Improving the reading of bisyllabic words that involve context-sensitive spelling rules: focus on successes or on failures?     

Esther G. Steenbeek-Planting  Wim H. J. van Bon  Robert Schreuder 《Reading and writing》2013,26(9):1437-1458

The effect of two training procedures on the improvement of reading accuracy in poor readers was examined in relation to their initial reading level. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 poor readers. Poor readers were assigned to a control group that received no training, or one of two training conditions. One training concentrated on the words the children read correctly (successes), the other on the words they read incorrectly (failures). They repeatedly read bisyllabic Dutch words, half of the training words involving context-sensitive spelling rules (vowel degemination or consonant gemination). Some children repeatedly read their successes, others their failures. The training used a computerized flashcards format. The exposure duration of the words was varied to maintain the accuracy rate at a constant level. In general, children who received training improved their reading accuracy and reading speed of trained words, and reading accuracy of untrained words, more than the control group. Which training focus is superior, depends on the reading level of the child and the type of words used. For children with a low initial reading level, to improve reading accuracy of bisyllabic words that follow context-sensitive spelling rules, a training focus on failures was superior over a training focus on successes. For children with a high initial reading level, improvement of reading speed was largest in a training on successes. Evidently, the improvement of word reading skills depends both on the children’s level of reading competence and on the type of training.  相似文献   

Temperament Characteristics and Science Achievement: A longitudinal study of elementary students in Taiwan     

Ishien Li  Esther Onaga  Pao‐Sheng Shen  Hua‐Huei Chiou 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(9):1175-1185

Based on data collected from 211 elementary school children in central Taiwan over four years, the role of temperament in science achievement was examined with multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with repeated measures design. The results revealed that the students’ science achievement is stable over time. The task orientation characteristics (i.e., distractibility, hyperactivity, and persistence) identified by previous research as important in mathematics and reading achievement are not consistent with the findings of this study that although the impacts of distractibility and persistence are significant, the simple effect of activity level on science achievement was not significant. However, the interaction effect of activity level and persistence is significant. Further break down analyses conducted to pursuit the interaction effect revealed that: (1) persistence has a consistent significant positive effects on all children over the years, except for the ones with high activity level (the upper 25th percentile); and (2) activity level has significant negative effects on high persistence (the upper 25th percentile) children only, and the interaction effect of activity level increases over time—the older the child the more significant the influence. Also, the tendency of approach/withdraw has significant impact on science achievement The educational implications of the findings include: (1) teachers of high activity students with high persistence may need to consider the match between children’s interests and contents of instruction; (2) a good match between children’s individual differences in distractibility, persistence, and approach need to be considered in contents, expectations, and interactions of the instruction.  相似文献   

Exploring one student’s explanations at different ages: the case of Sharon     

Esther Levenson 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2013,83(2):181-203

This study describes the types of explanations one student, Sharon, gives and prefers at different ages. Sharon is interviewed in the second grade regarding multiplication of one-digit numbers, in the fifth grade regarding even and odd numbers, and in the sixth grade regarding equivalent fractions. In the tenth grade, she revisits each of these concepts again. The study investigates the different forms Sharon’s explanations take at different ages as well as how she perceives the nature of mathematical explanations at different ages. Sharon’s explanations are also used to investigate her conceptualization of the number zero, a concept which runs across the curriculum at different ages. Finally, the study explores a method for investigating the long-term mathematical development of one student. Implications for future research are discussed.  相似文献   

Why We Need the Arts: John Macmurray on Education and the Emotions     

Esther McIntosh 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(1):47-60

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On the need to strengthen political-critical thinking in history education     

Esther Yogev 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2013,59(5):627-645

The past twenty years have seen a dramatic change in the research of history education and its meaning in the Western academic world. Basically, there are three productive research directions: (1) a growing interest in cultural studies; (2) an exploration of various educational paths towards shaping a historical consciousness; and (3) cognitive and psychological research. Situated within the second group, but drawing on knowledge that has been gathered in all three research areas, this article focuses on the need to foster a political-critical dimension in the context of history education. The author proposes the implementation of a pedagogy of subversion in history teaching practices. Seeking to unsettle the students’ mind and ignite their intellect, this pedagogy supports the strengthening of political-moral thinking through the use of particular history content and teaching practices that take into account youthful rebellion and typical juvenile desire to fix the world. Adolescent resistance to education can thus be harnessed as a content tool, providing an object for the student to contend with personally as part of his or her maturation and individuation process. The desired outcome of such pedagogical practices is the development of an effective historical consciousness that enhances autonomous thinking, reflective skills and empathetic capabilities among young people. The future use of these capabilities is the ultimate aim of all education towards democratic citizenship.  相似文献   

The conscious system for the movement technique: an ontological and holistic alternative for (Spanish) physical education in troubled times     

Juan-Miguel Fernández-Balboa  Esther Prados Megías 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(8):1089-1106

After critically analyzing some of the Spanish physical education's (PE) main justifications and pointing out their problematic effects on teachers and students, the paper proposes an alternative orientation to teaching and learning PE that fosters consciousness, centeredness and transformation. Drawing from arguments and examples taken from ‘Eastern’ martial arts, the paper introduces the Conscious System for the Movement Technique (CSMT)—a ‘Western,’ ontological, and holistic approach whose purpose is to help people find paths that may allow them to transcend present paradigms, become interpreters of themselves, and acquire knowledge about the use of their body as a totality that, essentially, is ‘the reflection of a complex and mysterious functioning.’ Following this introduction to the CSMT, the paper explains its methodological principles, process, practical applications and transformative effects.  相似文献   

African American and European American Mothers' Beliefs about Negative Emotions and Emotion Socialization Practices     

Nelson JA  Leerkes EM  O'Brien M  Calkins SD  Marcovitch S 《Parenting, science and practice》2012,12(1):22-41

OBJECTIVE: Mothers' beliefs about their children's negative emotions and their emotion socialization practices were examined. DESIGN: Sixty-five African American and 137 European American mothers of 5-year-old children reported their beliefs and typical responses to children's negative emotions, and mothers' emotion teaching practices were observed. RESULTS: African American mothers reported that the display of negative emotions was less acceptable than European American mothers, and African American mothers of boys perceived the most negative social consequences for the display of negative emotions. African American mothers reported fewer supportive responses to children's negative emotions than European Americans and more nonsupportive responses to children's anger. African American mothers of boys also reported more nonsupportive responses to submissive negative emotions than African American mothers of girls. However, no differences were found by ethnicity or child gender in observed teaching about emotions. Group differences in mothers' responses to negative emotions were explained, in part, by mothers' beliefs about emotions. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in beliefs and practices may reflect African American mothers' efforts to protect their children from discrimination.  相似文献   

Copyright & You     

Sandra Wertz  Esther R. Sinofsky 《TechTrends》2000,44(1):10-11

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Kenneth W. Haskins: You have no right to put a kid out of school     

Esther Unger 《The Urban Review》1975,8(4):273-287

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The Privatization of Public Domain?     

Esther R. Sinofsky 《TechTrends》2000,44(3):7-8

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