法案实施具有“易操作性”,使得美国残疾人青少年参与体育避免了“不必要负担”。  相似文献   

国际学生对在线课堂学习支持的需求     

王敏娟  马丁·希门尼斯  安米·劳恩  理查德·戴辛斯 《开放教育研究》2010,16(2):60-70

此文研究了英语非母语学生,在美国某所公共大学网络课堂上学习时候所需要的帮助和支持。建立在网络教学文化差异研究的基础上,本研究关注这些学生在网络学习中可能面临的各种挑战(语言、文化、社交)等。研究揭示了这些挑战在这所大学网络课堂上的显现,并且建议了教学改进方法,比如教师应该更多地理解不同文化背景学生的学习方法和技能,从而改进教学设计和实施。  相似文献