Holistic face processing in newborns, 3-month-old infants, and adults: evidence from the composite face effect     

Turati C  Di Giorgio E  Bardi L  Simion F 《Child development》2010,81(6):1894-1905

Holistic face processing was investigated in newborns, 3-month-old infants, and adults through a modified version of the composite face paradigm and the recording of eye movements. After familiarization to the top portion of a face, participants (N = 70) were shown 2 aligned or misaligned faces, 1 of which comprised the familiar top part. In the aligned condition, no visual preference was found at any group age. In the misaligned condition, 3-month-olds preferred the face stimulus with the familiar top part, adults preferred the face stimulus with the novel one, and newborns did not manifest any visual preference. Results revealed that both infants' and adults' eye movements may be affected by holistic face information and demonstrated holistic face processing in 3-month-olds.  相似文献   

Hello Old Friend,My How You've Changed!     

Elisa M. Konieczko 《CBE life sciences education》2009,8(3):167-168

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工程教育的全球合作     

Claudio Borri  Elisa Cuberti  雷环  王玲 《高等工程教育研究》2009,(6)

Erasmus主题网络(Erasmus Thematic Networks)已经成功地为欧洲高等教育的发展做出了贡献:取得了若干重要成果,同时也指出了不久的将来所面临的挑战。这些成果和挑战包括:完成博洛尼亚进程、在工程教育领域发展和推广欧洲互认机制(例如EUR-ACE)、保护大学的自主权、吸引最优秀的年轻人参与工程研究、提供好的终身学习(LLL)机会、在不降低科学和技术学习水平的前提下扩展非技术技能的内容、加强企业和大学在教育问题上的合作。欧洲工程教育肯定要越过老欧洲大陆的界限,以确保质量和提高其对整个大西洋地区和新兴经济体的吸引力为目标。在不久的未来,欧洲学术网络必将向全世界开放,与全球的学者、学生、工业界和专业人士合作。我们已经通过国际工程教育学会联盟(IFEES)为这样的合作提供了一把保护伞,以期为这个目标提供良好的服务。即使这些任务看上去似乎已经很令人欣慰了,但是仍然不够。基于总体成本效益比而不只是GDP增长的分析,使我们有了更长远的眼光,我们还应考虑工程教育其他方面的重要因素,并且克服在科学/技术文化和人文文化之间固有的鸿沟。从社会和环境的角度看,如果工程教育希望为维护整个地球的良好状况做出贡献,这...  相似文献   

Immigrant background and gender differences in primary students' motivations toward studying     

Fabio Alivernini  Elisa Cavicchiolo  Laura Girelli  Valeria Biasi  Fabio Lucidi 《The Journal of educational research》2018,111(5):603-611

In the study, based on a representative sample of 26,670 Italian fifth-grade students, the authors examine the academic motivational profiles of immigrant and native students, as well as of boys and girls. To reliably estimate mean differences, the measurement invariance of a short version of the Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire was first established across the groups. Boys reported less autonomous motives for studying than girls while first-generation immigrant pupils showed higher levels of intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, and external regulation for studying than natives did. Also, second-generation immigrants had higher levels of academic motivation than natives did, although they were less motivated and reported less autonomous reasons for studying than first generations. While confirming the immigrant paradox in a country with a rapidly increasing level of immigrant students, findings show that second-generation immigrants not only report a lower quantity of motivation than first-generations, but also appear to have a different quality of motivation.  相似文献   

Visualizing spatial tasks: A comparison of computer graphic and full-band video displays     

Stephen R. Acker  Elisa L. Klein 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1986,34(1):21-30

Three spatial tasks were created in two forms, as video and as computer graphics. Both forms of each task were presented to third graders, middle schoolers, and adults preferred working with the video but were more accurate working with computer graphics. Third graders preferred the computer but were equally successful working with both displays. The study suggests that the expectations with which students approach an instructional technology may determine the effectiveness of that technology more than characteristics of the technology in question.  相似文献   

Sleep,anxiety and electronic device use by athletes in the training and competition environments     

Georgia Romyn  Elisa Robey  James A. Dimmock  Shona L. Halson 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(3):301-308

This study subjectively assessed sleep quality and quantity, state anxiety and electronic device use during a 7-day training week (TRAIN) and a 7-day competitive tournament (COMP). Eight state-level netball players used wrist-watch actigraphy to provide indirect sleep measures of bedtime, wake time, sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset and fragmentation index. State anxiety was reported using the anxiety sub-scale in the Profile of Mood States-Adolescents. Before bed duration of electronic device use and the estimated time to sleep after finishing electronic device use was also recorded. Significant main effects showed that sleep efficiency (p = 0.03) was greater in COMP as compared to TRAIN. Furthermore, the bedtime and wake time were earlier (p = 0.01) during COMP. No further differences existed between conditions (p > 0.05). However, strong negative associations were seen between state anxiety and the sleep quality rating. Here, sleep efficiency was likely greater in COMP due to the homeostatic need for recovery sleep, resulting from the change in environment from training to competition. Furthermore, an increased anxiety before bed seems to influence sleep quality and should be considered in athletes portraying poor sleep habits.  相似文献   

