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21.
The objective was to determine whether rats could learn to time a 48-h interval. Rats (n = 6) were continuously housed in operant chambers in constant darkness. The feeding cycle consisted of unlimited access to
food for 6 h, followed by 42 h without access to food (i.e., meals were available on alternate days, contingent on breaking
a photobeam in the food trough). Head entries into the trough increased as a function of time prior to the meal; this increase
was higher, relative to the increase that occurred at the same time of day on alternate (i.e., nonfood) days. These data suggest
that rats discriminated alternate days. Next, two meals were omitted to dissociate mechanisms of a self-sustained endogenous
rhythm, interval timing, and alternation. Response rate increased periodically every 24 h, which suggests that the rats anticipated
alternate days by discriminating the status of the previous day as a meal or a nonmeal day. 相似文献
22.
The purpose of this study was to determine the components of working memory (WM) that underlie less skilled readers' comprehension and word recognition difficulties. Performance of 3 less skilled reading subgroups---children with reading disabilities (RD) in both word recognition and comprehension; children with comprehension deficits only; and children with low verbal IQ, word recognition, and comprehension (poor readers)--was compared to that of skilled readers on WM, short-term memory (STM), processing speed, executive, and phonological processing measures. Ability group comparisons showed that (a) skilled readers outperformed all less skilled readers on measures of WM, updating, and processing speed; (b) children with comprehension deficits only outperformed children with RD on measures of WM, STM, phonological processing, and processing speed; and (c) children with RD outperformed poor readers on WM and phonological processing measures. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that (a) subgroup differences on WM tasks among less skilled readers were moderated by a storage system not specific to phonological skills, and (b) STM and updating contributed significant variance to WM beyond what was contributed by reading group classification. The latter finding suggested that some differences in storage and executive processing emerged between skilled and less skilled readers that were not specific to reading. 相似文献
23.
Psychometric models based on structural equation modeling framework are commonly used in many multiple-choice test settings to assess measurement invariance of test items across examinee subpopulations. The premise of the current article is that they may also be useful in the context of performance assessment tests to test measurement invariance of raters. The modeling approach and how it can be used for performance tests with less than optimal rater designs are illustrated using a data set from a performance test designed to measure medical students’ patient management skills. The results suggest that group-specific rater statistics can help spot differences in rater performance that might be due to rater bias, identify specific weaknesses and strengths of individual raters, and enhance decisions related to future task development, rater training, and test scoring processes. 相似文献
24.
Crystal M. Ramsay Destiny D. Aman Barton K. Pursel 《Education and Information Technologies》2014,19(2):425-440
As university faculty are increasingly called upon to ‘do more with less,’ particularly to teach more students with fewer resources, technology can provide viable solutions to pedagogical dilemmas. Faculty developers are frequently tasked with introducing faculty to or coaching them in the use of technological solutions. With respect to blogs, the typical show-and-tell approach to technology awareness that our faculty development center uses seemed inadequate, given the complexity of blog design, implementation, and maintenance. Instead, we found the best way to instruct university faculty in the use of blogs is to give them an opportunity to participate in a blogging community as part of a Course in College Teaching (CCT). We experimented with two different approaches in two different sections of our CCT. This paper reports on the current blogging culture in higher education, describes our specific context for utilizing blogs, shares implementation decisions and learning affordances, and forwards a set of ‘lessons learned.’ 相似文献
25.
Recent evidence indicates that bicultural individuals shift between interpretive frames rooted in different cultures in response to cues encountered in a given situation. The explanation for these shifts has been labeled cultural frame switching. The current research sought to investigate the effect of priming culture among Mexican Americans. Culture was primed by exposing either Mexican or American icons to Mexican Americans prior to the individuals completing an attribution task followed by completing questionnaires assessing emotion. Results revealed that participants primed with American icons reported fewer external attributions and less positive emotion than did participants primed with Mexican icons. 相似文献
26.
Brian Hand Olivia Eun-mi Yang Crystal Bruxvoort 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2007,5(1):125-143
This study researched the use of writing-to-learn strategies within a high-school (Year 11) chemistry classroom. The writing
task itself asked the students to write a business letter to a younger audience of middle-school (Year 7) students. A mixed-method
design was used for the study, incorporating pre/post- testing with semi-structured interviews. The evidence supports that
the treatment students performed statistically significantly better on a conceptual question compared to the control group.
Additionally, the treatment students felt that writing to a younger audience prompted them to use different language than
they would have if, for example, writing to their teacher. Further, the treatment students described that the writing task
promoted their understanding of and their confidence in their knowledge of the stoichiometry concepts addressed in class. 相似文献
27.
Learning & Behavior - Black-capped chickadees (Parus atricapillus), a food-storing bird, were presented with three-item lists of unique spatial configurations. Each item consisted of one baited... 相似文献
28.
Alison Cook-Sather Crystal Des-Ogugua Melanie Bahti 《Teaching in Higher Education》2018,23(3):374-389
This article describes a multistep intervention developed for an undergraduate course called ‘Advocating Diversity in Higher Education.’ The goal of the intervention was to affirm diversity and foster a sense of inclusion among students within and beyond the course. We contextualize the intervention in student protests during 2015 and 2016 regarding racial and other forms of discrimination on college and university campuses in the United States, and we describe how it is informed by several theoretical frames and associated practices: intersectionality, belonging, and radical pedagogical partnership. Co-authored by the faculty member who co-designed and co-taught the course, an undergraduate student who co-designed the course, and a recent graduate who co-created the course when she took it, the article embodies the inclusion and radical partnership it analyzes. It is intended to offer individuals working in higher education an intervention that can be adapted across contexts. 相似文献
29.
In July 2001, the National Institute of Mental Health sponsored a workshop titled “Data Archiving for Animal Cognition Research.” Participants included scientists as well as experts in archiving, publishing, policy, and law. As is described in this report, the workshop resulted in a set of conclusions and recommendations concerning (A) the impact of data archiving on research, (B) how to incorporate data archiving into research practice, (C) contents of data archives, (D) technical and archival standards, and (E) organizational, financing, and policy issues. The animal cognition research community is encouraged to begin now to establish archives, deposit data and related materials, and make use of archived materials in new scientific projects. 相似文献
30.
Crystal Fulton 《Library & information science research》2019,41(2):151-157
While information science researchers have for some time examined sharing, non-sharing behaviours have received less attention. This study explored the role and impact of secretive information behaviours in the context of gambling activities and social interactions around harmful gambling. The study followed a qualitative approach, involving in-depth interviews with recovering gamblers and gamblers' families and friends in Ireland. Findings revealed that secretive information behaviours, such as self-concealment, were characteristic of gamblers' and their families' experiences of gambling harm. While self-concealing information behaviours facilitated the gambler's secret participation in gambling, the negative financial and social outcomes had a further serious impact on family members and their coping strategies. Understanding how and why people adopt secretive information behaviours can facilitate positive navigation of information in risky and stressful circumstances. Findings offer a more holistic view of information use, sharing, and decision making, by including negative as well as positive information outcomes in modeling of information behaviour. 相似文献