Sport education and extracurricular sport participation: an examination using the trans-contextual model of motivation     

Wallhead TL  Hagger M  Smith DT 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2010,81(4):442-455

In this study, we used the trans-contextual model of motivation (TCM) to examine the effect of Sport Education (SE) on students' participation in a voluntary lunch recess sport club. A total of 192 participants (ages 9-14 years) completed measures of the TCM constructs before and after a 12-week SE intervention period. Participants had the opportunity to participate in weekly, voluntary lunch recess sport club sessions during the intervention period. SE elicited a moderate increase in autonomous motives in physical education. The TCM accounted for a significant proportion of the explained variance in lunch recess sport club intention and participation. Autonomy-supportive curricular models, such as SE, may have the potential to facilitate transfer of motivation and participation in physical activity from a physical education to an extracurricular context.  相似文献   

Artificial intelligence and knowledge management: questioning the tacit dimension     

Louis Sanzogni  Gustavo Guzman  Peter Busch 《普罗米修斯》2017,35(1):37-56

Knowledge management (KM) has matured to the point that many organisations either believe they have such practices in place or at least understand they are relevant to the knowledge work commonly undertaken in many industries. What is lacking from the literature, however, is a solid foundation for the philosophies underpinning KM and particularly for how tacit knowledge informs the KM space. Research over decades shows tacit knowledge underpins all other forms of knowledge, enabling the interpretation and judicious application of knowledge, leading (at its highest levels) to the concept of wisdom. As an academic discipline, artificial intelligence (AI) was established before KM, has been grounded in the computing discipline for many decades, and is applied broadly in many domains. This paper explores how AI can inform the KM debate. Rather than simply provide examples of AI success stories as applied to KM in practice, it explores the theoretical and practical limitations of AI and KM in unison, providing at the same time a strong epistemological understanding of both disciplines as a means of furthering the knowledge debate, with particular emphasis on the role of tacit knowledge within this jurisdiction.  相似文献   

TEACHERS’ MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT THE EFFECTS OF ADDITION OF MORE REACTANTS OR PRODUCTS ON CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM     

Derek Cheung  Hong-jia Ma  Jie Yang 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2009,7(6):1111-1133

The importance of research on misconceptions about chemical equilibrium is well recognized by educators, but in the past, researchers’ interest has centered on student misconceptions and has neglected teacher misconceptions. Focusing on the effects of adding more reactants or products on chemical equilibrium, this article discusses the various misconceptions held by high school teachers. A misconception test was administered to two samples of chemistry teachers in Nanjing, China. Of the 109 teachers who participated in the test, only one understood that adding more CS₂ gas to the equilibrium system CS₂(g) + 4H₂(g) ⇌ CH₄(g) + 2H₂S(g) at constant pressure and temperature can shift the equilibrium to the reactant or product side, depending upon the amount of CS₂ in the initial equilibrium system. Most of the teachers relied on Le Chatelier’s principle and thus made erroneous predictions. The misconception test also revealed that those teachers who managed to compute equilibrium constants had a limited conceptual understanding of chemical equilibrium. Implications of these findings for teacher education and chemistry curriculum development are discussed.  相似文献   

Qualitative Differences Between Learning Environments Using Videos in Small Groups and Whole Class Discussions: A Preliminary Study in Physics     

Ashleigh Mayo  Manjula D. Sharma  Derek A. Muller 《Research in Science Education》2009,39(4):477-493

Interactivity, group learning and student engagement are accepted as key features of social constructivist learning theories. The challenge is to understand the interplay between such features in different learning environments. This study focused on the qualitative differences between two interventions—small-groups and whole-class discussions. In both interventions, three short video slices on the abstract topic ‘the physics of superconductivity’ were interspersed with the different discussion styles. The video slices are based on the Bruner stages. Twenty-nine first year university physics students completed a pre-test, underwent the intervention and completed a post-test. The remainder of the data were collected from student drawings, video recordings, observer notes and facilitator feedback. Results indicate that the use of the video slices in both interventions were successful in changing students’ understandings of superconductivity. However, the small groups treatment tended to facilitate questioning, meaning-making and subsequent changes of ideas more so than the whole class discussions. Implications for research and practice are discussed.  相似文献   

Frontal Electroencephalogram Asymmetry, Salivary Cortisol, and Internalizing Behavior Problems in Young Adults Who Were Born at Extremely Low Birth Weight     

Louis A. Schmidt  Vladimir Miskovic  Michael Boyle  Saroj Saigal 《Child development》2010,81(1):183-199

