Assessing the effects of school‐wide Second Step implementation in a predominately English language learner,low SES,Latino sample     

Jacqueline A. Brown  Shane R. Jimerson  Erin Dowdy  Victoria Gonzalez  Kaitlyn Stewart 《Psychology in the schools》2012,49(9):864-875

Because school violence is widespread, social and emotional competence must be targeted. Second Step is a social and emotional violence‐prevention curriculum that teaches prosocial skills and reduces aggressive behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Second Step implementation on students (N = 403) in preschool through fourth grade who were predominately Latino, English language learners, and from families with low socioeconomic status. The data of 165 out of the 403 students were included in the present study. Analyses consisted of paired‐samples t‐tests to identify changes in social and emotional knowledge and behavioral and emotional risk. Results showed that there was a significant increase in both social and emotional knowledge and behavioral and emotional risk following the implementation of Second Step. These results are discussed with regard to previous and future research, limitations, and implications for school practice.  相似文献   

Students’ conception of infinite series     

Rafael Martínez-Planell  Ana Carmen Gonzalez  Gladys DiCristina  Vanessa Acevedo 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2012,81(2):235-249

This is a report of a study of students’ understanding of infinite series. It has a three-fold purpose: to show that students may construct two essentially different notions of infinite series, to show that one of the constructions is particularly difficult for students, and to examine the way in which these two different constructions may be built so that we may uncover ways to help students improve their understanding. The theoretical framework consists of action–process–object–schema theory and the specific model of conceptions in Balacheff’s theory of conception, knowing, and concept. Approaching the problem from these two different theoretical perspectives allows us to provide different and at the same time complementary explanations of observed phenomena. The two different infinite series constructions are, briefly stated, series as an infinite unending process of addition and series as a sequence of partial sums. Students are found to have difficulty building an understanding of series as a sequence of partial sums and thus tend to have difficulty in problem situations that require this interpretation. The study uses semi-structured interviews with 10 graduate students. The interviews explore situations that might give insight into students’ notion of the sequence of partial sums.  相似文献   

History of education in Brazil: the construction of a knowledge field     

José Gonçalves Gondra  Carlos Eduardo Vieira  Regina Helena Silva Simões  Claudia Engler Cury 《Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education》2014,50(6):822-829

This article analyses the general characteristics of the construction of the field of history of education in Brazil. To do so, it highlights the existing historiography and aims to describe the process of institutionalisation of this knowledge field, which, in general terms, has been focused on the area of teacher training. Since the nineteenth century, however, it has also been possible to identify systematic historiographical efforts in Brazil that are not directly related to the school system, but rather to the teaching of and research into the history of education within Brazilian universities. The article addresses the organisation of the field, the ways in which it has been structured and the strategies of academic legitimisation employed to achieve this. These include the regular production of dissertations and doctoral theses, the publication of books and journals, academic events and the creation of research groups and scientific associations, through which research findings have found national and international circulation. This set of indicators creates conditions for an understanding of the expansion and reconfiguration of the field of history of education that began in the 1980s, as well as of the challenges this phenomenon presents to current historiography and teacher training in Brazil.  相似文献   

Enhancing preschool children's vocabulary: Effects of teacher talk before,during and after shared reading     

Jorge E. Gonzalez  Sharolyn Pollard-Durodola  Deborah C. Simmons  Aaron B. Taylor  Matthew J. Davis  Melissa Fogarty  Leslie Simmons 《Early childhood research quarterly》2014

This observational study analyzed patterns of teacher extratextual talk as it occurs before, during, and after reading books to children, and the frequency and duration of teacher questioning by type (label, define, associate) on preschoolers’ receptive and expressive vocabulary knowledge. Over the course of 18 weeks, 13 teachers and 100 children participated in ninety 20-min small-group sessions of teacher-guided shared reading instruction. Teachers’ reading instruction was examined through videotaped observations using the Multi-Option Observation System for Experimental Studies (MOOSES™; Tapp, Wehby, & Ellis, 1995). Two findings, in particular, yielded relevant educational and theoretical implications. First, time spent after reading was significantly related to expressive vocabulary. However, question timing did not seem to matter in terms of receptive vocabulary outcomes. Second, duration of teacher association questioning was significantly related to receptive vocabulary outcomes while both frequency and duration of teacher vocabulary-related association-level questioning were related to expressive vocabulary. For receptive vocabulary, both vocabulary- and comprehension-related association-level questioning mattered. These findings complement the body of work demonstrating that engaging children in interactive shared reading that elicits their active participation is related to meaningful gains in children's language and literacy growth. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are discussed.  相似文献   

Evaluating Continuing Resources: Perspectives and Methods from Science Librarians     

Kathryn Kennedy  Tara Tobin Cataldo  Valrie Davis  Sara Russell Gonzalez  Carrie Newsom 《期刊图书馆员》2013,64(3):428-443

Five science librarians share their experiences with the evaluation of continuing resources at an academic university and discuss implications caused by the evaluation process. Four of the authors were new to collection evaluations at the time of the Serial Evaluation Project. These new librarians faced many challenges, both personally and professionally, in dealing with the cancellation process. Although the differences in approaches to collection analysis are discussed somewhat, they are not a focus of the article.  相似文献   

