Memory for recent actions in the bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): Repetition of arbitrary behaviors using an abstract rule     

Eduardo Mercado  Scott O. Murray  Robert K. Uyeyama  Adam A. Pack  Louis M. Herman 《Learning & behavior》1998,26(2):210-218

Little is known about how animals represent their own actions in working memory. We investigated whether bottlenosed dolphins could recall actions they had recently performed and reveal those recollections using an abstract rule. Two dolphins were trained to respond to a specific gestural command by repeating the last behavior performed. Both dolphins proved to be able to repeat a wide variety of behaviors on command and were able to generalize the repeating rule to novel behaviors and situations. One dolphin was able to repeat all 36 behaviors she was tested on, including behaviors involving multiple simultaneous actions and self-selected behaviors. These results suggest that dolphins can flexibly access memories of their recent actions and that these memories are of sufficient detail to allow for reenactments. The repeating task can potentially be used to investigate short-term action and event representations in a variety of species.  相似文献   

NASA-TLX for predictability and measurability of instructional design models: case study in design methods     

Nikulin  Christopher  Lopez  Gabriela  Piñonez  Eduardo  Gonzalez  Luis  Zapata  Pia 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2019,67(2):467-493

Educational technology research and development - Innovation projects has established as an emerging field of research, a number of issues have emerged; among the others, measurability and...  相似文献   

A shorter set reduces the loss of cardiac autonomic and baroreflex control after resistance exercise     

Xián Mayo  Eduardo Carballeira-Fernández  Miguel Fernández-Del-Olmo 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):996-1004

Set configuration may affect the recovery pattern of cardiac vagal autonomic and reflex modulation after a resistance exercise, since it is closely associated with intensity and volume and determines the metabolic involvement of the session. We tested the hypothesis that longer set configurations have a higher impact on cardiac autonomic control and baroreflex sensitivity compared with shorter set configurations. We studied the effects of three set configurations with the same components of work on the cardiac autonomic control and baroreflex sensitivity. Seventeen subjects performed one control session and three experimental sessions of a leg-press exercise with the same volume (40 repetitions), resting time (720?s) and intensity (10RM load): (a) 5 sets of 8 repetitions with 3?min of rest between sets (8S), (b) 10 sets of 4 repetitions with 80?s of rest between sets (4S) and (c) 40 sets of 1 repetition with 18.5?s of rest between each repetition (1S). Longer set configurations (8S and 4S) induced greater reductions of the vagal cardiac autonomic control and baroreflex sensitivity (p?≤?.001) compared with a shorter set configuration (1S). Also, 1S had non-significant reductions versus the control session (p?>?.05). These findings suggest that a shorter set configuration can reduce the impact of resistance exercise on the post-exercise cardiac vagal autonomic control and baroreflex sensitivity.  相似文献   

Estudio del proceso de clasificación: ¿Concepción digital o analógica?     

Eduardo Martí 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(12):71-79

Resumen

El autor después de exponer los dos modelos (analógico y digital) que los psicólogos han empleado hasta hoy para describir el proceso de clasificación, propone desde un punto de vista genético una crítica de dicha alternativa.

Para explicar el fenómeno de la clasificación, los psicólogos han propuesto dos modelos: el digital (según el cual pertenecer a una clase es cuestión de todo o nada) y el analógico (que explica la formación de las clases en torno a un prototipo). Sin embargo, la Psicología Genética argumenta que para los niños los prototipos serán diferentes a edades diferentes; para un mismo sujeto el prototipo podría variar según el contexto y los objetivos de la clasificación. Para el enfoque genético ambas concepciones no deben ser consideradas como excluyentes o incompatibles. A partir de los seis años de edad, ambas pueden ser adecuadas para describir las relaciones de semejanza entre objetos, ya que los niños o bien optan por una u otra manera o escogen ambas.  相似文献   

Un programa para la enseñanza de la comprensión de ideas principales de textos expositivos     

Eduardo Vidal-Abarca 《Infancia y Aprendizaje》2013,36(49):53-71

Resumen

Este artículo presenta una investigación llevada a cabo con niños de 5.° curso de EG B (11 años) los cuales fueron instruidos en la captación de ideas prinápales de textos expositivos con estructura enumerativa y comparativa, y en la formation de la macroestructura textual. Un grupo de niños de un colegio fueron entrenados con una metodología de instrucción directa mientras otro grupo equivalente de un centro distinto sirvió como grupo de control. Se tomaron tres tipos de medidas dependientes tras la lectura de diversos textos con un diseño pretest- postest incluyendo cada uno de ellos varias pruebas. El primer tipo de medidas se refería a la captación de ideas prinápales mientras el segundo y el tercero medían la conáencia de estructura textual y el recuerdo respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron una ejecución significativamente mejor del grupo experimental en el postest con respecto al grupo control en la mayor parte de las medidas dependientes. Tras un período de seguimiento de varios meses se aplicaron de nuevo algunas pruebas manteniéndose las mejoras del grupo experimental.  相似文献   

Nanotechnology in Mexico: Key Findings Based on OECD Criteria     

Guillermo Foladori  Edgar Arteaga Figueroa  Edgar Záyago Lau  Richard Appelbaum  Eduardo Robles-Belmont  Liliana Villa  Rachel Parker  Vanessa Leos 《Minerva》2015,53(3):279-301

