Verbal intelligence, English-language skills, personality, and attitude scales were used as predictors of academic performance in 230 male and female arts students at the University of Hong Kong. A series of bivariate, multiple, and canonical correlation analyses were performed. The results showed that verbal intelligence and attitudes, excepting study orientation, were not predictive of performance. English-language skills had the most predictive value, accounting for about 10% of the variance of performance measures. Personality variables failed to predict performance when composite criterion measures (GPAs) were used; however, they proved to be of predictive value when results of individual academic subjects were used as criterion measures. The study points to the importance of using noncomposite criterion measures in prediction and of considering the cultural context of achievement. 相似文献
Since 2007, Brigham Young University Library has provided a paid internship program for undergraduates that allows them to work with a librarian in an academic setting to help them decide if they wish to pursue a master's degree in Library Science. This article describes the internship program and provides results of surveys given to both interns and library mentors regarding their expectations and outcomes. In a new addition to the program, interns now meet with multiple librarians to gain a broad understanding of library work and how different library areas function together. 相似文献
Whereas cognitive and linguistic factors for learning to read have been extensively studied, less is known about affective factors including children’s attitudes toward reading. Studies primarily from English-speaking and Western countries show gradual declines in reading attitudes in elementary school (McKenna et al., Reading Research Quarterly 30:626–639, 1995) and a positive association between reading attitudes and achievement (Petscher, Journal of Research in Reading 33:335–355, 2010). Children from Asian and African countries are underrepresented in this literature; whether these patterns can be generalized across cultures needs further investigation. This longitudinal study examined the reading attitudes of 84 children in Vietnam from grades 1 to 2 and their relations to reading performance, as measured by translated and adapted versions of the Elementary Reading Attitude Survey and Early Grade Reading Assessment, respectively. This sample from Vietnam showed a small decline in reading attitudes over time, particularly in attitudes toward academic reading. However, children on average reported feeling happy about reading in both grades. Correlations revealed different patterns of association between reading attitudes and performance based on the reading measure employed, grade level, and type of reading in question (academic versus recreational). In grade 2, reading attitudes explained unique variance in reading comprehension even after text fluency and mother’s education were considered. We present a margins plot to visualize the role of reading attitudes on reading comprehension. We discuss educational implications and future directions.
An improvement on the transient response of tracking for the sampled-data system based on an improved PD-type iterative learning control (ILC) is proposed in this paper. The developed analog ILC method and the high-gain property tracker design methodology are first combined to significantly reduce learning epochs and overcome the initial condition shift problem and discontinuous reference input in the traditional ILC. Besides, the proposed ILC improves the transient response and decreases the rate of weighting matrices Q to R under the traditional linear quadratic tracker design. First, the off-line observer/Kalman filter identification (OKID) is used to determine the appropriate (low-) order system parameters and state estimator for the physical system with unknown system equation, so that the model-based PD-type ILC can be implemented for practical applications. Then, to improve the transient response and decrease the control effort, the proportional difference type (PD-type) ILC algorithm is combined with the high-gain property linear quadratic tracker (LQT) design to construct the high performance tracker for the model-based sampled-data systems. Furthermore, the discrete-time version high performance tracker design for the unknown stochastic sampled-data system via the iterative learning control method is proposed in this paper based on the Euler method and the digital redesign approach. Finally, some examples are given for illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. 相似文献
This paper reports a method to control the fluid flow in paper-based microfluidic devices simply by pressing over the channel surface of paper, thereby decreasing the pore size and permeability of a non-woven polypropylene sheet. As a result, fluid resistance is increased in the pressed region and causes flow rate to decrease. We characterize the decrease of flow rate with respect to different amounts of pressure applied, and up to 740% decrease in flow velocity was achieved. In addition, we demonstrate flow rate control in a Y-shaped merging paper and sequential delivery of multiple color dyes in a three-branched paper. Furthermore, sequential delivery of multiple fluid samples is performed to demonstrate its application in multi-step colorimetric immunoassay, which shows a 4.3-fold signal increase via enhancement step. 相似文献
This paper uses the concept of stories of peoplehood to examine how the Singapore government has constructed a story of harmony and to consider how this story has influenced two important school subjects focused on civic education: Social Studies and Character and Citizenship Education. Stories of peoplehood, including constitutive, economic and political power stories, play a central role in the political project of people-making which involves defining the nature of membership in a political community and promoting a collective political identity. This study provides an alternative way of conceptualizing the goals and curriculum content of civic education and it also offers an example of how a nation state with a strong Confucian tradition has chosen to address the educational goal of living together through the promotion of values such as social cohesion and community relationships within a story of harmony. The study also shows how Singapore political leaders construct a narrow and limited discourse of harmony within the curricula and use it to legitimize policies that privilege particular groups, limit political freedoms, marginalize groups with less power or status, and circumscribe the kinds of actions a citizen can legitimately take. 相似文献
