Do Belonging and Social Exclusion at School Affect Structural Brain Development During Adolescence?     

Diana Raufelder  Nicola Neumann  Martin Domin  Robert C. Lorenz  Tobias Gleich  Sabrina Golde  Lydia Romund  Anne Beck  Frances Hoferichter 《Child development》2021,92(6):2213-2223

Students’ sense of belonging presents an essential resource for academic and health outcomes, whereas social exclusion at school negatively impacts students’ well-being and academic performance. Aiming to understand how feelings of school-related belonging and exclusion shape the structural brain development, this study applied longitudinal questionnaire-based data and MRI data from 71 adolescent students (37 females, M_age at t1 = 15.0; t2 = 16.1 years). All were white participants from Germany. Voxel-based morphometry revealed only an association of social exclusion (and not of belonging) and gray matter volume in the left anterior insula: From t1 to t2, there was less gray matter decrease, the more social exclusion students perceived. School-related social exclusion and disturbed neurodevelopment are thus significantly associated.  相似文献   

A schematic–Theoretic view of problem solving and development of algebraic thinking     

Diana F. Steele  Debra I. Johanning 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2004,57(1):65-90

This study explored the problem-solving schemas developed by 7th-grade pre-algebra students as they participated in a teaching experiment that was designed to help students develop effective schemas for solving algebraic problem situations involving contexts of (1) growth and change and (2) size and shape. This article describes the qualities and types of schemas that students developed through examples of problems used to develop schemas, examples of students' reasoning and writing, and excerpts from student interviews. Findings from the study indicated that there is a link between the type of generalizations students construct and the schemas they are forming. By using these schemas students recognize, extend, and generalize patterns and quantitative relationships both verbally and symbolically. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Effects of Spatial Scale on Cognitive Play in Preschool Children     

Alton J. De Long  Deborah W. Tegano  James D. Moran III  Janis Brickey  Diana Morrow  Thomas L. Houser 《Early education and development》1994,5(3):237-246

This study examines the effects of a scale-reduced play environment on temporal aspects of play behavior. Specifically, it examines the amount of time required to enter complex forms of play, the length of play segments, and the percentage of total play time spent in complex play under normal environmental conditions (full-size, control) and under scale-reduced environmental conditions (experimental). Eleven subjects (mean age of 4 years 2 months) were observed during unstructured play activity with playdough in a small-n, A-B-A-B design. Subjects served as their own controls and were self-motivated relative to the activity. The play structure (scale-reduced environment) consisted of a screened wooden frame 7' (L) x 5' (W) x 5' (H) over a vinyl floor. Results indicate subjects enter complex forms of play more quickly, engage in play segments of longer duration and tend to spend a slightly greater percentage of their overall play time in complex play under experimental conditions, as hypothesized. This study suggests attention span and information processing may be affected by the scale of the play environment. : -.  相似文献   

Experiential Learning through Community Co‐design in Interior Design Pedagogy     

Diana Thamrin  Laksmi Kusuma Wardani  Ronald Hasudungan Irianto Sitindjak  Listia Natadjaja 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2019,38(2):461-477

The profit‐driven tendency of interior design trends and styles today has developed in line with the decrease of social awareness in design. The majority of interior design students also decide to pursue interior design education for its marketable and profitable purposes rather than seeing interior design as a field of opportunity to contribute to the social welfare of their communities. Hence, the objective of this research is to implement community service through co‐design in interior design pedagogy. The article describes the learning and design methods used based on human‐centred design approaches of co‐design and analyses the resulting benefits from this approach. Findings reveal that the process of collective creativity and collaborative development with the community enables a direct experience of learning and fosters a deeper connection and understanding of users. They also promote novel multidisciplinary design innovations, accommodate the community's potentials in the society and stimulate a reflexive impact, allowing students to reflect on their future role as interior designers in bringing positive changes to their community against the profit‐driven tendency of contemporary designers today.  相似文献   

Linking a conceptual framework on systems thinking with experiential knowledge     

Diana Garavito-Bermúdez  Cecilia Lundholm  Beatrice Crona 《Environmental Education Research》2016,22(1):89-110

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Studying abroad: developing a model for the decision process of international students     

Diana Branco Oliveira 《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2016,38(2):126-139