The authors examined internalizing behavior problems at middle childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood and brain-based measures of stress vulnerability in 154 right-handed, nonimpaired young adults ( M age = 23 years): 71 (30 males, 41 females) born at extremely low birth weight (ELBW; < 1,000 g) and 83 (35 males, 48 females) controls born at normal birth weight (NBW). Internalizing behavior problems increased from adolescence to young adulthood among ELBW individuals. ELBW adults exhibited greater relative right frontal electroencephalogram activity at rest and more concurrent internalizing behavior problems than NBW controls. Being born at ELBW may have subtle influences on brain–behavior relations even in survivors without major impairments and evidence of these influences may not emerge until young adulthood.  相似文献   

N’Deup and Mental Health: Implications for Treating Senegalese Immigrants in the US     

William Louis Conwill 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2010,32(3):202-213

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Futsal task constraints promote transfer of passing skill to soccer task constraints     

Luca Oppici  Derek Panchuk  Fabio Rubens Serpiello  Damian Farrow 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(7):947-954

This study investigated how learning a passing skill with futsal or soccer task constraints influenced transfer to a new task. Futsal (n?=?24, 13.6?±?1.2 years old, 7.0?±?1.6 years of experience) and soccer (n?=?24, 13.6?±?1.2 years old, 6.8?±?1.2 years of experience) players performed two 5v5?+?goalkeeper modified games – a futsal-like task (small playing area with the futsal ball) and soccer-like task (large playing area with the soccer ball). Participants’ passing accuracy and their orientation of attention were assessed during the two tasks. The futsal group improved their passing accuracy (ES?=?0.75?±?0.61) from the futsal-like to the soccer-like task, and they were more accurate than soccer players (ES?=?2.98?±?2.96). Conversely, the soccer group’s passing accuracy remained stable across the two tasks (ES?=?0.10?±?0.52) and it was similar to the futsal group in the futsal-like task (ES?=?0.58?±?1.93). This indicates a higher magnitude of transfer (and adaptability) from performing passes in a small playing area with short time to act – futsal task constraints – to a larger playing area with longer time – soccer task constraints – than vice-versa. Furthermore, the futsal group showed a higher adaptation of attention orientation to the affordances that emerged with the soccer task constraints, which is suggested to be one of the main mechanisms promoting skill transfer. These results encourage soccer practitioners to introduce futsal task constraints to fast-track players’ ability to functionally adapt perception–action coupling.  相似文献   

“不是没有X”和“not without X”语义分析     

CHI Derek Asaba 《文学教育(上)》2018,(4)

双重否定是语言研究的一个重要范畴。双重否定是一种特殊的语法手段,是人们在否定的基础上通过二次否定的形式表达肯定的意思。在形式上,双重否定具有两个否定成分,但是在意义上却是肯定意义。不同语言表达双重否定的方式不一样。"不是没有X"和"not without X"是汉语和英语中的双重否定结构。这两个结构属于显性双重否定表达。本文通过对比以上两个结构的语义特点,分析这两者之间的共性及差异。  相似文献   

A new dynamic 3D virtual methodology for teaching the mechanics of atrial septation as seen in the human heart     

Jean‐Marc Schleich  Jean‐Louis Dillenseger  Lucile Houyel  Claude Almange  Robert H. Anderson 《Anatomical sciences education》2009,2(2):69-77

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Toxic effects of Litsea elliptica Blume essential oil on red blood cells of Sprague-Dawley rats     

Izatus Shima Taib  Siti Balkis Budin  Seri Maseran Siti Nor Ain  Jamaludin Mohamed  Santhana Raj Louis  Srijit Das  Sulaiman Sallehudin  Nor Fadilah Rajab  Othman Hidayatulfathi 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2009,10(11):813-819

Litsea elliptica Blume leaves have been traditionally used as medicinal herbs because of its antimutagenicity, che-mopreventative and insecticidal properties. In this study, the toxic effects of L. elliptica essential oil against Sprague-Dawley rat's red blood cells (RBCs) were evaluated. L. elliptica essential oil was given by oral gavage 5 times per week for 3 treated groups in the doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg/(kg body weight), respectively, and the control group received distilled water. Full blood count, RBC osmotic fragility, RBC morphological changes, and RBC membrane lipid were analyzed 28 d after the treatment. Although L. elliptica essential oil administration had significantly different effects on hemoglobin (Hb), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean cell volume (MCV), and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) in the experimental groups as compared to the control group (P<0.05), the values were still within the normal range. L. elliptica induced morphological changes of RBC into the form of echinoeyte. The percentage of echinocyte increased significantly among the treated groups in a dose-response manner (P<0.001). The concentrations of RBC membrane phospholipids and cholesterol of all treated groups were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.001). However, the RBC membrane osmotic fragility and total proteins of RBC membrane findings did not differ significantly between control and treated groups (P>0.05). It is concluded that structural changes in the RBC membrane due to L. elliptica essential oil administration did not cause severe membrane damage.  相似文献