EPA glossaries: The struggle to define environmental terms     

Dale Alexander Stirling 《Government Information Quarterly》2007

As the nation's principal environmental agency, the EPA is responsible for conveying a wide array of information to the American public. The agency utilizes glossaries, lexicons, dictionaries, and thesauri to define environmental terms, regulations, scientific concepts, and issues. However, the approach taken to defining environmental terms is challenging and there is often more than one definition for the same term. This article examines how the EPA defines environmental terms and how it can be difficult to choose the most appropriate definition or environmental term.  相似文献   

Jack London: An American Dilemma     

Dale H. Ross 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》1982,5(4):57-62

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Some conclusions concerning impaired motor development among reading disability cases     

N. Dale Bryant 《Annals of dyslexia》1964,14(1):16-17

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R. S. Peters' Concept of Character and the Criterion of Consistency for Actions     

Dale Kennedy 《Educational theory》1975,25(1):54-64

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Teaching Aids for Laboratory Courses in Electrical Circuits and Electronics     

Rummer  Dale 《Education, IRE Transactions on》1958,1(2):46-51

As more and more material becomes relevant for laboratory work in the undergraduate curriculum in electrical engineering, it becomes increasingly important to find more efficient systems for setting up the equipment for laboratory experiments. Any such system should result in a neat, easily followed arrangement when assembled, should be flexible with respect to the experiments which can be performed, and should not result in stereotyped experiments. This paper describes a system which has been evolved utilizing chassis upon which are mounted an array of banana jacks on three-quarter inch centers. Many different circuits can be assembled easily and quickly by plugging in components which are mounted on double banana plugs. Different chassis are arranged for different circuits such as a dual triode, single pentode, and push-pull power amplifier.  相似文献   

An Application of the “Bug-in-the-Ear” Communication System for Training Psychometrists     

Dale D. Baum  Jeffrey R. Lane 《Counselor Education & Supervision》1976,15(4):309-310

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A leadership workshop on elementary school science: An in-depth evaluation     

Dale G. Merkle 《科学教学研究杂志》1970,7(2):121-133

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Augmenting Naive Bayes Classifiers with Statistical Language Models     

Fuchun Peng  Dale Schuurmans  Shaojun Wang 《Information Retrieval》2004,7(3-4):317-345

We augment naive Bayes models with statistical n-gram language models to address short-comings of the standard naive Bayes text classifier. The result is a generalized naive Bayes classifier which allows for a local Markov dependence among observations; a model we refer to as the C hain A ugmented N aive Bayes (CAN) Bayes classifier. CAN models have two advantages over standard naive Bayes classifiers. First, they relax some of the independence assumptions of naive Bayes—allowing a local Markov chain dependence in the observed variables—while still permitting efficient inference and learning. Second, they permit straightforward application of sophisticated smoothing techniques from statistical language modeling, which allows one to obtain better parameter estimates than the standard Laplace smoothing used in naive Bayes classification. In this paper, we introduce CAN models and apply them to various text classification problems. To demonstrate the language independent and task independent nature of these classifiers, we present experimental results on several text classification problems—authorship attribution, text genre classification, and topic detection—in several languages—Greek, English, Japanese and Chinese. We then systematically study the key factors in the CAN model that can influence the classification performance, and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the model.  相似文献   

The incidence and nature of letter orientation errors in reading disability     

Terepocki M  Kruk RS  Willows DM 《Journal of learning disabilities》2002,35(3):214-233

Letter orientation confusions (reversals) in the reading and writing of 10-year-old children with and without reading disability were investigated to determine whether reading disability is associated with letter orientation errors and to identify the nature of the errors. In a variety of tasks measuring letter orientation confusions in reception (reversal detection and recognition) and production (controlled writing, copying), individuals with reading disability made more orientation confusions than average readers. Orientation errors were more frequent for reversible than for nonreversible items in tasks involving long-term memory processes. The results did not appear to be related to group differences in attention or speed of motor responding. Possible sources of orientation confusions, including deficient magnocellular system processing, mislabeling, and overreliance on visual strategies, are discussed.  相似文献   

Preschool Verbal and Nonverbal Ability Mediate the Association Between Socioeconomic Status and School Performance     

Sophie von Stumm  Kaili Rimfeld  Philip S. Dale  Robert Plomin 《Child development》2020,91(3):705-714

We compared the extent to which the long-term influence of family socioeconomic status (SES) on children's school performance from age 7 through 16 years was mediated by their preschool verbal and nonverbal ability. In 661 British children, who completed 17 researcher-administered ability tests at age 4.5 years, SES correlated more strongly with verbal than nonverbal ability (.39 vs. .26). Verbal ability mediated about half of the association between SES and school performance at age 7, while nonverbal ability accounted for a third of the link. Only SES, but not verbal or nonverbal ability, was associated with changes in school performance from age 7 to 16. We found that SES-related differences in school performance are only partly transmitted through children's preschool verbal abilities.  相似文献