Neuromuscular variables affecting the magnitude of force loss after eccentric exercise     

Sayers SP  Knight CA  Clarkson PM 《Journal of sports sciences》2003,21(5):403-410

The aim of this study was to examine neuromuscular variables contributing to differences in force loss after participants were exposed to the same relative bout of eccentric exercise. Thirty-six males performed 50 maximal eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors and were stratified into high responders (n = 10) and low responders (n = 10) based on force loss 36 h after exercise. Maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVCs) and electromyography (EMG) were measured at baseline and 36 h after exercise. During eccentric exercise, mean peak torque, mean end-range torque from the final 25% of each trial and total angular impulse were computed over 25 contractions in each of two bouts. The slope of the change in these values for each 25 eccentric contractions was calculated for each participant using linear regression. At baseline, MVC was not different between groups (low responders: 97.0 +/- 9.6 N x m; high responders: 82.7 +/- 6.4 N x m; P = 0.08). High responders demonstrated a 68% (range 62-78%) reduction in MVC and low responders a 39% (29-48%) reduction after exercise. Peak torque, end-range torque and total angular impulse were 13%, 40% and 33% higher, respectively, in the low than in the high responders (peak torque: P = 0.0002; end-range torque: P < 0.0001; total angular impulse: P < 0.001). The rate of decline in peak torque slope was greater in high than in low responders (P = 0.044). In conclusion, lower peak torque, end-range torque and total angular impulse during eccentric contractions and a greater peak torque slope may identify high responders to eccentric exercise.  相似文献   

Colour-based rigid body tracking using three-dimensional graphics models     

Grant?TrewarthaEmail author  Maurice?R.?YeadonEmail author  Jon?P.?Knight 《Sports Engineering》2003,6(3):139-148

This paper introduces the first stage of a new model-based approach to three-dimensional (3D) human movement tracking. A ‘generate-and-test’ matching procedure was adopted by matching rendered images of a 3D computer graphics model of the human body to target images of rigid body motion. The set of pixels to be compared were just those corresponding to the model of the body in the rendered images. The matching criterion to optimize model position and orientation was based on the minimisation of the RGB (red-green-blue) colour difference between generated model images and associated target images. The method was able to track synthetic image sequences of a half twisting somersault accurately with root-mean-square (rms) errors of less than 5 mm and 0.3∘ for position and orientation estimates respectively. The suitability of the proposed approach for rigid body motion tracking was supported by additional tracking experiments on video image sequences of ‘wooden cross’ trajectories. Comparisons of tracked estimates against manual digitizing estimates returned relatively small rms difference values on both side somersault and twisting somersault movements. The proposed approach has the potential to track video images of a human torso using a rigid body model and hence to track articulated movements by successively adding segments to the model in a hierarchical manner.  相似文献   

Children and stress: Sources,reactions, and interventions     

Diane Shrier 《Early Childhood Education Journal》1984,11(4):10-13

Stress in childhood is universal, an inevitable part of life. No child reaches adolescence without having to cope with the normal developmental and environmental stresses of weaning, toilet training, entry into school, and the inevitable increasing demands for self-control and responsibility.Diane Shrier is clinical associate professor and director of child and adolescent psychiatry at the New Jersey Medical School in Newark.  相似文献   

New technology and documents librarianship: Proceedings of the third annual library government documents and information conference: Edited by Peter Hernon Westport,CT: Meckler publishing, 1983, 107 pages, $35.00. ISBN 0-930466-64-0. LC 83-896     

Diane Smith 《Government Information Quarterly》1984,1(2):230-231

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Leading them to books—For life     

Diane P. Tuccillo 《Publishing Research Quarterly》1992,8(1):14-22

Promoting lifelong reading, learning, and library use is a goal of most youth-serving librarians. The Young Adult Services Department of the Mesa, Arizona, Public Library is finding that more teens are entering adulthood each year as library users and supporters, and they are bringing their children to the library, too. This article shares a YA librarian's perspectives on how to provide successful reader advisory for teens and how to get young adults to read on their own, building the foundation of a lifelong interest in reading, an interest passed from generation to generation. Building this foundation depends on dedicated, well-trained specialists in YA library service, the publication of well-written and attractive books for teens, school and public library administrative support. Diane P. Tuccillo has been head of the Young Adults Services Adult Services Department at the Mesa (Arizona) Public Library since 1980. She has had articles published in a variety of professional journals includingEmergency Librarian, Voice of Young Advocates (VOYA), andThe ALAN Review, and is a regular book reviewer forVOYA, Kliatt Young Adult Paperback Book Guide, andSchool Library Journal.  相似文献   

GENDER BIAS: ANALYSIS OF FACTORS CAUSING MALE UNDERREPRESENTATION IN SURVEYS     

Rourke  Diane O'; Lakner  Edward 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》1989,1(2):164-176

Using data from a 1987 telephone survey of over 1,000 Illinoisadult residents, this research looked into factors causing maleunder-representation in surveys using the last-birthday methodof respondent selection. Differences by sex in rates of refusaland non-contact (after respondent selection) were evaluatedfor relative contribution to gender bias. Accuracy of informant'sresponse to the birthday question was gauged by checking againstbirth dates of adults rostered during the interview. Other factors,such as the proportion of informants who do not know the lastbirthday, or who misreport from a desire to be the one interviewed(or not interviewed), were evaluated for relative effect onsample representation of males and females.  相似文献   

Renewing the Debate Over the Use of Standardized Testing in the Evaluation of Learning and Teaching     

François R. Casas  Diane E. Meaghan 《Interchange》2001,32(2):147-181

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Patient information collections in general practice     

Lois Collings  Sally Knight 《Health information and libraries journal》1990,7(3):166-168

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New Ways of Reading Old Texts     

Douglas Tallack  Diana Knight  Bernard McGuirk  Steve Giles 《English in Education》1986,20(2):13-21

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Structural models of antisocial behavior and during‐treatment performance for probationers in a substance abuse treatment program     

Kirk M. Broome  Kevin Knight  George W. Joe  D. Dwayne Simpson  David Cross 《Structural equation modeling》2013,20(1):37-51

Prior research has linked substance abuse and antisocial behavior. This study uses structural models to examine developmental stages of antisocial behavior and their relation to during‐treatment performance of probationers in a 4‐month inpatient program. Separate childhood and adulthood antisocial functioning components were identified, and each predicted during‐treatment psychological functioning and program perceptions. Specifically, adulthood hostility predicted psychological functioning, and adulthood risk‐taking predicted program perceptions; the effect of childhood antisocial behavior was completely mediated by adulthood functioning.  相似文献