Tournament structure and nations' success in women's professional tennis   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Reid M  Crespo M  Atienza F  Dimmock J 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(11):1221-1228

The relationship between domestic professional tournament structure in women's tennis and the subsequent professional ranking success of a nation's female players is examined. The 2003 women's professional tennis tournament calendar provided the distribution of events in 33 countries. Criteria used to classify nations' success in women's professional tennis were as follows: number of players with Women's Tennis Association (WTA) points, number of players with Top 200 rankings, and the combined WTA ranking of a nation's Top 5 female players. Pearson product - moment correlations were performed between the number of tournaments and the three criteria. Considerable variation was observed in the number of events organized between nations (USA, n = 56; Thailand, n = 3). All countries had internationally ranked female players, and 24 nations had players ranked in the Top 200. Results revealed relationships between a nation's number of women's professional events and both that nation's number of professionally ranked players (r = 0.60; P < 0.01) and Top 200 players (r = 0.60; P < 0.01), as well as the combined ranking of their Top 5 players (r = -0.52; P < 0.01). While a similar association was found between the number of professional events and players ranked in the men's game, there was no significant correlation between events held and the combined standing of nations' best five ranked players. Governing bodies and national associations in tennis should consider the provision of professional, domestic competition as key to the development of female tennis players.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

David Lake  Clive Whitehead  Leanne Dalley-Trim 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2007,34(1):105-113

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CONSERVATIVE CYNICISM: POLITICAL CULTURE IN AUSTRALIA     

Bean  Clive 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》1993,5(1):58-77

Though not without its critics, the concept of political cultureis potentially of much value in aiding the explanation of politicalprocesses and behavior. Unfortunately, however, basic data onpolitical culture remains scarce for many countries, Australiaamong them. Although there is a good deal of impressionisticliterature outlining the contours of the Australian politicalculture, broadly defined, very little systematic evidence hasbeen adduced to test the many assertions made in these writings.This paper injects some empirical substance into the argument.Using the Australian National Social Science Survey 1984–87panel, based on a nationwide sample of 1311 respondents, itpresents evidence on five dimensions of mass political culturein Australia, namely, attitudes towards reliance on government,the responsiveness of government, citizen duty, authoritarianismand federalism. In addition to outlining the basic distributionsof public opinion on these dimensions, the paper uses multivariateanalysis to investigate both the causes and consequences ofthese attitudes.  相似文献   

The Secrets of the Playground     

Cathy Ota  Clive Erricker  & Jane Erricker 《Pastoral Care in Education》1997,15(4):19-24

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Effect of odor preexposure on acquisition of an odor discrimination in dogs     

Nathaniel J. Hall  David W. Smith  Clive D. L. Wynne 《Learning & behavior》2014,42(2):144-152

In two experiments, we investigated the impact of odor preexposure treatments on the acquisition of an olfactory discrimination in dogs. In the first experiment, four groups of dogs were each given five days’ odor-exposure treatment prior to discrimination training. Dogs in the exposure group were exposed to anise extract (S+) for 30 min daily. Dogs in the Pavlovian-relevant pairing group received six daily delayed-conditioning trials to the same S+. The Pavlovian-irrelevant pairing group received conditioning trials to almond extract (S'). Dogs in the control group received no pretreatment. All of the dogs were then trained to detect S+ from a background pine odor (an AX-vs.-X discrimination). The Pavlovian-relevant pairing group acquired the odor discrimination significantly faster than all of the other exposure and control groups, and the remaining groups acquired the discrimination at the same rate as the no-exposure control group. In a second experiment, we extended these results to a within-subjects design using an AX-versus-BX discrimination. Six dogs were simultaneously trained on two different odor discriminations, one discrimination in which the S+ was previously Pavlovian conditioned, and one discrimination in which the S+ was novel. All of the dogs learned the odor discrimination with the previously conditioned S+ faster than they learned the novel odor discrimination, replicating the results of Experiment 1, and demonstrating that familiarity in the form of Pavlovian conditioning enhances odor-discrimination training. The potential mechanisms of the facilitated transfer of a Pavlovian conditioned stimulus to discrimination training are discussed.  相似文献   

PEDAGOGICAL DRIFT: THE EVOLUTION OF NEW APPROACHES AND PARADIGMS IN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Clive Erricker 《Religious education (Chicago, Ill.)》2013,108(1):20-35