The somatic marker as a “short cut” to verbal immediacy     

Mark Hickson III  Joshua Turner  Larry Powell  Eduardo Neiva  Carol T. Adams 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(4):389-398

This study examined the relationships between the somatic‐marker hypothesis, developed by Damasio (1994) as it relates to homophily and verbal immediacy in the classroom. Damasio has hypothesized that when particular events occur in one's life, there is a “memory” of that event in the brain. As a result, when a similar event occurs, the somatic marker recreates that first event. Students were provided three different scenarios about the first day of a communication class. In the scenarios, the instructor presented information about himself. One instructor provided only autobiographical, demographic data (the control). Another provided information hozu he had had difficulty with public speaking (the selfish marker). The third provided information about how the instructor had helped someone else who had difficulty in public speaking (the altruistic marker). The results indicated that while homophily differences were not significant, there was a significant difference between the control group and the altruistic marker.  相似文献   

Planning as action research     

Carmen Beatriz de Gonzalez  Teresa Hernandez  Jim Kusch 《Educational Action Research》2013,21(1):59-76

Planning contains so much more than the written plan. Early in 2000, an invitation came from the Collaborative Action Research Network (CARN), to people experienced in action research who might want to help plan and present an action research event for elementary school science teachers in Venezuela, South America, in Autumn 2000. This article analyses the outcomes from planning and enacting the resulting workshop to show how planning can be the subject of action research. It goes on to show how planning and teaching interact in a multifaceted way towards technical, practical and emancipatory ends. Planning and teaching are best seen as conversation, a conversation that is both synchronous and asynchronous.  相似文献   

Análisis del desarrollo fonológico en sujetos malagueños     

Maria Jose Gonzalez 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(48):7-24

Resumen

El presente estudio intenta analizar, desde una perspectiva psicolinguistica, el desarrollo fonológico de niños castellanoparlantes de la ciudad de Málaga, en función de variables como el sexo, el nivel sociocultural y edad de los sujetos, atendiendo, por otra parte, a la influencia de características dialectales del habla andaluza.

Tras la elaboración y administración de una prueba de screening, en condiciones de imitación, se registraron las producciones correctas y distintos procesos de simplificación del habla (sustitución, relativos a la estructura de la sílaba y asimilatorios), no encontrándose diferencias significativas con respecto al sexo, aunque sí en cuanto al nivel sociocultural y a la edad de los sujetos.

Cabe destacar que la influencia del modelo lingüístico andaluz podría enmascarar los patrones evolutivos del desarrollo fonológico infantil. Sin embargo, el hecho de que los sujetos malagueños presenten porcentajes bajos en pronunciación correcta en edades avanzadas, en algunas categorías de fonemas, es debido a la influencia de variantes dialectales, más a que presenten patrones evolutivos más tardíos en cuanto a su capacidad de representación fonológica.  相似文献   

ABRETE SESAMO: Investigación sobre TV infantil     

Eduardo Araujo 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(2):55-67

RESUMEN

En 1977 el equipo de estudios para la programación infantil de Televisión Española comenzó a trabajar en un proyecto orientado a elaborar un programa infantil dirigido a un público de 3 a 6 años de un nivel socioeconómico deprimido. Se tomó como modelo, “Sesame Street”, un programa de una cadena americana con unos objetivos pedagógicos determinados emitiéndose en este país. El trabajo que se presenta es una investigación formativa llevada a cabo para proporcionar a esta nueva serie una orientación teórico-práctica lo más acorde posible con la realidad del país.

Fue por tanto necesario realizar algunos cambios e incluir temas ausentes en el programa americano, pero considerados importantes aquí. Finalmente, se describe el esquema ideal de metas pedagógicas de este nuevo programa denominado Barrio Sésamo.  相似文献   

Diferencias evolutivas en procesamiento de textos mediante una tarea de ordenación de frases     

Eduardo Vidal-Abarca 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(61):89-106

Resumen

Este estudio presenta los resultados de una investigación en la que se describen algunas diferencias evolutivas en el procesamiento de la prosa expositiva. Treinta y cinco chicos de diferentes edades, 12 de 5.^o de E.G.B., 12 de 8.^o de E.G.B, y 11 de 3.^o B.U.P y F.P. (10, 13 y 16 años respectivamente), realizaron una tarea de ordenación de frases para formar un texto coherente. Había un total de tres textos de tipo expositivo, constando cada uno de seis oraciones. Se tomaron varias medidas en cada texto: una primera de ordenación global, otra de supraordenación, una tercera de coherencia local (conexiones entre seis pares de frases), y una última medida de errores de conexión. Los resultados confirman una clara tendencia evolutiva en todas las medidas empleadas. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados relacionándolos con otros estudios que analizan el desarrollo de estrategias de comprensión, y se comentan varias repercusiones educativas del trabajo, así como algunas cuestiones abiertas.  相似文献