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Thomas Owen Eisemon 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1989,35(3):329-348
This paper examines the important role of schooling in creating capacities for technological innovation in Africa. Schooling is a principal source of the modern scientific knowledge which most individuals possess. However, increasing levels of educational attainment does not necessarily increase capacities for innovation; it is what students learn in school rather than how long they attend school that is important. Policies to strengthen the impact of schooling must be based on a better understanding of how the content, language and processes of instruction influence the ways individuals think about the natural world and perform practical tasks in daily life involving use of modern health and agricultural technologies.
Zusammenfassung Im vorliegenden Artikel wird die bedeutende Rolle der Schulbildung zur Schaffung von Fertigkeiten und Fähigkeiten für die technologische Innovation in Afrika untersucht. Die Schulbildung ist die Hauptquelle der modernen wissenschaftlichen Kenntnisse, die die meisten Menschen besitzen. Jedoch bedeutet die Erhöhung der Leistungsanforderungen nicht notwendigerweise eine Erhöhung der Kapazitäten für die Innovation; wichtig ist nämlich eher, was die Schüler in der Schule lernen, als die Zeit, die sie sie besuchen. Strategien, um den Stellenwert der Schulausbildung zu steigern, müssen auf einem besseren Verständnis der Zusammenhänge beruhen, inwieweit Inhalt, Sprache und Lehrprozesse die Art und Weise beeinflussen, in der die einzelnen Schüler die natürliche Welt denken und die praktischen Aufgaben des täglichen Lebens erfüllen, indem sie sich der modernen Gesundheits- und Landwirtschaftstechnologien bedienen.
Résumé Le présent article examine le rôle important de la scolarité dans le développement de capacités d'innovation technologique en Afrique. La scolarité est la source majeure du savoir scientifique moderne que la majorité des personnes possèdent. Cependant, les niveaux toujours plus hauts de compétences éducatives n'agrandissent pas nécessairement les capacités novatrices. C'est moins la durée de la scolarité des élèves que ce qu'ils apprennent qui importe. Les politiques visant à renforcer l'impact de la scolarité doivent s'appuyer sur une meilleure compréhension de la manière dont les contenus, la langue et les processus d'enseignement influencent l'opinion que les individus ont du monde naturel et la façon dont ils accomplissent quotidiennement leurs tâches pratiques en ayant recours aux technologies médicales et agricoles modernes.相似文献
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Higher education reform in Romania 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Thomas Owen Eisemon Ioan Mihailescu Lazar Vlasceanu Catalin Zamfir John Sheehan Charles H. Davis 《Higher Education》1995,30(2):135-152
This paper reviews the crisis in Romanian universities since the country's political transition in 1989, and describes the government's strategy for revitalizing the higher education system. Attention is drawn to the expansion of access to higher education, the dramatic increase of enrollments in social science fields, the spontaneous establishment of private higher education institutions, and to the many difficulties institutions are experiencing in coping with these changes especially because of resource constraints. Comprehensive reform of the role of the state in the financing and governance of higher education are proposed. The government's reform strategy involves accreditation of public and private institutions, establishment of open transparent mechanisms for allocating institutional and research funding, as well as changes in the structure of academic employment. Successful implementation will require strengthening the fragile management capacity of the Ministry of Education and the higher education institutions. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the relationship between institutional affiliation and scholarly activities and outlooks for a sample of Indian engineering faculty. The research is based on a survey of Indian academics conducted in 1971–72.Respondents at various types of engineering institutions were compared in terms of their research productivity, professional involvement, attitudes toward professional life in India and job satisfaction. Significant differences were observed between faculty employed by affiliated colleges and those at other types of engineering institutions with respect to these measures. Affiliated college faculty are accorded a marginal role in India's system of technical education and much demoralisation is apparent. This has important implications for educational policy. 相似文献
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Thomas Owen Eisemon 《Higher Education》1984,13(5):583-594
This article analyzes the contemporary role of the University Grants Committee (UGC) vis-à-vis New Zealand's universities and the Department of Education. Emphasis is given to the historical and political factors which resulted in devolution of the University of New Zealand in the early 1960s and brought the UGC into being. Established to guide the development of the university system in a period of budgetary expansion, the UGC assesses the financial needs of the universities and the national need for new academic programs. Recent financial exigency prompted the government to introduce restrictions on the financial autonomy of the universities. The UGC has lost some of its autonomy in consequence, but a fundamental change in its relationship to government or in its protective role with respect to the universities is considered unlikely. 相似文献
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Although higher education systems are in a constant state of change, they are difficult for governments to reform. This paper analyzes a wide variety of country experiences in establishing mechanisms to co-ordinate the development of higher education systems, diversifying institutional financing and increasing the efficiency of public investments. Attention is drawn to the need for effective policy structures to manage higher education, to link costs of reforms to benefits such as increased opportunity, to take account of the institutional constraints to change as well as to carefully articulate educational reforms with other public policies that influence the performance of the higher education systems. 相似文献
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