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Conclusion The purpose of this paper is not to denigrate pencil-and-paper tests of intellectual capabilities. The Understanding in Science
Test, if it were not for its reliability problems, may be a useful test of intellectual processing. It appears not to be a
successful analogue to clinically-administered Piagetian tasks.
The same may be said of the other written or group tests of this nature. If they are reliable, they may provide useful measures
of intellectual ability. Our research, though, suggests that, for junior high school students and younger, they may not possess
high concurrent validity with Piagetian tasks. 相似文献
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Environmental and Genetic Variance in Children's Observed and Reported Maladaptive Behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Leslie D. Leve Allen A. Winebarger Beverly I. Fagot John B. Reid H. Hill Goldsmith 《Child development》1998,69(5):1286-1298
The genetic and environmental contributions to children's maladaptive behavior are assessed in a sample of 154 twin pairs (77 MZ twin pairs and 77 DZ twin pairs), who range in age from 6 to 11 years. To bridge the strengths of behavioral genetic methods and environmental assessment techniques, we use a multimethod, multimeasure approach to data collection, and analyze the data using behavioral genetic modeling techniques. Results indicate that genetic variation accounts for a majority of the variance in parent-reported child maladaptive behavior (average = 62%). One parent-report measure also suggests a smaller, significant contribution of shared environmental variance. In contrast to the parental ratings, the observational coding and global impressions of parent-twin interactive behavior suggest that shared environment is the primary source of variance accounting for parent and child maladaptive behavior. This is due, in part, to the direct influence one's interactive partner has on the expression of maladaptive behavior in an interactive setting. When controlling for the co-participant's behavior, genetic variation increases and shared environmental variation decreases. 相似文献
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Reflections on the Outsider Within 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Patricia Hill Collins 《Journal of Career Development》1999,26(1):85-88
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Ruth Holst Carla J. Funk Heidi Sue Adams Margaret Bandy Catherine Mary Boss Beth Hill Claire B. Joseph Rosalind K. Lett 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2009,97(4):285-292
Objectives:
The research objectives were to (1) describe the current and future roles of hospital librarians and the challenges they face and (2) find evidence supporting the hypothesis that librarians are essential to hospitals in achieving the organizations'' mission-critical goals.Method:
The authors used results from a previous research study that identified the five organizational mission-critical goals important to hospital administrators and then searched the literature and solicited examples from hospital librarians to describe the librarian''s role in helping hospitals achieve these goals.Results:
The literature supports the hypothesis that hospital librarians play important roles in the success of the hospital. Librarians support quality clinical care, efficient and effective hospital operations, continuing education for staff, research and innovation, and patient, family, and community health information needs.Conclusion:
Hospital librarians fulfill many mission-critical roles in today''s hospital, providing the right information at the right time in a variety of ways to enhance hospital and medical staff effectiveness, optimize patient care, improve patient outcomes, and increase patient and family satisfaction with the hospital and its services. Because hospital librarians and their services provide an excellent return on investment for the hospital and help the hospital keep its competitive edge, hospital staff should have access to the services of a professional librarian.Highlights
- A review of the literature supports the hypothesis that services of the professional librarian result in:
- enhanced staff effectiveness,
- optimized patient care,
- improved patient outcomes, and
- increased patient and family satisfaction with the hospital and its services.
Implications
- Because hospital librarians and their services provide an excellent return on investment for the hospital and help the hospital keep its competitive edge, hospital staff should have access to the services of a professional librarian.
69.
Empathy Is Associated With Dynamic Change in Prefrontal Brain Electrical Activity During Positive Emotion in Children 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sharee N. Light James A. Coan Carolyn Zahn-Waxler Corrina Frye H. Hill Goldsmith Richard J. Davidson 《Child development》2009,80(4):1210-1231
Empathy is the combined ability to interpret the emotional states of others and experience resultant, related emotions. The relation between prefrontal electroencephalographic asymmetry and emotion in children is well known. The association between positive emotion (assessed via parent report), empathy (measured via observation), and second-by-second brain electrical activity (recorded during a pleasurable task) was investigated using a sample of one hundred twenty-eight 6- to 10-year-old children. Contentment related to increasing left frontopolar activation ( p < .05). Empathic concern and positive empathy related to increasing right frontopolar activation ( p s < .05). A second form of positive empathy related to increasing left dorsolateral activation ( p < .05). This suggests that positive affect and (negative and positive) empathy both relate to changes in prefrontal activity during a pleasurable task. 相似文献
70.