  相似文献   

Improving Science and Literacy Learning for English Language Learners: Evidence from a Pre-service Teacher Preparation Intervention     

Jerome M. Shaw  Edward G. Lyon  Trish Stoddart  Eduardo Mosqueda  Preetha Menon 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2014,25(5):621-643

This paper present findings from a pre-service teacher development project that prepared novice teachers to promote English language and literacy development with inquiry-based science through a modified elementary science methods course and professional development for cooperating teachers. To study the project’s impact on student learning, we administered a pre and post assessment to students (N = 191) of nine first year elementary teachers (grades 3 through 6) who experienced the intervention and who taught a common science unit. Preliminary results indicate that (1) student learning improved across all categories (science concepts, writing, and vocabulary)—although the effect varied by category, and (2) English Language Learner (ELL) learning gains were on par with non-ELLs, with differences across proficiency levels for vocabulary gain scores. These results warrant further analyses to understand the extent to which the intervention improved teacher practice and student learning. This study confirms the findings of previous research that the integration of science language and literacy practices can improve ELL achievement in science concepts, writing and vocabulary. In addition, the study indicates that it is possible to begin to link the practices taught in pre-service teacher preparation to novice teacher practice and student learning outcomes.  相似文献   

What Is the Impact of Computer Literacy on the Academic Performance of D-learning Students？     

Eduardo de Paula e Silva Chaves  ;Celia Regina Andreoli 《美中教育评论》2014,(5):346-355

Due to the globalization and the spread of the Internet, distance learning （D-learning） has gained extraordinary impulse in recent years by classes broadcasted by Websites and assignments fulfilled by students in their own computers. D-learning facilitates the access to education to those people who are working or have low buying power due to its reduced cost and time convenience. Although D-learning has existed in the world for over 150 years, only in the last decades, it has become the focus of academic studies and researches in a systematic way. In this context, the objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of computer literacy on the academic performance of the D-learning students of Faculdade lnterativa COC--EAD （COC--D-learning Interactive College）, P61o Lafaiete （Lafaiete Branch）, Ribeirao Preto. The research consisted of a questionnaire with 21 qualitative dichotomous questions, concerning the level of knowledge and mastery of information techdologies, besides the gender and academic performance （weighted average and marks of the last module）. The data were tabulated, being considered two main variables： （a） academic performance, represented by the marks of the last module; and （b） computer literacy, represented by the sum of the questions concerning this matter. The data were analyzed statistically, and the correlation between the two variables considered was analyzed by Pearson＇s Correlation Test. The interviews of the 54 interviewees （24 males （44.45%） and 30 females （55.55%）） taking the business administration course were analyzed. The correlation coefficient r = 0.303 indicates that there is a meaningful correlation between the students＇ academic performance （marks） and their computer literacy, that is, the greater the computer literacy, the better the marks obtained by these students in the D-learning course. D-learning has computing as its main tool, theretbre, the students with less computer literacy find barriers in D-learning, which o ref  相似文献   

Promotion of autonomy for participation in physical activity: a study based on the trans-contextual model of motivation     

David González-Cutre  Roberto Ferriz  Vicente J. Beltrán-Carrillo  José A. Andrés-Fabra  Carlos Montero-Carretero  Eduardo Cervelló 《教育心理学》2014,34(3):367-384

The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of a school-based intervention to promote physical activity, utilising the postulates of the trans-contextual model of motivation. The study examined two separate classes of elementary school students (mean age 11.28?years), one of which served as the control group (n?=?26) and the other as the experimental group (n?=?21). The intervention in the experimental group consisted of showing videos related to physical activity participation, conducting discussions and doing tasks related to the content presented in the videos and conducting family discussions. Autonomy support from teachers, peers and parents; motivation in physical education and leisure time physical activity; the different variables of theory of planned behaviour; and physical activity, were measured before and after the intervention. Results showed an increase in teacher autonomy support, identified regulation in physical education, autonomy support from parents and peers, integrated and identified regulation in leisure time physical activity, control, subjective norm, intention and physical activity in the experimental group. Furthermore, this increase resulted in post-intervention differences across groups in such variables. Results are discussed in relation to the important role of families in the promotion of physical activity participation.  相似文献   

Operational space consensus of multiple heterogeneous robots without velocity measurements     

Carlos I. Aldana  Emmanuel Nuño  Luis Basañez  Eduardo Romero 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2014

This paper proposes a control algorithm for networks of multiple heterogeneous robot manipulators, which solves the leader–follower and the leaderless consensus problems in the operational space. In the leader–follower scenario, the controller ensures that all the robots in the network asymptotically reach a given leader pose (position and orientation), provided that, at least, one follower robot has access to the leader pose. Without a leader pose, in the leaderless problem, the robots asymptotically reach a pose of consensus. The controller is a simple distributed proportional plus damping injection (P+d) scheme which does not require velocity measurements. A singularity-free representation, unit quaternions, is used to describe the orientation of each manipulator. The paper presents some simulations, with a network of six 6-Degrees-of-Freedom (DoF) manipulators, and experiments, with a network of three 6-DoF manipulators, to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.  相似文献