Attracting international students is increasingly important for higher education institutions. In order to contribute to the understanding of how international students choose a university, we conducted a qualitative study in a public university in the north of Portugal. Results show that students seek an international experience mainly for personal, academic and professional development reasons, relying on personal contacts as information sources and support groups. Academic reputation and quality are the most important attraction factors. We develop a theoretical model of the studying abroad decision process, including the main motivations to leave the country of origin, the information sources and the decision factors.  相似文献   

The prevalence and seriousness of incestuous abuse: Stepfathers vs. biological fathers     

Diana E.H. Russell 《Child abuse & neglect》1984,8(1):15-22

Analysis of interviews obtained from a random sample of 930 adult women in San Francisco revealed that 17% or one out of approximately every six women who had a stepfather as a principal figure in her childhood years, was sexually abused by him. The comparable figures for biological fathers were 2% or one out of approximately 40 women. In addition, when a distinction was made between Very Serious Sexual Abuse (including experiences ranging from forced penile-vaginal penetration to non-forceful attempted fellatio, cunnilingus, and anal intercourse) and other less serious forms, 47% of the cases of sexual abuse by stepfathers were at the Very Serious level of violation compared with 26% by biological fathers. Possible explanations for these startling discrepancies are discussed, and some of the implications for remarriage are considered.  相似文献   

Mathematical tasks designed to foster a reconceptualized view of early arithmetic     

Erna Yackel  Diana Underwood  Norma Elias 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2007,10(4-6):351-367

We discuss mathematical tasks used in a first mathematics content course for elementary teachers at our university to foster a deep conceptual understanding of early arithmetic, including basic concepts of number, number relationships and strategies, and coordinating units of different rank. Our approach is to immerse our students in a base 8 world for up to six weeks. A key aspect is that we develop base 8 vocabulary. We use base 8 analogs of instructional sequences developed in classroom teaching experiments in the elementary grades that have been proven successful to promote deep conceptual understandings of basic arithmetic and place-value numeration in young children. As a result, our students have unique opportunities to develop a reconceptualized view of early arithmetic and learn how it can be advanced.  相似文献   

Air Toxics Under the Big Sky: examining the effectiveness of authentic scientific research on high school students’ science skills and interest     

Tony J. Ward  Naomi Delaloye  Earle Raymond Adams  Desirae Ware  Diana Vanek  Randy Knuth 《International Journal of Science Education》2016,38(6):905-921

Air Toxics Under the Big Sky is an environmental science outreach/education program that incorporates the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) 8 Practices with the goal of promoting knowledge and understanding of authentic scientific research in high school classrooms through air quality research. This research explored: (1) how the program affects student understanding of scientific inquiry and research and (2) how the open-inquiry learning opportunities provided by the program increase student interest in science as a career path. Treatment students received instruction related to air pollution (airborne particulate matter), associated health concerns, and training on how to operate air quality testing equipment. They then participated in a yearlong scientific research project in which they developed and tested hypotheses through research of their own design regarding the sources and concentrations of air pollution in their homes and communities. Results from an external evaluation revealed that treatment students developed a deeper understanding of scientific research than did comparison students, as measured by their ability to generate good hypotheses and research designs, and equally expressed an increased interest in pursuing a career in science. These results emphasize the value of and need for authentic science learning opportunities in the modern science classroom.  相似文献   

Degree performance as a function of discipline studied,parental occupation and gender     

Diana Eugenie Kornbrot 《Higher Education》1987,16(5):513-534

Degree performance in England and Wales was investigated as a function of social class and gender for several disciplines of study. Three performance criteria were considered: FIRST class; GOOD, and COMPETENT. The findings are complex, and some of them conflict with widely held class and gender stereotypes. Women performed better than men at the FIRST class and/or GOOD criteria, in all professional disciplines and in biological sciences. At the FIRST and GOOD criteria women performed best relative to men in biological content areas, next best in physical and mathematical content areas and worst in humanities content areas. A similar ordering of content areas was obtained when comparing students of lower class origins with those of upper and middle class origins. At the COMPETENT criterion, women performed better than men; and students of lower social class origins performed better than students of upper and middle social class origins. There was a trend, particularly marked in the humanities, for women to perform less well at the FIRST class criterion than would have been predicted by their achievements at the GOOD criterion. The implications of these patterns for theories of group differences in excellent academic performance and for educational policy are discussed.  相似文献