African American and European American Mothers' Beliefs about Negative Emotions and Emotion Socialization Practices     

Nelson JA  Leerkes EM  O'Brien M  Calkins SD  Marcovitch S 《Parenting, science and practice》2012,12(1):22-41

OBJECTIVE: Mothers' beliefs about their children's negative emotions and their emotion socialization practices were examined. DESIGN: Sixty-five African American and 137 European American mothers of 5-year-old children reported their beliefs and typical responses to children's negative emotions, and mothers' emotion teaching practices were observed. RESULTS: African American mothers reported that the display of negative emotions was less acceptable than European American mothers, and African American mothers of boys perceived the most negative social consequences for the display of negative emotions. African American mothers reported fewer supportive responses to children's negative emotions than European Americans and more nonsupportive responses to children's anger. African American mothers of boys also reported more nonsupportive responses to submissive negative emotions than African American mothers of girls. However, no differences were found by ethnicity or child gender in observed teaching about emotions. Group differences in mothers' responses to negative emotions were explained, in part, by mothers' beliefs about emotions. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in beliefs and practices may reflect African American mothers' efforts to protect their children from discrimination.  相似文献   

Thyroid hormone levels and psychological symptoms in sexually abused adolescent girls     

Haviland MG  Sonne JL  Anderson DL  Nelson JC  Sheridan-Matney C  Nichols JG  Carlton EI  Murdoch WG 《Child abuse & neglect》2006,30(6):589-598

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between psychological symptoms and thyroid hormone levels in adolescent girls who had experienced the traumatic stress of sexual abuse. METHOD: The study design was cross-sectional/correlational. Subjects (N=22; age range=12-18 years) had their blood drawn, and they completed 2 psychological tests (depression and general distress/posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]). A pediatrician completed a sexual abuse questionnaire after reviewing law enforcement and Child Protective Services reports and conducting forensic interviews and medical examinations. RESULTS: Girls' average free T4, total T4, free T3, total T3, and TSH levels were within age-specific laboratory reference range limits, as were most individual concentrations. The strongest correlations (p<.05) were between free T3 and PTSD total score (-.50), PTSD-avoidance/numbing (-.49), and general distress (-.48); and between total T3 and depression (-.46), general distress (-.45), and PTSD-arousal (-.44). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support one of the two contemporary models of the relationships between thyroid hormones (i.e., free and total T3) and psychological symptoms (i.e., depression, general distress, and PTSD)--one of "shutting down" (vs. "activation") in the face of trauma.  相似文献   

To work or to continue to higher education? The choice of senior secondary students in Shenzhen, China     

Fan-Sing Hung  Yue-Ping Chung  Esther Sui-Chu Ho 《Higher Education》2000,39(4):455-467

In the planning and development of highereducation, it is necessary to understand the majorfactors affecting senior secondary students' decisionson whether to continue to higher education or to enterinto labor force. This is particularly important incountries shifting from a centrally-planned economy toa market-oriented economy where individuals areallowed free choice. This study in 1997 surveyed theeducational intentions of 1,513 senior secondarystudents in Shenzhen, the first and largest SpecialEconomic Zone (SEZ) in China which has adopted amarket-oriented economy and an open door policy for thelast two decades. Ninety percent of students in thestudy opted to continue into higher education oncompletion of senior secondary education. Theyexpected a much higher rate of return to highereducation than the remaining ten percent of studentswho opted to work after completing senior secondaryeducation. The analysis of logistic regression usedin this study reveals that students' expected rate ofreturn to higher education has a positive andsignificant effect on their intention to pursue highereducation, after controlling for the effects of thestudents' gender, family background and ability. Itis evident that students in this study acted inaccordance with predictions in the human capitaltheory in making their choice of higher education orwork in the market-oriented economy sector of China. This pattern of educational choice has importantbearing on the development of higher education indeveloping countries.  相似文献   

The relationship among motor proficiency, physical fitness, and body composition in children with and without visual impairments     

Houwen S  Hartman E  Visscher C 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2010,81(3):290-299

This study compares the motor skills and physical fitness of school-age children (6-12 years) with visual impairments (VI; n = 60) and sighted children (n = 60). The relationships between the performance parameters and the children's body composition are investigated as well as the role of the severity of the impairment. The degree of VI did not differentially affect the outcomes. Compared to their sighted peers, the children with VI scored lower on the locomotor and object control skills as assessed with the Test of Gross Motor Development-2, and the physical fitness (Eurofit) parameters of plate tapping, the standing broad jump, the modified 5 x 10-m shuttle run, and 20-m multistage shuttle run (20-MST). Their body mass and body fat indexes were inversely correlated with the standing broad jump and the 20-MST but positively correlated with handgrip strength. Moreover significant inverse correlations were found between their locomotor and object control skills on the one hand and plate tapping and the 5 x 10-m shuttle run on the other hand. Given the relatively high proportion (25%) of overweight/obese children within the VI sample, educators are recommended to promote health-related activities and help enhance motor skills in this population.  相似文献   

Clinician-Scientists in-and-between Research and Practice: How Social Identity Shapes Brokerage     

de Groot  Esther  Baggen  Yvette  Moolenaar  Nienke  Stevens  Diede  van Tartwijk  Jan  Damoiseaux  Roger  Kluijtmans  Manon 《Minerva》2021,59(1):123-137

Minerva - Clinician-scientists (CSs) are vital in connecting the worlds of research and practice. Yet, there is little empirical insight into how CSs perceive and act upon their in-and-between...  相似文献   

Participatory Communication versus Communication Strategies of a Transnational NGO: Implementing the Indoor Residual Spraying Program in the Northern Region,Ghana     

Esther Sackey  Yang Lin 《Journal of Intercultural Communication Research》2017,46(3):227-246

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Training power3 how to increase training without adding staff     

Michael A. Grady  Esther S. Powers 《Performance Improvement》1987,26(3):22-24

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Change warriors or strategy for organizational change     

Esther S. Powers  John B. Duncan 《Performance Improvement》1989,28(10):32-34

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Professional survival in tough times     

Marc J. Rosenberg  Esther Safir Powers 《Performance Improvement》1991,30(4):1-4

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