Effectual Reasoning and Innovation among Entrepreneurial Science Teacher Leaders: a Correlational Study     

Anita M. Martin  Fouad Abd-El-Khalick  Elisa Mustari  Ray Price 《Research in Science Education》2018,48(6):1297-1319

This is one of the first studies to examine the educational entrepreneur in K-12 public schools and the first to present an instrument designed to measure entrepreneurial thinking among teachers using a type of reasoning, effectual reasoning, which has been proposed in the business literature on entrepreneurs. This study situates entrepreneurial thinking within the K-12 education arena and examines the relationship between high school and middle school teachers’ use of effectual reasoning and their corresponding implementation of high, medium, or low levels of innovation in STEM areas within their classrooms, districts, or across districts. Our findings correlated higher use of effectual reasoning, a component of entrepreneurial thinking, with higher levels of implementation of innovations among teachers within an NSF grant, Entrepreneurial Leadership in STEM Teaching and learning, which centered on deeper content, reform-oriented pedagogies, and entrepreneurial thinking. We found that high innovators viewed uncertainty’ differently than low innovators by associating it with more positive cognitive structures and that innovators at different levels hold distinct notions of what constitutes high and low risk innovations. Contrary to the common notion that entrepreneurs are high-risk takers, results reveal that the types of innovations perceived by high innovators as low risk are viewed as high risk by low innovators. Furthermore, the results are consistent with the idea that entrepreneurs do certain types of things to lower/manage the risk of innovations before and, if necessary, during the implementation of an innovation. NSF: Award 0831820  相似文献   

Sexual abuse in the developmentally disabled: Dilemmas of diagnosis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sandra L. Elvik  Carol D. Berkowitz  Elisa Nicholas  Jenifer Lindley Lipman  Stanley H. Inkelis 《Child abuse & neglect》1990,14(4):497-502

Evaluation of developmentally disabled persons for physical signs of sexual abuse presents many challenges to the practitioner. This group is especially vulnerable to all types of abuse. A group of 35 mentally retarded females from a residential treatment facility was examined by the child abuse medical team at Harbor/UCLA Medical Center after one inpatient was found to be pregnant. Patients ranged in age from 13 to 55 years (median, 26 years; mean, 31.3 +/- 13.6 years). All of the women had some degree of disability, with 24 (69%) being categorized as profoundly retarded. No patient was able to provide a history. There were 13 (37%) patients who had genital findings we believe are consistent with prior vaginal penetration. Dilemmas which arose during evaluation included the significance of healed genital lesions in this population and the implications of the findings for the residential facility. While developmentally disabled persons need an advocate in the medical and legal systems, these patients can overwhelm the practitioner. Whenever possible, a team approach is recommended to decrease the work load and frustration and provide collegial support and affirmation of findings.  相似文献   

Do the eyes have it? Inferring mental states from animated faces in autism   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Back E  Ropar D  Mitchell P 《Child development》2007,78(2):397-411

The ability of individuals with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) to infer mental states from dynamic and static facial stimuli was investigated. In Experiment 1, individuals with ASD (10- to 14-year olds; N=18) performed above chance but not as well as controls. Accuracy scores for mental states did not differ between dynamic and static faces. Furthermore, participants with ASD gained higher scores when the eyes conveyed information than when this region remained static and neutral. Experiment 2 revealed that those with ASD (11- to 15-year olds; N=18) were as successful as controls in recognizing mental states when the eyes were presented in isolation or in the context of the whole face. Findings challenge claims that individuals with ASD are impaired at inferring mental states from the eyes.  相似文献   

Development of subjective recollection: understanding of and introspection on memory States     

Ghetti S  Mirandola C  Angelini L  Cornoldi C  Ciaramelli E 《Child development》2011,82(6):1954-1969

The development of subjective recollection was investigated in participants aged 6-18 years. In Experiment 1 (N = 90), age-related improvements were found in understanding of the subjective experience of recollection, although robust levels of understanding were observed even in the youngest group. In Experiment 2 (N = 100), age-related differences were found in subjective recollection during a memory task, suggesting development not only in the ability to reflect on memory states, but also in the informational basis of subjective recollection. Lower understanding of memory states was associated with increased propensity to claim recollection. These results indicate that subjective recollection develops considerably during childhood and suggest that the development of metamemory supports this capacity.  相似文献