This article considers issues raised by attempting to place spirituality in the context of religious education. While, this might appear to be the least problematic for marriages, or most obvious pairing of dancing partners, when considering how it can be addressed in other curriculum subjects, on closer inspection, perhaps it gives rise to some of the most disturbing issues formal education has to face. These issues range across interconnected themes related to philosophical inquiry, national context and tradition, social values, and the rights of citizens in democratic communities. The argument presented is that whether, when we interrogate these issues in the context of different social histories, with special reference to England and Wales, we find that the concept of spirituality questions current constructs of education and religious education.  相似文献   

Strictly by the book: textbooks and the control of production in the North American pulp and paper industry     

Clive Whitehead 《History of education》2013,42(1):85-93

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The historiography of British imperial education policy,Part I: India     

Clive Whitehead 《History of education》2013,42(3):315-329

Colonial education has been controversial and widely divergent interpretations have been offered from contrasting ideological perspectives. British imperial education policy was highly contended during the colonial era and remains a contentious issue amongst many contemporary historians and a critical review of the historiography of the subject is long overdue. British colonial education policy starts in India in 1813, the intention being to promote both Oriental culture and Western science. But a former Director of Public Instruction, writing in the 1920s, claimed that education had done far less for Indian culture than for the material and political progress of India. More recent academic writing about the history of education in British India has been both intermittent and of mixed quality. To date, much of the criticism of British policy appears to have been motivated more by emotion rather than by detailed scholarly analysis and this account argues that more ‘plodding’ in archives is urgently needed at the present time to substantiate, refine or refute the claims of India’s educational historians. This is the first part of a two‐part article, the second of which will deal with Africa and the rest of the colonial Empire.  相似文献   

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF REVERSE TRANSFER,LATERAL TRANSFER,AND FIRST‐TIME COMMUNITY COLLEGE STUDENTS     

Grace N. Mitchell  Clive L. Grafton 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(3):273-280

Among the “new” students attending community colleges are a large number of reserve and lateral transfers, students with previous college experience. This study was conducted to provide information on their characteristics and their reasons for attending and leaving colleges as compared to the first‐time college study. A sample of 10,196 students in the Los Rios Community College District (California) was studied and five student groups were identified: First Time Students (FTS), 54.7 percent; Noncompleter Lateral Transfers (NCLT), 19.2 percent; Completer Lateral Transfers (CLT), 7.5 percent; Noncompleter Reverse Transfers (NCRT), 12 percent; Completer Reverse Transfers (CRT), 7.6 percent. The CRT and FTS groups differed most significantly. The CRT were older, more often married with children, worked more hours, and were taking fewer units. In general, the characteristics of the other three groups were similar and at a mid‐point between the CRT and FTS. Factor analysis of the reasons for attending showed that factors related to job training, location, low cost, lack of admissions requirements, and the colleges' reputation were important for study groups. Preparation for transfer was not among the most important factors for any group. Students who left four‐year colleges listed reasons related to academic indecision, cost, and items critical of the previous institutions significantly more often than students who had left two‐year colleges. They reported reasons related to mobility and short‐range goals significantly more often. Results appeared to support previous studies with regard to students' characteristics. Further research on students' reasons for attending and leaving, as well as a reexamination of colleges' program formats, services and delivery systems were recommended.  相似文献   

Romanian psychiatric literature: analysis of accessibility and nature of Romanian psychiatric articles     

Mihaela Bucur  Clive Adams 《Health information and libraries journal》2010,27(2):140-147

Background: Romania is a low‐income country of 22 million people and, currently, information regarding mental health research is limited. Romania is one of the last countries in eastern Europe not to have its own bibliographic biomedical database. Aim: To assess the content and quality of Romanian psychiatric research activity over time. Method: embase (1980 to April 2008), medline (1950 to April 2008) and Psyc INFO (1806 to April 2008) were systematically searched for psychiatric articles originating from Romania. The sample from Psyc INFO was described. Results: Psyc INFO was by far the best source of Romanian mental health literature with a considerable increase in the publication activity since 2000 (Psyc INFO identified 3236 hits, medline 549, embase 139). Most papers are in English, but a sizeable minority are in Romanian (30%), French (4%) or Hungarian (4%). The main topics of interest are cognitive processes, creativity, schizophrenia and cognitive development and stress and are, according to Psyc INFO’s indexing, ‘empirical studies’. Seventeen randomised trials were identified with all studies after 2000 being sponsored by industry. Conclusions: Surprisingly, and not in keeping with other studies of the literature of neighbouring countries, Psyc INFO is the major source of psychiatric bibliographic records of this region. There are signs of a resurgence of research activity in Romania and as the number of local mental health workers increases we can expect more output. Industry is now funding evaluative studies in Romania. As everywhere, but perhaps more acutely in situations of severely limited research support, there is a difficult balance to be struck between benefiting support and losing independence.  相似文献